Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development in 1995
March 1, 1996
In 1995, under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, localities and departments continued to implement the central government's basic policy of "grasping opportunities, deepening reform, expanding opening-up, Promote development and maintain stability", actively implemented macro-control measures, and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country united to make new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The national economy has continued to develop rapidly, progress has been made in economic restructuring, inflation has been initially curbed, people's livelihoods have continued to improve, and there has been new development in various social undertakings. According to preliminary statistics, the annual gross domestic product (GDP) amounted to 577.33 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year. The added value of the primary industry was 1,136.5 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5%; the added value of the secondary industry was 2,827.4 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6%; and the added value of the tertiary industry was 1,809.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8%. The main problems are: the agricultural base is still weak; the overall price level is still high; some enterprises have difficulties in production and operation, and the economic benefits are not good.
Agriculture
Cultivation production received a better harvest, in addition to a reduction in tea production throughout the year, grain, oilseeds, cotton, sugar, hemp, baking tobacco, vegetables, fruits, and other major agricultural products have increased production, to stabilize the economy, to protect the supply of the market has played a positive role.
The output of major agricultural products was as follows:
1995 % increase over the previous year
Grain 465 million tons 4.5
of which: grain 417 million tons 5.9
Oilseeds 22.5 million tons 13.1
of which: peanuts 10.24 million tons 5.8
Rapeseed 976 million tons 30.2
Cotton 4.5 million tons 3.7
Jute 0.4 million tons 12.7
Sugarcane 64.4 million tons 5.7
Sugar beets 13.6 million tons 8.5
Tobacco 2.1 million tons 8.2
Tea 580 thousand tons -0.8
Fruit 41.9 million tons 19.7
Forestry production developed healthily. The annual afforestation area of 5.5 million hectares was completed, with national key forestry construction projects making remarkable progress, mass afforestation activities widely carried out, and key national afforestation projects such as the second phase of the Three-North Protective Forest Project overfulfilling their planning tasks; new progress was made in forest fire prevention and control of pests, diseases and rodents; and forest resource management and protection were continuously strengthened, maintaining a double increase in forest area and stockpile, with the rate of forest cover reaching 13.92 per cent.
The comprehensive development of animal husbandry, the output of major livestock products and the number of head of livestock to maintain a steady growth trend.
The output of major livestock products and the number of head of livestock in stock are as follows:
1995 Year-on-year growth in %
Meat 50 million tons 11.0
Of which: pork, beef and mutton, 42 million tons 13.7
Milk, 5.48 million tons, 3.7
Sheep's wool, 276,000 tons, 8.4
Cocoons, 790,000 tons, -2.5
Worm cocoons, 790,000 tons. 790,000 tons -2.5
Pigs at the end of the year, 441.41 million head 6.5
Sheep at the end of the year, 273.27 million 13.6
Large livestock at the end of the year, 159.39 million 6.8
Fishery production grew steadily. The total annual output of aquatic products was 25.38 million tons, an increase of 18.4% over the previous year. Among them, the output of freshwater products was 11.61 million tons, an increase of 28.8 percent; the output of seawater products was 13.77 million tons, an increase of 10.9 percent. Agricultural production conditions further improved. At the end of the year, the total power of agricultural machinery nationwide was 360.7 million kilowatts, an increase of 6.7% over the end of the previous year; 670,000 large and medium-sized tractors, a decrease of about 3%; 800,000 agricultural trucks, an increase of 7%; 35.7 million tons of fertilizers were applied (discounted pure), an increase of 7.6%; 162.8 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity were used in rural areas, an increase of 10.5%. The construction of farmland water conservancy has been strengthened, and the effective irrigated area of farmland has increased.
Two, industry and construction
Industrial production in a steady decline to maintain steady growth. The annual industrial added value of 247.18 billion yuan, an increase of 14% over the previous year. In all industries, state-owned and state-controlled enterprises increased by 9.5%, of which state-owned enterprises increased by 7.2%; collective enterprises increased by 15.8%; to Sino-foreign equity joint ventures, cooperative ventures and foreign-funded enterprises based on other economic types of industrial growth of 19%. Large and medium-sized enterprises increased by 10.2 percent.
