Basic knowledge of psychology, psychology is a science that studies human psychological phenomena and their psychological functions and behavioral activities under their influence. Psychology can help us understand ourselves and our world, and we can better analyze and adjust ourselves. The following is the sharing of basic knowledge about psychology.
Basic knowledge of psychology 1 Basic knowledge of psychology:
First, an overview of psychology. Research content of psychology: the study of human psychological phenomena and laws, and the content of psychological phenomena and laws.
The main schools of psychology: Feng Te's constructivism psychology (the most important), James's functionalism psychology, Watson's behavioral psychology, Witt Harmo's Gestalt psychology, Freud's psychoanalysis school, Maslow's humanistic psychology, Simon's cognitive psychology and the research and development of various neuropsychology.
Second, perception and attention. The concept and types of feeling (external feeling and internal feeling); The concept and types of perception (spatial perception, temporal perception and motion perception, illusion), the basic characteristics of perception (selectivity, integrity, understanding and constancy), and the organizational principles of perception (proximity, similarity, continuity and closure).
The concept of attention (the direction and concentration of psychological activities on an object);
Characteristics of attention (directionality, concentration);
Functions of attention (selection, integration, maintenance and adjustment);
Types of attention (the difference between intentional attention, unintentional attention and intentional afterattention);
Attention quality: attention range, attention stability, attention distribution and attention transfer.
Third, memory. The concept and types of memory; The basic process of memory: memory, retention and recall; The main types of memory; Classification of memory stages; The concept and characteristics of memory representation (intuitive visualization, image generalization, fuzzy fragmentation, individual differences); Memory system (instantaneous memory, short-term memory, long-term memory)
The concept of forgetting: the content of memory cannot be recalled or recognized, or it is recalled or recognized incorrectly.
Types of forgetting: temporary forgetting and permanent forgetting; Active forgetting and passive forgetting.
Forgetting Law: The process of forgetting curves is uneven, first fast and then slow (Ebbinghaus).
Methods to improve memory, characteristics of good memory quality (sensitivity, durability, accuracy, preparation).
Fourth, thinking. Concepts and types of thinking (intuitive action thinking, concrete image thinking, abstract logical thinking) and characteristics (indirectness and generality); The process and basic form of thinking.
Thinking of solving problems: ask questions-clarify questions-put forward hypotheses-test hypotheses.
Cultivation of Creative Thinking: Stimulating Curiosity and Curiosity-Cultivating the Combination of Divergent Thinking and Concentrated Thinking-Intuitive Thinking Ability-Creative Personality
Fifth, skills. Concept and characteristics of skills, types of skills, and training requirements of intellectual skills.
Sixth, ability. The concept and types of ability; The connection and difference between ability and knowledge and skills; Ability classification (general ability and special ability, actual ability and potential ability). The concept and influencing factors of intelligence, individual differences and group differences of ability.
Seven, motivation. The concepts and types of needs and motivations, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, and the functions of motivation (starting, maintaining and guiding); Classification of motivation; Stimulation of learning motivation.
Eight, emotions. The basic concept, classification and nature of emotion, the connection and difference between emotion and cognition, and how to adjust stress, emotion and health.
Nine, personality. The basic concepts and characteristics of personality (uniqueness, stability, integration and functionality), personality structure (temperament and personality), and the formation of personality.
10. Mental health education and psychological counseling. The standard of mental health; How to promote mental health; The connection and difference between psychological counseling and psychotherapy; Principles, steps and forms of psychological consultation; Adolescent mental health education (focus), psychological counseling in making friends, falling in love and preparing for exams.
Basic knowledge of psychology 2 psychological common sense
Psychological skills: 8 small habits to restore life motivation
1, watch comics or novels that make you laugh for two hours;
2. Give up going to the bar at weekend night, get up at 7 o'clock and go for a walk in the deserted street;
3. Find a street you haven't been to;
4. Travel to a place where you are very curious;
5. learn a new skill;
6. Go social;
7. Do something difficult if you are a super nervous person;
8. Learn to enjoy your boredom.
Quotations of success
1, don't be afraid of being used by others. People use you to show that you are still useful.
