1. Emergency treatment: Immediately after occupational exposure occurs, emergency treatment measures should be taken, such as washing contaminated skin with soap solution and running water, flushing mucous membranes with saline, and treating wounds appropriately.
2. Reporting mechanism: report to the immediate superior, such as the head nurse, within 30 minutes, and subsequently to the Preventive Health Unit within 2 hours, especially when the source of exposure is an HIV-positive or suspected patient, which should be reported within 1 hour.
3. Assessment and determination: Healthcare providers should assess and determine the level of exposure and the viral load level of the exposure source.
4. Classification of exposure level: The level of occupational exposure to HIV is divided into three levels, which are determined according to the exposure situation and assessment results.
The main reasons for occupational exposure include the following:
1. Healthcare workers are a high-risk group for occupational exposure.
2, irregularities in daily operations, such as hands back on the needle cap, used sharps needles not put into the sharps box in time, and secondary sorting of needles.
3. Lack of self-prevention awareness, resulting in the failure to avoid avoidable occupational exposure.
4. Insufficient risk awareness, lack of foresight of high-risk factors in the workplace, inability to take preventive measures proactively in advance, and failure to implement the standard concept of prevention.
In summary, the treatment measures for occupational exposure involve a number of aspects such as emergency treatment, reporting mechanism, assessment and determination and follow-up, aiming to minimize the health impact of occupational exposure.
Legal basis:
Some Provisions on Occupational Exposure Protection for Medical and Health Personnel in the Xiamen Special Economic Zone
Article 5
Medical and health institutions shall establish a training and assessment system for occupational exposure protection, strengthen the training and assessment prior to and during the posting period, popularize the hazardous factors of occupational exposure, preventive and control measures, emergency response and disposal, and the reporting of exposures. Occupational exposure protection knowledge, technology, guidance, supervision of medical and health personnel to correctly use protective facilities and equipment and supplies, appliances.