Light industry production development faster than heavy industry. The annual added value of light industry completed 1118.1 billion yuan, an increase of 16.7% over the previous year; the added value of heavy industry completed 1353.7 billion yuan, an increase of 12%, petrochemicals, machinery and electronics, automobiles and other pillar industries in the adjustment of stable development. Influenced by changes in market demand, the output of major industrial products have risen and fallen.
The output of major industrial products is as follows:
1995 Year-on-year growth in %
Chemical fibers 2.9 million tons 3.4
Yarn 5 million tons 2.2
Cloth 21 billion meters -0.6
Machine-made paper and paperboard 24 million tons 12.2
Sugar 5.656 million tons -4.5%.
Raw salt 24.99 million tons -16.6
Cigarettes 34.91 million cartons 1.7
Synthetic detergents 2.218 million tons 2.0
Color TVs 1.958 million units 15.9
Household washing machines 9.448 million units -13.6
Household refrigerators 9.296 million units 21.0<
Total energy production 1.239 billion tons 4.4
(equivalent to standard fuels)
Raw coal 1.298 billion tons 4.5
Crude oil 149 million tons 2.0
Electricity generation 100 billion kWh 7.8
Steel 94 million tons 1.5
Steel 80 million tons - 5.1
Household refrigerators 9.296 million units 21.0
Household refrigerators 9.296 million units 21.0< 5.1
Ten kinds of non-ferrous metals 4.25 million tons 7.9
Cement 450 million tons 7.1
Timber 66.5 million m3 0.5
Sulfuric acid 17.41 million tons 13.3
Soda ash 5.82 million tons 0.1
Chemical fertilizers (100 percent off) 24.5 million tons 7.8
Chemical pesticides (100%) 360,000 tons 24.7
Power generation equipment 16.82 million kilowatts -1.5
Metal cutting machine tools 181,000 units -12.5
Automobiles 1,503,000 units 10.0
Tractors 63,000 units 35.5
Integrated circuits 312,920,000 pieces 7.9
< p>Microcomputers 403,000 182.3Program-controlled exchanges 16.35 million 22.0
With the deepening of enterprise reform, the state-owned large and medium-sized industrial economic growth accelerated, and the overall level of economic efficiency still maintains its advantage. The comprehensive index of industrial economic efficiency for the year was 90.02, of which the state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises was 94.15.
The main factors affecting the improvement of the overall level of industrial economic efficiency are the rapid rise in costs and expenses, the inventory of finished products is too large, and the problem of mutual financial arrears is more prominent.
Construction industry production and operation continued to develop. The annual construction industry completed value added 355.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year. The construction industry to increase the management system reform efforts, and actively implement the construction project bidding and bidding responsibility system, bidding and bidding surface further expansion. The number of construction projects of state-owned construction enterprises was 223,000, and the number of projects implementing bidding and tendering was 77,000, and the contracting surface of bidding and tendering amounted to 34.5%, an increase of 8 percentage points compared with that of the previous year; the area of housing construction was 425 million square meters, an increase of 7.8%; and the area of completed housing construction was 129 million square meters, a decrease of 8.4%. Labor productivity of 13,475 yuan, an increase of 13.3%; per capita profits and taxes and the previous year basically the same, the economic efficiency to be further improved.
Geological survey achieved new results. Discovered or confirmed throughout the year for industrial deposits of 126 major mineral deposits, made significant new progress in the exploration of 71 mining areas; 31 kinds of minerals increased proven reserves, including 668.53 million tons of oil, 181 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 60.6 tons of gold, 4.28 billion tons of coal, 659,000 tons of copper, bauxite 15.05 million tons, iron ore 182.74 million tons. The geological exploration industry completed 8.32 million meters of mechanical core drilling. Submitted 202 geological reports that can be utilized for industrial and agricultural production.
Three, fixed-asset investment
Control of fixed-asset investment has achieved significant results. For the whole year, society as a whole completed investment in fixed assets of 19,444.5 billion yuan, an increase of 18.8% over the previous year (after deducting the price factor, the actual workload increased by 11%), an increase of 12.6 percentage points lower than that of the previous year. Among them, the state-owned economy invested 1,082.2 billion yuan, an increase of 16.1%; the collective economy invested 297.8 billion yuan, an increase of 11.8%; urban and rural residents invested 238.1 billion yuan, an increase of 20.8%; and other types of economic investment of 326.4 billion yuan, an increase of 35.3%.
