1. North Korea
In 1960, China supplied North Korea with 100,000 spindles of cotton spinning equipment and other items.
In 1961, China's expenditure on foreign aid was close to that on foreign debt repayment.
After 1962 foreign aid even exceeded debt service.
From 1958 to 1963, the most difficult period for China, China undertook 29 complete projects for North Korea in the form of interest-free loans for textile factories, bearing factories, sugar factories, thermal instrumentation factories, relay factories, electronic tube factories, radio parts factories, etc.
These were the most important projects for North Korea.
2. Mongolia
In 1956, China began to provide Mongolia with economic and technical assistance, and China and Mongolia signed an agreement on economic and technical assistance, under which China provided Mongolia with 150 million yuan of free aid.
In 1958 and 1960, two long-term low-interest loans were provided to Mongolia. Due to the lack of technical force in Mongolia, the assistance projects were carried out in the form of "turn-key", i.e., China took care of everything, and handed the keys over to the Mongolian side after the completion of all the projects.
By 1964, *** built 2 thermal power plants, woolen textile factories, glass factories, paper mills, brick and tile factories, vegetable farms, chicken farms, hospitals, sanatoriums, 6 bridges and other 21 projects, China can not make Mongolia proposed textile plant equipment, not hesitate to use the scarce foreign exchange to the United Kingdom to order.
3, Albania
China's assistance to Albania has always been in their own blockade, very difficult economic situation to provide. From 1954 onwards, China to provide economic and military assistance to Albania amounted to more than 10 billion yuan, the total population of Albania is only 2 million, an average of 4,000 yuan per person (China's per capita income of less than 100 yuan per annum at that time, there are places where farmers work a day only 8 cents).
By the end of June 1978, China helped A to build steel, fertilizer, alkali, acid, glass, copper processing, paper, plastics, military and other new industrial sectors, the construction of additional electric power, coal, petroleum, machinery, light industry, textiles, building materials and other industrial enterprises and communications, radio, television and other facilities, *** counted 142 projects, of which 92 were completed, basically completed and under construction of 23. 23. In order to build these projects, China has sent nearly 6,000 experts and trained thousands of technical backbones for Albania. China's aid to Albania's fertilizer plant with an annual output of 200,000 tons, an average of 400 kilograms per hectare of land, far more than the number of fertilizers used in China's rural arable land; the multiplicity of military aid projects, the number of projects, but also far more than the actual needs of Albania.In the early 1960s, China put the Soviet Union's assistance to Albania's project all package down, the scale of assistance is expanding, almost always respond to requests. At the end of 1960, in the midst of China's worst disaster, but still emergency aid to Albania 50,000 tons of food.?
China's aid to Albania's urgent needs, even including 21 million U.S. dollars of free foreign exchange .
The People's Republic of China has been committed to its own development since 1950, and at the same time has provided economic and technical assistance within its capacity to more than 120 developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania and Eastern Europe.