2. Eating is real, gambling is hedging, and whoring is unsuccessful.
3, spending a penny gets the effect of ten pence, which is an expert in spending money.
4. Cut both sides of tofu when doing things.
5. There are three bowls of noodles to be a man, and the worst ones are faces and scenes.
6. The first kind of person has the ability to lose his temper; Second-class, capable and tempered; People after class have no ability to lose their temper.
Six Thoughts on Self-growth
1. Observe the person who walks in front of you, see why he leads and learn from him.
People who think that the whole world is wrong are most likely to be their own fault.
I believe you can do it, and you will do it.
4. Keep telling yourself something, even if it's not true, and finally convince yourself.
If you want to go up a storey still higher, provide more and better services to others.
6. Courage is just a step beyond fear.
Psychological common sense: when excited, the pupil will become bigger.
Psychologists' research has confirmed that people's emotional changes will first be reflected in involuntary pupil changes: when the mood changes from neutral to excited and happy, the pupils will unconsciously enlarge. When a man sees a charming woman or a handsome man, his pupils will be dilated. When playing poker, if you catch the expected good cards, your emotions will suddenly rise and your pupils will be dilated.
Basic knowledge of psychology 3 Basic knowledge of psychology introduction
There's a good date in the cafe.
A better place for dating and waiting for people should be a cool coffee shop.
If it has nothing to do with color, the taste of coffee also has a relaxing effect. Waiting for your dream lover in such an environment, I believe you will not be upset after waiting for a long time.
Incandescent lamp at home
Under the blue and white fluorescent lamp, people will feel that time passes quickly, while under the warm incandescent lamp, they will feel that time passes slowly.
Therefore, if it is purely for work needs, it is best to do it under fluorescent lights.
Incandescent lamps can make people feel restless for a long time.
On the contrary, the bedroom is more suitable for using warm lighting equipment such as incandescent lamps, which will create a leisurely space of its own.
An experiment on the influence of color on time perception
Two people do an experiment, let one of them enter the red room with pink wallpaper and crimson carpet, and let the other person enter the blue room with blue wallpaper and blue carpet.
Don't give them any timers, let them come out of the room after an hour by feeling.
As a result, the people in the red room didn't come out until 40-50 minutes later, and the people in the blue room didn't come out until 70-80 minutes later.
Some people say that this is because the red room makes people feel uncomfortable, so it feels particularly long.
There is indeed this reason, but it is not entirely true.
The main reason is that people's sense of time will be disturbed by the surrounding colors.
Fast food restaurants are not suitable for waiting for people.
Fast food restaurants generally give us the impression that there are many seats and high efficiency. The customer will leave after eating and won't stay long.
Some people like to meet friends in fast food restaurants, but in fact fast food restaurants are not suitable for waiting for people.
This is because the decoration of many fast food restaurants is mainly orange or red. Although these two colors can make people feel happy, excited and stimulate their appetite, they can also make people feel that it takes a long time.
Waiting for people in such an environment will become more and more impatient.
Using color psychology to create an ideal company meeting environment
In modern society, all company employees have a lingering worry, that is, long meeting time.
Anyone who has a meeting for more than two hours will feel bored.
Therefore, the company's meeting room is best decorated with blue as the keynote. For example, looking at blue things with blue curtains, blue chairs and blue meeting minutes will make people feel that time passes quickly, thus creating a sense of compulsion to end the meeting quickly.
In addition, because blue has a relaxing effect.
In a relaxed environment, people are more likely to put forward creative ideas or constructive suggestions.
Therefore, in environmental psychology, it is also suggested to decorate the conference room in blue, which can not only make the long meeting compact, but also enrich the meeting content and discuss it more efficiently.