Sub-type of investment is, capital investment of 736.5 billion yuan, an increase of 22.1 percent, down 17.4 percentage points from the previous year; 319.9 billion yuan of investment in upgrading and reconstruction, an increase of 11.3 percent, a drop of 21.6 percentage points; real estate development investment of 283.1 billion yuan, an increase of 21.4 percent, a drop of 20.6 percentage points; urban and rural collectives, individual and other fixed assets investment of 605 billion yuan, an increase of 17.8 percent; other various economic types of investment 326.4 billion yuan, an increase of 35.3 percent. Investment of 605 billion yuan, an increase of 17.9 percent, down 0.8 percentage points.
Sub-industry situation is, agriculture, transportation, post and telecommunications communications industry investment growth faster, while the energy industry investment growth slowed down. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy industry completed investment of 26.4 billion yuan, an increase of 43.7 percent; transportation, postal and telecommunication industry completed investment of 246.7 billion yuan, an increase of 24.6 percent; energy industry completed investment of 242.7 billion yuan, an increase of 16.7 percent.
Sub-regional situation is that the proportion of investment in the central and western regions has increased. The eastern region completed investment of 12188 billion yuan, an increase of 17.5%, accounting for the proportion of all investment from 63.3% down to 62.7%; the central region completed investment of 412.1 billion yuan, an increase of 20.7%, accounting for the proportion of all investment from 20.8% to 21.2%; the western region completed investment of 238.7 billion yuan, an increase of 21.1%, accounting for the proportion of 12% rose to 12.3%. 12.3%.
Annually, there were 170,000 construction projects, with a total planned investment of 377.75 billion yuan, of which 93,000 were new projects, with a total planned investment of 577.3 billion yuan. All completed and put into operation 95,000 projects, new fixed assets of 726.1 billion yuan, of which 129 large and medium-sized capital construction projects, more than the limit of 258 renewal and transformation projects.
Thirty national key projects were completed and put into operation throughout the year, including nine railroad projects, including Lanzhou-Xinjiang Duplicate Line (299 kilometers), Houyue Line (electrified new line of 253 kilometers, 121 kilometers of the duplicate line), Zheijiang Line (135 kilometers), and Baozhong Line (498 kilometers), etc.; and seven electric power projects, including Manwan Hydropower Station in Yunnan Province (with an installed capacity of 250,000 kilowatts), Jiaxing Power Plant in Zhejiang Province (with an installed capacity of 600,000 kilowatts), and Jiaxing Power Plant in Zhejiang Province (with an installed capacity of 600,000 kilowatts). installed capacity of 600,000 kilowatts), etc.; five post and telecommunications projects, including Hangzhou-Fuzhou-Guicheng fiber-optic cable (4,523 kilometers), Beijing-Huoyin-Lanzhou fiber-optic cable (2,084 kilometers), etc.; Yizheng Chemical Fibers Phase III has also been completed and put into operation.
The main new production capacity of the national capital construction are: coal mining 23.93 million tons, generating capacity of 14.51 million kilowatts, 23.71 million tons of oil mining, natural gas extraction 923 million cubic meters (including upgrading and other investment in the increased capacity), 3.25 million tons of iron, 1.51 million tons of steel, timber harvesting and transportation of 193,000 cubic meters, the delivery of the new railroad main line to the operating mileage of 2389 kilometers, the construction of additional railroad lines to deliver 901 kilometers of mileage of operation, 4839 kilometers of new roads, of which 538 kilometers of highways, 17.2 million automatic exchanges for municipal telephones, long-distance fiber optic cables 25,078 pi long kilometers, 42,777 kilometers of new digital microwave communication lines, such as wave channel kilometers.
Four, transportation and postal communications industry
Transportation, postal and telecommunications industry continued to get faster development, the annual added value of 323.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5% over the previous year, communications capacity to enhance the transportation tensions have improved.
