Chronic radiation sickness caused by external irradiation refers to a systemic disease in which long-term continuous or repeated intermittent external irradiation exceeds the dose equivalent limit and causes hematopoietic tissue damage and other system changes, which belongs to the category of occupational diseases.
susceptible population
Chronic radiation sickness caused by external irradiation can occur in all kinds of radiation workers who are in poor health, weak in repair ability and do not follow the protection and operation rules, such as medical staff who use X-rays or radionuclides for diagnosis and treatment, workers who use X-rays or γ-rays for industrial flaw detection, neutron logging, nuclear reactors or accelerators, etc.
Trait difference
The biological effects of chronic radiation are different from those of acute radiation. Generally speaking, it can tolerate large doses of chronic radiation, because each radiation dose is small, the injury is light, and the body has the ability to repair, forming a chain process of injury-repair-re-injury-re-repair, and the cumulative dose will have a clinical effect when it reaches a certain height.
clinical features
The clinical characteristics of chronic radiation sickness caused by external irradiation are: slow onset, long course of disease, many subjective symptoms and few objective signs. According to the severity of the disease, it can be divided into, and degrees. Clinical manifestations are obvious neurasthenia syndrome, such as dizziness, fatigue, weakness, insomnia or lethargy, dreaminess, memory loss, loss of appetite and so on. Accompanied by autonomic nervous dysfunction. The general physical examination is basically normal, and some patients may have normal low blood pressure, positive beam-arm test (possibly due to the increase of capillary fragility), basal metabolism and thyroid aspiration (I function is low, etc. In the medical staff of radiology department who have used for a long time, we can see the phenomenon of dry, rough, desquamation and chapped hand skin, and may also have changes such as brittle nail ridge and shallow fingerprint. The relatively positive objective index is that the total number of white blood cells in peripheral blood has decreased to varying degrees, and it is lower than 4.0×10g/L for a long time; Some patients are accompanied by decreased platelet count, a few patients are accompanied by decreased hemoglobin, and some severe cases can cause pancytopenia. In addition to the decrease in the number of white blood cells, qualitative changes may sometimes occur, such as nuclear concentration, nuclear dissolution, vacuoles and toxic particles. Bone marrow examination showed that hyperplasia was active or low. The chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes may also increase. Some female patients may have irregular menstruation, while male patients may have oligospermia or abnormal functional morphology, or even infertility. It may be accompanied by dysfunction of one or more different organs or systems, such as immune system or endocrine system. The symptoms of chronic radiation sickness are mild and unstable, and the lesions are functional and reversible. Symptoms of chronic radiation sickness are aggravated, from functional instability to organic stable lesions, involving more organs and systems; The severity of the disease is more serious, the lesion is irreversible, the whole body condition deteriorates sharply, and it is complicated with infection, bleeding and multiple system failure.
Judgment principle
There is no specific diagnostic index for chronic radiation sickness caused by external irradiation, so it is difficult to diagnose. We should make a comprehensive judgment according to four principles, namely, first, we should have a clear occupational history of exposure to radiation, including radiation dose, workload and type of work, protection and the health status of the same workers; Second, clinical manifestations, including subjective and objective findings; Three, laboratory examination results, in addition to the peripheral blood and bone marrow examination, including other organs and systems, and refer to the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate; Finally, we should rule out other chronic diseases.
Ionizing radiation
Anyone who is diagnosed with chronic radiation sickness due to external irradiation should be treated without radiation, regardless of the severity of the disease. Carry out targeted comprehensive treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, strengthen nutrition and appropriate physical exercise. The prognosis of chronic radiation sickness is good. After symptomatic treatment, you can completely recover your health and resume radioactive work. After active treatment, most patients can recover or alleviate chronic radiation sickness, and a few patients can have some symptoms, or white blood cells can remain below normal levels for a long time. According to the recovery of physical strength, you can take part in some non-radioactive work within your power. After active and reasonable treatment, some short-term effects may be obtained, and you can transfer to a nursing home for further treatment and rest, and you should not be exposed to radiation again.
duplicator
There is radiation when the copier is used, which is not very big. Copier is an electronic device, and the radiation is certain, but due to the frequency problem, electromagnetic waves do little harm to people! The biggest harm of copier to human body is the ozone produced by copier during copying! Because the relative space is relatively closed, ozone is not easy to dissipate! High concentration to a certain extent will do great harm to human body!
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Hazards of radiation:
People who work, study and live in an environment with concentrated radiation sources are prone to insomnia, dreaminess, memory loss, physical weakness and low immunity, and their cancer cells grow 24 times faster than normal people.
How far is the radiation from us? In our living environment, radiation is everywhere!
Household appliances: TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, microwave oven, vacuum cleaner, etc.
Office equipment: mobile phones, computers, photocopiers, electronic instruments, medical equipment, etc.
Home improvement: marble, composite floor, wall wallpaper, paint, etc.
Surrounding environment: high-voltage lines, substations, TV (broadcast) signal transmission towers, etc.
Natural environment: sunspots, etc.
A healthy person can bear a short-term load of 5000R, but only a dose of 700R is enough to make a healthy person fatally threatened, but everyone's physical resistance is different, and everyone will have different degrees of symptoms. Generally, being polluted by electromagnetic radiation will cause central nervous system problems such as headache, insomnia and arrhythmia. At the same time, it may affect some people's eyes, such as decreased vision, skin diseases and even cancer. For pregnant women who may cause miscarriage, the elderly who have installed pacemakers should pay special attention. At the same time, different people or the same person have different tolerance to electromagnetic radiation at different ages. Even in an environment exceeding the standard, it does not mean that everyone will get sick, so there is no need to "be a soldier" for electromagnetic radiation. However, preventive measures should be taken for the elderly, children, pregnant women or patients with pacemakers, people who are sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, and people who work in excessive electromagnetic radiation for a long time.
I hope I can help you.