Expanded Information: China's foreign aid comes in eight main forms: complete sets of projects, general materials, technical cooperation, cooperation in human resource development, foreign aid medical teams, emergency humanitarian aid, foreign aid volunteers and debt relief. Package projects Package project assistance refers to China's efforts to help recipient countries build engineering projects in the production and civilian fields through the provision of non-reimbursable aid and interest-free loans and other aid funds. The Chinese side is responsible for all or part of the process of project investigation, survey, design and construction, provides all or part of the equipment and construction materials, and dispatches engineers and technicians to organize and guide the construction, installation and trial production. Upon completion of the project, it will be handed over to the recipient country for use. Complete sets of projects are the most important form of China's foreign aid. Starting from 1954, China has utilized the complete project assistance to repair war-damaged railroads, highways, ports, bridges and municipal transportation facilities, as well as to assist in the construction of a number of basic industries for Vietnam and North Korea, thus contributing greatly to the post-war reconstruction and economic development of the two countries. Since then, the scale and scope of the construction of project packages have been expanding, and have always taken up a large proportion of foreign aid expenditures. At present, the assistance of project packages accounts for about 40 percent of the financial expenditures on foreign aid. By the end of 2009, China had helped developing countries build more than 2,000 sets of projects of various kinds that are closely related to the production and life of the local people, covering a wide range of fields such as industry, agriculture, culture and education, health, communications, electricity, energy and transportation. General materials General material assistance refers to China's provision of the required production and living materials, technical products or individual equipment to recipient countries under the aid funds, as well as undertaking the necessary supporting technical services. China's assistance to foreign countries began with the provision of general materials, and in the 1950s and 1960s, when there was a great shortage of materials at home, China provided large quantities of production and living materials to the vast number of Asian and African countries in order to support them in their struggle for national liberation and the development of their national economies. In addition to providing foreign-aid materials individually, China also provided a variety of ancillary equipment and materials in conjunction with the construction of complete sets of projects. China has always used the best quality products produced domestically as aid materials, and the materials it has provided cover a wide range of fields such as machinery and equipment, medical equipment, testing equipment, transportation tools, office supplies, foodstuffs, medicines and so on. These materials have met the urgent needs of production and life in the recipient countries, and some of the equipment, such as civilian aircraft, locomotives and container inspection equipment, have also contributed to the improvement of the equipment capacity and industrial development of the recipient countries. Technical cooperation Technical cooperation refers to the dispatch of Chinese experts to provide technical guidance on the follow-up production, operation or maintenance of completed sets of projects, and to train the management and technical personnel of the recipient countries on the spot. Assisting developing countries to carry out trial planting, breeding and manufacturing for the purpose of developing production, and teaching Chinese agricultural and traditional handicraft techniques; helping developing countries to complete a certain specialized inspection, exploration, planning, research, consultation, and so on. Technical cooperation is an important form of cooperation in which China helps recipient countries enhance their capacity for independent development. Technical cooperation covers a wide range of fields, including industrial production and management, agricultural planting and breeding, handicraft production such as weaving and embroidery, culture and education, sports training, medical care and health care, the development of clean energy such as biogas and small hydropower, geological survey and exploration, and economic planning. The duration of technical cooperation is generally one to two years, and can be extended if necessary at the request of the other party. Cooperation in human resources development Cooperation in human resources development refers to China's efforts to organize various forms of government officials' training, academic and degree education, professional and technical training, and other personnel exchange programs for developing countries through bilateral and multilateral channels. China began to implement human resources development cooperation programs in 1953, and from the 1950s to the 1970s, China received a large number of trainees from North Korea, Vietnam, Albania, Cuba, Egypt and other countries to study in China, covering more than 20 industries such as agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, light industry, textile, transportation and health. Since 1981, China has cooperated with the United Nations Development Program in organizing practical technology training courses in China for developing countries in various fields. Since 1998, the Chinese government has been organizing training courses for officials, and the sectors, fields and scale of training have expanded rapidly. By the end of 2009, China had organized more than 4,000 training courses of various kinds for developing countries in China, training 120,000 people, including trainees, managerial and technical personnel and officials. The training covered more than 20 fields, including economics, diplomacy, agriculture, medical and health care, and environmental protection. At present, about 10,000 people from developing countries are trained in China every year. In addition, China has trained a large number of management and technical personnel for recipient countries through