The turnover of passenger and cargo transportation completed by various modes of transportation is as follows:
1995 % increase over the previous year
Goods turnover (100 million ton-kilometers) 35,436 6.5
Railway 12,900 3.6
Roadway 4,890 9.0
Waterway 17,000 8.4
Aeronautics 24 26.3
Pipeline 622 1.6
Passenger turnover (billion person-kilometers) 9105 6.0
Railway 3547 -2.5
Highway 4726 12.0
Water transport 180 -2.2
Air 652 18.1
Coastal main port throughput ( million tons)78,980 6.2
Post and telecommunications continued to develop at a rapid pace. The total volume of postal and telecommunication business for the year amounted to 98.6 billion yuan, an increase of 42% over the previous year. Residential telephones developed rapidly, with 15.46 million new telephone users, equivalent to 56.6% of the end of the previous year, and the penetration rate of telephones reached 4.66 per 100 people, an increase of 1.46 percentage points compared with the previous year; mobile telephones added 2.06 million new users in the whole year, which was 1.3 times the number of users at the end of the previous year. Public communication capacity was further improved. At the end of the year, the capacity of bureau switches was 70.96 million doors, and the capacity of long-distance switches amounted to 3.51 million road ends. The quality of postal and telecommunication communications also improved significantly.
V. Domestic Trade and Market Prices
The domestic consumer goods market was prosperous and active, with total retail sales of consumer goods amounting to 205.98 billion yuan, an increase of 26.6% over the previous year, and a real increase of 10.3% after deducting the price factor. The total supply and demand of domestic production materials market was basically balanced, and sales grew steadily. Purchase and sales of agricultural production materials were robust, but the price level rose at a higher rate.
Divided into urban and rural areas, retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas amounted to 123.89 billion yuan, an increase of 28.2% over the previous year; retail sales of consumer goods in rural areas amounted to 820.9 billion yuan, an increase of 24.3%, and a real growth of 13% and 6.8% respectively after deducting the price factor.
By industry, after the implementation of the five-day work week, residents travel more vacation time, catering services accordingly, the annual retail sales of catering industry increased by 29.9% over the previous year, the growth rate of all industries in the first place; wholesale and retail trade industry retail sales increased by 22.2%.
Inflation has been initially controlled, the market price increases fell month by month, the realization of the annual retail price increases in commodities to control about 15% of the regulatory objectives. However, the rate of increase in the overall price level is still on the high side.
Amount of increase in various types of prices over the previous year (%)
1, retail prices of goods 14.8
of which: urban 13.5
35 large and medium-sized cities 12.8
rural 16.4
2, consumer prices 17.1
of which: urban 16.8
35 large and medium-sized cities 16.5
Rural 17.5
Including: food 22.9
Grain 36.8
Meat, poultry and their products 26.4
Meat and vegetable oils 13.4
Eggs 14.6
Aquatic products 14.4
Fresh vegetables 27.6
Clothing 14.5
Household equipment and supplies 7.0
Medical and health care supplies 11.3
Transportation and communication tools -0.1
Entertainment, education and cultural supplies 6.4
Housing goods 10.6
Services 20.2
3, Retail prices of agricultural production materials 27.4
4. Purchasing prices of agricultural products 19.9
5. Purchasing prices of energy and raw materials for industrial enterprises 15.3
6. Ex-factory prices of industrial products 14.9
6. Foreign Economy
The scale of foreign trade expanded. The annual total import and export amounted to 280.9 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 18.6% over the previous year; of which the total export amounted to 148.8 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 22.9%; the total import amounted to 132.1 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 14.2%. The structure of import and export commodities has further improved, with the proportion of electromechanical products in exports rising from 26.4% in the previous year to 29.4%, surpassing clothing and textiles to become the first major category of products exported by China. Imports of raw materials and means of living, which are in short supply domestically, increased more. The import and export of foreign-invested enterprises continued to rise sharply, amounting to 109.8 billion U.S. dollars for the whole year, an increase of 25.3%, accounting for the proportion of the country's total imports and exports increased from 37% to 39.1% from the previous year. New progress has been made in the strategy of market diversification, with the number of countries and regions that are our foreign trade partners increasing from 221 in the previous year to 227, and imports and exports to Africa and Latin America increasing by 48.3% and 30% respectively, much faster than the growth rate for other continents.
The actual utilization of foreign capital continued to grow. The actual utilization of foreign capital for the year was 48.4 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 11 percent over the previous year. Among them, the foreign direct investment of 37.7 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 11.7 percent. At the end of the year, the number of registered foreign-invested enterprises reached 234,000, an increase of 28,000 from the end of the previous year.
