Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy first adopted groove structure and X-ray localization. The patient suffered great pain and injury during the treatment and needed anesthesia before the operation. After that, the water bag structure appeared after improvement and quickly became the mainstream of the sand grinder. Shock wave sources can be roughly divided into three types: electro-hydraulic, electromagnetic and piezoelectric. The positioning system includes X-ray positioning, B-ultrasound positioning and dual positioning system with both X-ray and B-ultrasound. Focusing systems are divided into two categories: launch cup focusing and lens focusing. The appearance of water bag lithotriptor greatly reduced the pain and injury of patients. A. Drink more water, increase urine volume and exercise more after urinary calculi are crushed. Kidney calculi needs to take a certain posture to discharge stones, and can also cooperate with the application of stone-discharging drugs to facilitate the discharge of stones; B. Symptoms such as pain caused by stones blocking the ureter may occur during stone removal, and the attending doctor should be contacted in time for proper treatment; C. Regularly review and monitor the stone removal, and deal with those with poor curative effect in time, such as increasing adjuvant therapy or switching to surgery.