technical cooperation and other means. Foreign Aid Medical Teams Foreign Aid Medical Teams refer to the teams of medical personnel that China sends to recipient countries and provides part of the medical equipments and medicines free of charge to carry out sentinel or itinerant medical services in the recipient countries. In 1963, China sent its first medical team to Algeria. To date, China has dispatched foreign medical aid teams to 69 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania. The teams generally work in backward areas of the recipient countries where there is a lack of medical care and medicines, and the conditions are very difficult. The team members have cured a large number of common and frequent diseases, and used acupuncture, tuina, and Chinese and Western medicine to diagnose and treat many difficult and serious diseases, saving the lives of many dying patients. The foreign aid medical team members also taught medical technology to local medical personnel, promoting the improvement of local medical and health care level. With exquisite medical skills, good medical ethics and a high sense of responsibility and mission, the medical team members serve the people of the recipient countries with all their might, and have won the respect and praise of the governments and people of the recipient countries. By the end of 2009, China had dispatched more than 21,000 foreign-aided medical team members, and the number of patients treated by Chinese doctors in recipient countries had reached 260 million. 60 foreign-aided medical teams with 1,324 medical team members **** provided medical services in 130 medical institutions in 57 developing countries in 2009. Emergency humanitarian assistance Emergency humanitarian assistance refers to China's provision of emergency relief materials, cash remittances or dispatch of rescue personnel on its own initiative or at the request of the affected country in the event of serious natural or humanitarian disasters in the relevant countries and regions, with a view to mitigating the loss of people's lives and property in the affected areas and helping the affected countries to cope with the difficult situation caused by the disasters. Over the years, China has actively participated in foreign emergency relief operations and played an increasingly important role in the international emergency humanitarian relief cause. In order to make relief operations more rapid and effective, the Chinese government formally set up an emergency response mechanism for emergency humanitarian relief assistance in September 2004, and in the wake of the Indian Ocean tsunami in December 2004, China carried out the largest emergency relief operation in the history of its foreign aid, providing various kinds of assistance*** amounting to more than 700 million yuan in total to the disaster-stricken countries. Over the past five years, the Chinese government has carried out emergency assistance nearly 200 times, including the provision of emergency technical assistance to Southeast Asian countries in the prevention and treatment of avian influenza; the provision of emergency assistance in the form of materials or cash remittances to countries affected by locusts and cholera in Guinea-Bissau, dengue fever in Ecuador, influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico, earthquakes in Iran, Pakistan, Haiti, and Chile, hurricanes in Madagascar, tropical storms in Myanmar and Cuba, and flooding in Pakistan, among others. Provide emergency assistance in the form of materials or cash remittances. Providing emergency food aid to DPRK, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Burundi, Lesotho, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Volunteers for Foreign Aid Volunteers for Foreign Aid refers to the volunteers China selects and sends to other developing countries to provide services to the local people in the fields of education, medical care and health care and other social development. At present, the main types of volunteers sent by China are foreign aid youth volunteers and Chinese language teacher volunteers. In May 2002, China sent five young volunteers to Laos for the first time to carry out six-month volunteer service in the fields of education and medical and health care. By the end of 2009, China had dispatched 405 foreign-aid young volunteers to 19 developing countries***, including Thailand, Ethiopia, Laos, Myanmar, Seychelles, Liberia and Guyana, to provide services in the fields of Chinese language teaching, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, agricultural science and technology promotion, sports training, computer training and international rescue. Including Ethiopia, Guyana and many other countries, China began to send Chinese language teacher volunteers to foreign countries in 2003. By the end of 2009, 7,590 Chinese teacher volunteers*** had been dispatched to more than 70 countries around the world. Debt Relief Debt relief refers to China's forgiveness of some developing countries' matured government debts to China. The Chinese government never exerts repayment pressure on recipient countries' government debts to China. When a recipient country encounters difficulties in repaying its matured interest-free loans, the Chinese government has always adopted a flexible approach and extended the repayment period through bilateral negotiations. In order to further alleviate the debt burden of countries with economic difficulties, the Chinese government has always adopted a flexible approach. The Chinese government, at the first ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2000, the 2005 United Nations High-Level Conference on Financing for Development, the 2006 Beijing Summit of FOCAC, the 2008 United Nations High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the fourth ministerial meeting of the FOCAC in 2009, and the 2010 United Nations High-Level Meeting on the MDGs. Six times in succession, China has announced that heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) and least developed countries (LDCs) with which it has diplomatic relations will have their interest-free loan debts to China forgiven when they fall due. By the end of 2009, China had signed debt-relief protocols with 50 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and canceled 380 mature debts amounting to 25.58 billion yuan. China's Foreign Aid - China.org