Foreign economic and technical cooperation continued to develop. The annual amount of newly signed contracts for foreign contracted projects and labor service cooperation was 9.67 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 21.1% over the previous year, while the completed turnover was 6.59 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 10.3%.
International tourism has a new development. The number of foreigners, overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwanese who came to visit, engage in business and various activities amounted to 46.39 million, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year; the national tourism revenue of 8.7 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 19%.
VII. Finance and Insurance
The financial situation was stable. Deposits increased more, and the structure of loans improved, with more loans used to support key national construction projects, the adjustment of industrial structure, state-owned enterprises with markets and benefits, as well as the import and reserve of important national materials.
At the end of the year, the balance of deposits in national banks and rural credit unions was 4,595.8 billion yuan, an increase of 1,088 billion yuan, or 31%, compared with the end of the previous year, of which the balance of corporate deposits was 1,452 billion yuan, an increase of 300.4 billion yuan, or 26.1%; the balance of loans was 4,462.8 billion yuan, an increase of 797.1 billion yuan, or 21.7%, compared with the end of the previous year, of which the balance of short-term loans was 3,124.3 billion yuan, or 21.7%. The balance of short-term loans was 312.43 billion yuan, an increase of 532.1 billion yuan; the balance of medium- and long-term loans was 105.32 billion yuan, an increase of 196.9 billion yuan. At the end of the year, the market cash circulation (M0) was 788.5 billion yuan, an increase of 59.67 billion yuan over the end of the previous year, an increase of 8.2%; narrow money (M1) increased by 16.8%; broad money (M2) increased by 29.5%. At the end of the year, the balance of urban and rural residents' savings deposits amounted to 2,966.2 billion yuan, an increase of 812.6 billion yuan over the end of the previous year, an increase of 37.7%.
National foreign exchange reserves increased more. At the end of the year, the country's foreign exchange reserves amounted to 73.6 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 22 billion U.S. dollars from the end of the previous year.
The insurance business continued to develop. The annual national underwriting totaled 13,967.9 billion yuan, an increase of 25% over the previous year. Premium income of 61.57 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%. Of which, property insurance premium income of 42.11 billion yuan, personal insurance premium income of 19.42 billion yuan. Property insurance claims amounted to 24.2 billion yuan, and personal insurance benefits amounted to 6.47 billion yuan.
Employee social insurance has made great progress. At the end of the year, 95 million workers nationwide participated in unemployment insurance; 89 million urban workers participated in basic pension insurance, and more than 21 million retirees participated in the social coordination of retirement expenses; more than 5 million workers participated in the coordination of medical care for major diseases, and more than 700,000 retirees participated in the coordination of medical expenses. Labor departments around the world have provided unemployment relief for more than 2.5 million unemployed workers.
VIII. Science and technology, education, culture and health, and sports
The scientific and technological workforce expanded. At the end of the year, state-owned enterprises and institutions*** had 27.85 million professional and technical personnel of all kinds, an increase of 4 percent over the end of the previous year. There are 5,856 state-owned independent research and development organizations above the county level, 2,550 scientific research organizations run by colleges and universities, and 14,400 scientific research organizations run by large and medium-sized industrial enterprises; 2.77 million people are engaged in scientific and technological activities, of whom 1.63 million are scientists and engineers.
Science and technology funding increased. Annual national science and technology institutions, colleges and universities and large and medium-sized industrial enterprises and other units for scientific and technological activities of 83.3 billion yuan, of which 28.6 billion yuan of research and development expenditures, equivalent to 0.5% of GDP, the same as the previous year.
The whole year, the country **** achieved 31,000 major scientific and technological achievements above the provincial and ministerial levels; 795 achievements were awarded by the state, including 131 national invention awards, 57 national natural science awards, and 607 national scientific and technological progress awards. The main scientific and technological achievements that directly serve the economic construction include: the successful development of China's own copyrighted large-scale software development environment - Blue Bird System and large-scale integrated circuit computer-aided design system - Panda System, built China's education and scientific research The demonstration project of China's education and scientific research computer network was completed and passed the acceptance, the large-scale digital program-controlled switching equipment developed independently began to be put into production, the computer-integrated manufacturing technology began to be applied in industrial production, and the world's first transgenic wheat resistant to the Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus was obtained. The number of domestic and foreign patent applications received was 83,000, and the number of authorized patents was 45,000, representing an increase of 6.8% and 4.1% respectively over the previous year. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) funded 4,131 scientific research projects with a funding amount of 510 million yuan. Key instruments and equipments of 23 national key laboratories were upgraded. Four national engineering research centers, 10 national industrial test bases and 40 national enterprise technology centers were newly built. Throughout the year, the state organization has completed 278 projects of technology development, new technology promotion, digestion and absorption, and industrial test projects, and completed the development of 300 major technical equipment and delivered them for use after appraisal and acceptance.
Quality testing, standardization and weather forecasting services improved. By the end of the year, the country *** have 5,000 product quality monitoring institutions, an increase of 2,000 over the previous year, the national quality inspection center 235, an increase of 1 over the previous year. Throughout the year, 1,320 national standards of various types were formulated and revised. The whole country **** established 2,035 transmitters of the ultra-short-wave weather warning service system, an increase of 188 over the previous year. The surveying and mapping department surveyed and drew 64,087 maps of various scales, and publicly published 970 kinds of maps.
The cooperation between enterprises and universities and scientific research institutions has seen new development. Throughout the year, 44,000 units participated in the cooperation among "industry, academia and research", 26,400 cooperative development projects were set up, and 404,000 people participated in them.
The technology market is booming. For the whole year, the country **** signed 220,000 technology contracts with a turnover of 26.8 billion yuan, an increase of 17% over the previous year.
Education of all kinds continued to develop. The layout adjustment of higher schools has achieved obvious results, with 1,054 ordinary colleges and universities and 1,156 adult colleges and universities at the end of the year, both of which were reduced from the previous year. The enrollment of higher education institutions developed steadily, with 926,000 students enrolled in ordinary colleges and universities, an increase of 26,000 over the previous year, and 2.906 million students enrolled; 914,000 students enrolled in adult colleges and universities (including 81,000 students enrolled in ordinary specialized classes of EJUs), a decrease of 103,000 over the previous year, and 2.57 million students enrolled (including 178,000 students enrolled in ordinary specialized classes of EJUs). The national enrollment of 51,100 postgraduates was basically the same as the previous year, and there were 145,000 postgraduates in school, an increase of 17,000 people.
The scale of secondary vocational education continued to expand. There were 9.394 million students enrolled in various types of secondary vocational schools (including 1.886 million students in technical schools), accounting for 56.8% of the 16.53 million students enrolled in senior high school.
New progress has been made in universalizing nine-year compulsory education. There are 47.28 million students enrolled in junior middle schools nationwide, with an enrollment rate of 78.4 percent, up 4.6 percentage points from the previous year; there are 131.95 million students enrolled in elementary school, with an enrollment rate of 98.5 percent of school-age children, up 0.1 percentage point from the previous year. The dropout rates for ordinary junior middle schools and elementary school were 3.95 per cent and 1.49 per cent respectively. The Hope Project has made encouraging progress. Throughout the year, it received a total of 253 million yuan in donations from home and abroad; subsidized 237,000 out-of-school children to return to school; and funded the construction of 1,325 hope elementary school.
Adult education of all kinds has made great progress. There were 2.429 million students enrolled in adult secondary specialized schools, and 76.98 million trainees in adult technical training schools; 2.88 million students graduated from adult secondary and elementary school; and 4.76 million illiterates were eradicated throughout the year***.
Cultural undertakings accelerated development. At the end of the year, there were 2,690 performing arts organizations, 2,890 cultural centers, 2,619 public *** libraries, 1,165 museums, 3,589 archives, 1,204 radio stations, 746 medium- and short-wave broadcasting transmitters and rebroadcasters, with a broadcasting population coverage rate of 78.7 percent, and 835 television stations, with 1,205 television transmitters and rebroadcasters of more than 1,000 watts, with a television population coverage rate of 84.4 percent. The population coverage rate of television is 84.4%. There are 94,000 movie projection units of all kinds. Throughout the year, 146 feature films were produced, 204 new films (feature-length) were released, and 16 films were awarded prizes at international film festivals. National and provincial newspapers published 18.1 billion copies, magazines of all kinds published 2.38 billion copies, and books published 6.26 billion copies (sheets) throughout the year.
Health undertakings further developed. At the end of the year, there were 2.836 million hospital beds nationwide, an increase of 0.2% over the previous year. Professional health technicians 4.257 million, an increase of 1.4%; of which 1.918 million doctors (including Chinese and Western physicians 1.455 million), an increase of 1.9%; nurse practitioners, nurses 1.126 million, an increase of 2.9%.
The achievements in sports are remarkable. In major competitions at home and abroad throughout the year, China's athletes won 102 world championships in 18 sports; 14 people and two teams set 13 world records 24 times, 16 people and four teams set 20 Asian records 32 times, and 56 people and 23 teams set 87 national records 137 times. More than 89 percent of schoolchildren have reached the National Standard for Physical Exercise, and the Outline of the National Fitness Program has been universally implemented throughout the country.
IX. Population, People's Life and Environmental Protection
Positive results have been achieved in controlling population growth. The annual birth rate was 17.12 per thousand, the death rate was 6.57 per thousand, and the natural growth rate was 10.55 per thousand. The national population at the end of the year was 121.21 million, an increase of 12.71 million over the previous year. Residents' income grew steadily. The per capita cost-of-living income of urban residents for the year was 3,893 yuan, an increase of 22.5% over the previous year, and after deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 4.9%. The per capita net income of rural residents was 1,578 yuan, an increase of 29 per cent, or 5.3 per cent in real terms after deducting price factors. However, the problem of unbalanced income growth between regions and between urban and rural areas is still prominent, and the real income level of some residents has declined.
Labor and employment developed steadily. By the end of the year, the number of various types of employment agencies had grown to more than 25,000, and 7.2 million people were newly employed in cities and towns throughout the year. At the end of the year, there were 186.2 million urban employees nationwide, an increase of 4.6 million over the previous year. Of these, 149 million were urban workers, an increase of 510,000; 19.6 million were urban private and individual workers, an increase of 4.03 million. Throughout the year, the implementation of re-employment projects helped 1.4 million long-term unemployed people and surplus workers of enterprises to be re-employed. At the end of the year, there were 5.2 million registered unemployed people in towns and cities, with a registered unemployment rate of 2.9 percent. Township and village enterprises employed 123.5 million people, an increase of 3.32 million. The number of private and individual workers in rural areas was 31 million, an increase of 2.33 million.
The wage level of workers continued to rise. For the whole year, the total wages of urban workers nationwide amounted to RMB 810 billion, an increase of 21.7% over the previous year; the average annual wage of workers was RMB 5,500, an increase of 21.2%, and after deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 3.8%.
Urban and rural living conditions continue to improve. In the past year, there were 330 million square meters of new houses built in cities and towns, and 650 million square meters of new houses built in rural areas.
Social welfare continued to develop. At the end of the year, there were 997,000 beds in various types of social welfare centers nationwide, and 767,000 people were adopted; 40.28 million urban and rural social relief recipients received state relief. A rural social security network has been set up in 33.2 percent of all towns and villages nationwide, and the social service network in towns and cities has also developed considerably, with 104,000 community service facilities of various kinds having been set up.
The cause of environmental protection has accelerated. At the end of the year, there were 88,000 people in the national environmental protection system***, with 2,184 environmental monitoring stations at all levels and 34,000 environmental monitoring personnel. There were 793 nature reserves nationwide, including 98 state-level nature reserves, with a total area of 71.72 million hectares, accounting for 7.2% of the total land area. The environmental legal system has been further strengthened. By the end of 1995, 362 national and industrial standards for environmental protection had been formulated and issued. Throughout the year, 4,397 environmental pollution control projects were completed, with a total investment of 3.65 billion yuan. Three hundred and twenty-two smog control zones were built in 530 cities nationwide, covering an area of 12,532 square kilometers, and 1,980 ambient noise compliance zones were built in 416 cities, covering an area of 5,144 square kilometers.
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Note: 1. The bulletin's various statistics are preliminary statistics, excluding Taiwan Province and Hong Kong and Macao regions;
2. The absolute figures of GDP and value-added of various industries in the bulletin are calculated at current prices, and the growth rates are calculated at comparable prices.
References: