In the computer is broken, the most important to master the repair skills but also know how to use good repair tools and software, then what are the repair repair tools and software? The following is my computer repair for you to organize the necessary tools and software, I hope to help you.
Computer repair essential tools software
First, learn to use the multimeter
The multimeter is an essential tool in the repair of computer failure. Multimeter can measure DC current, DC voltage, AC voltage and resistance, etc., the multimeter is divided into a variety of commonly used pointer multimeter and digital multimeter.
1. Pointer multimeter
Pointer multimeter is a multifunctional measuring instrument with the head as the core component. The measured value is read by the pointer of the head. Pointer multimeter gears are:
Marked with the mark is the scale used to measure resistance;
Marked with the mark of ?DCmA? is the scale used to measure DC current;
Marked with the mark of ?DCV? is the scale used to measure DC voltage;
Marked with the mark of ?ACV? is the scale used to measure the AC voltage;
Marked with the mark of ?ACV? is the scale used to measure AC voltage;
Marked with the mark of ?ACV? p> Marked with ?HFE? is the scale for measuring transistors;
Marked with ?LI? is the scale for measuring the current and voltage of the load;
Marked with ?DB? is the scale for measuring the level.
2. Digital multimeter
Digital multimeter in the multimeter below a conversion knob, the knob refers to the measurement of the gear. The stops of the digital multimeter are mainly:
?V~? indicates that the measurement of AC voltage gear;
?V-? indicates the stop for measuring DC voltage;
?A~? denotes the stop for measuring AC current;
?A-? denotes the block of measuring DC current;
denotes the block of measuring resistance;
?HFE? denotes the block of measuring transistor.
Second, learn to use the oscilloscope
Oscilloscope is the use of electronic oscilloscope characteristics, the human eye can not directly observe the alternating electrical signals into an image, displayed on a fluorescent screen in order to facilitate the measurement of electronic measuring instruments.
The main function of the oscilloscope is to observe and measure the waveform of the electrical signal, not only to observe the dynamic process of the electrical signal, but also to quantitatively measure the various parameters of the electrical signal, such as the period of the alternating current, amplitude, frequency, phase and so on. In addition, the oscilloscope can also be non-electrical signals into electrical signals, used to measure temperature, pressure, sound, heat and so on.
Third, learn to use the transistor illustrator
Transistor illustrator referred to as ? Graphic display meter? The main knobs and functions on the panel of the transistor characteristic icon meter are explained: DNJSB.COM
(1)? Voltage(V)/degree? Knob switch: This knob switch is used to select the variable represented by the X-axis of the graphic instrument and its multiplicity. When testing the output characteristic curve of the low-power transistor, the knob is set to the relevant block of "VCE". When measuring the input characteristic curve, the knob is placed in the relevant block of "VBE".
(2)? Current/degree? knob switch: This knob switch is used to select the variable of the Y-axis of the iconometer and its multiplication, when testing the output characteristic curve of the low power transistor, the knob is placed in the relevant block of the ?IC? When measuring the input characteristics, the knob is placed in the base current or base source voltage? (a block with a step waveform drawn on the instrument panel).
(3)? Peak voltage range? Switching and? Peak Voltage %? knobs: their ****same function is to control the ? collector sweep voltage? regardless of the ? peak voltage range? must be set at the beginning of the ? The peak voltage % must be set to 0 at the beginning, and then gradually and carefully set the peak voltage % to 0. placed in 0 position, and then gradually and carefully increased to a certain value, otherwise it is easy to damage the tube under test, a tube test is completed, the ? After a tube is tested, the % peak voltage? knob should be adjusted back to zero.
(4)? Power Limit Resistor? knob. The power limiting resistor is equivalent to the collector resistor in a transistor amplifier. Equivalent to the collector resistance in the transistor amplifier, it is connected in series between the collector of the transistor under test and the collector scanning voltage source, which is used to regulate the current flowing through the transistor, thus limiting the power consumption of the transistor under test, and when testing low-power transistors, the value of the resistor is generally selected to be 1k ohms.
(5)? Base Step Signal? Knob: This knob to the base plus periodic changes in the current signal, the size of the difference between each two step signal by ? Step Selection mA/step? to select. For convenience, 10?A/level is generally selected. The number of steps of the step signal in each cycle is selected by ? steps/cluster? to select, the number of steps per cluster of the step signal is actually the number of roots of the output characteristic curve that can be displayed on the graphic display.DNJSB.COM Share
(6)? Zero voltage? The first step in the process is to make sure that the output voltage is not too high. Zero current? switch: this switch is to control the measured transistor base state switch, when measuring the breakdown voltage and current of the tube, are required to make the base of the measured tube in the open circuit state. This switch can be set to ? Zero current? block (only when open circuit, can ensure that the current is 0). When measuring the breakdown current of a transistor, it is necessary to short-circuit the base and emitter of the tube under test, and this can be done by setting the switch to the ? Zero Voltage? block to realize.
Fourth, the correct use of soldering iron
Soldering iron is one of the indispensable tools for computer hardware repair, commonly used soldering iron has a hot soldering iron, hot soldering iron, thermostatic soldering iron, soldering iron, tin suction type soldering iron and so on:
(1) hot soldering iron: soldering iron head mounted inside the soldering iron iron core soldering iron is known as the external heat of the soldering iron. Its smaller, cheaper, longer service life. Soldering metal base plate or larger components, you can use 45W ~ 75W external hot soldering iron.
(2) endothermic soldering iron: soldering iron core mounted inside the head of the soldering iron, known as endothermic soldering iron. The heat utilization rate of its heating block is high, and the replacement of the iron head is also more convenient. Ordinary electronic production (such as welding printed circuit boards) are used 20W ~ 30W endothermic soldering iron.
(3) thermostatic soldering iron: in the soldering iron head, equipped with a magnet-type temperature controller, control of the energized time to achieve temperature control of the soldering iron, known as thermostatic soldering iron. As in the welding integrated circuits, transistors components, the temperature can not be too high, the welding time can not be too long, otherwise it will be due to the high temperature caused by the components of the damage, and therefore the temperature of the soldering iron to be limited. Thermostatic soldering iron is specifically designed for this requirement. Its price is naturally more expensive, the volume is also larger.
(4) tin-absorbing soldering iron: tin-absorbing soldering iron is a piston type tin absorber and soldering iron into one of the desoldering tools. General computer hardware repair are used 20W ~ 30W endothermic soldering iron. Of course, there is a 25W ~ 50W external heat soldering iron can be prepared.
Fifth, the correct use of hot air soldering station
Hot air soldering station is one of the important tools for the repair of electronic equipment. Hot air soldering station is mainly composed of air pumps, airflow stabilizers, linear circuit boards, handles and shells and other basic components, its main role is to desolder small chip components and chip integrated circuits.
Six, the correct use of tin sucker
When dismantling the components on the circuit board, the tin sucker is used to components on the solder sucked off, in order to facilitate the dismantling. Tin sucker is divided into two kinds of heat and no heat source.
Seven, the correct use of the programmer
Programmer is mainly used to modify the program in the read-only memory, the programmer is usually connected to the computer, and then with the use of programming software, in the maintenance, usually use the programmer to refresh the motherboard BIOS chip, graphics card BIOS chip, network card boot chip, EEPROM serial chip.
Eight, the correct use of fault diagnostic card
Fault diagnostic card working principle is to use the motherboard in the BIOS internal self-test program detection results, through the code one by one show up, so that you can quickly know which parts of the computer can not work properly, and then very quickly know the computer failure. In particular, the computer can not guide the operating system or black screen and other faults, the use of fault diagnosis card can be more reflected in its convenience.
Nine, the correct use of the resistance card
The resistance card is mainly used to measure the memory slot, PCI slot, PCI-E slot, AGP slot a variety of signals. As the metal contacts of these slots are in the groove, and there are more pins, it is not easy to observe, therefore, the resistor card is used to plug in the corresponding slot, and then measured in the resistor card. Playing resistive value card above will generally show the clock signal point, reset signal point, voltage signal point, address red line signal point, data line signal point, etc., easier to measure.
Tenth, the correct use of the CPU dummy load
Dummy load is mainly used to measure the CPU voltage at various points is normal, because in the process of repairing the motherboard if the CPU voltage is not normal, it may be burned out of the CPU, so in the inspection of the motherboard is generally used to check the dummy load at various points of the voltage, and only in the points of the voltage is normal to be able to install the CPU on the faulty motherboard. CPU. In addition to measuring the voltage at each point of the CPU, the dummy load can also be used to measure the CPU to the North Bridge chip or other channels of the 64 data lines and 32 address lines are normal.
Eleven, prepare the screwdriver
Screwdriver is often used in the maintenance of the tool, its type is more, the maintenance of commonly used screwdriver has a cross-shaped screwdriver and a screwdriver, maintenance of computers using the screwdriver is generally to use the screwdriver with a magnetic head, so that it is convenient to install small screws.
XII, prepare pliers
Maintenance of commonly used pliers are pointed pliers, duck-nosed pliers, peeling pliers and diagonal pliers, etc.,
(1) pointed pliers and duck-nosed pliers: their role is to use to dismantle, installation, adjustments, insertion and removal of jumper wires, correcting the deformation of the device and so on.
(2) peeling pliers: the role of peeling pliers is used to peel off the outer layer of the wire protective jacket skin.
(3) diagonal pliers: diagonal pliers are used to cut off useless pins or wires, etc..
Thirteen, ready tweezers
In picking up the hard disk, motherboard and optical drive jumper, because of its small size and limited space, the use of tweezers will become very easy. In addition, it can also be used to pick up small screws or jumpers that fall into the chassis.
Fourteen, ready to clean tools
Cleaning tools are mainly used to clean computer components (such as motherboards, etc.). As the computer is often contaminated with a lot of dust, and dust will corrode the circuit board, etc., so you need to regularly clean the dust.
Commonly used cleaning tools include the following:
1. Optical drive cleaning disk
Optical drive cleaning disk is used to clean the optical drive laser head. The laser head of the optical drive needs to be cleaned because dust on the laser head will reduce the ability of the optical drive to read disks.
2. CD-ROM Cleaning Paper and Cleaning Spray
CD-ROM Cleaning Paper and Cleaning Spray are mainly used to clean the CD-ROM, if in the process of using the CD-ROM, accidentally touching the CD-ROM's data surface with your hand, or the CD-ROM is covered with dust will make the CD-ROM not good enough to read.
3. Small brush
Small brush is specially designed to clean the motherboard and other circuit boards or components, the computer in the process of using a large amount of accumulated dust may make the motherboard, graphics card, memory and other parts of the work of the motherboard is not normal, then you need to use a small brush to clean the dust.
4. Cotton swabs
Cotton swabs are generally used to clean the dirt on components such as computer boards.
5. Eraser
Erasers are often used to clean the dirt on the gold fingers of components such as memory, graphics cards, etc.
6.
6. Balloons
Balloons are used to blow away dust from hardware.
XV, the preparation of tools, software and tools disk
In addition to the necessary hardware tools, in computer repair also need to prepare some software tools to complete some operations, including the following:
1. operating system installation CD-ROM or PE can also be an operating system installation CD-ROM is essential.
2. Drivers
These include drivers for devices such as motherboards, graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards, so that you can use the hardware properly after troubleshooting or reinstalling the system.
3. Antivirus software
Antivirus software is used for virus detection and removal to ensure that the system is running normally. There are many such programs, such as Tencent Computer Manager.
4. Maintenance tool software
This type of software is mainly used to maintain and optimize the system, such as Tencent Butler, 2345 Security Guard (which can protect your promotional homepage from being tampered with).
The common faults of the CPU and how to deal with them
1, the CPU temperature is too high to cause death
Trouble phenomenon: the computer in the start, running for a period of time will be slowed down, and often appear to cause death and automatic restart of the phenomenon.
Treatment: CPU in the exclusion of viruses and improper use of the cause, should check the CPU and memory. CPU performance is a common cause of crash, if the CPU temperature is too high will lead to crash or reboot phenomenon, you can consider the replacement of a good cooling fan, to solve the situation caused by the high temperature of the CPU.
2, thermal conductive silicone caused by the CPU temperature
Failure phenomenon: to make the CPU better heat dissipation, between the chip surface and heat sink coated with a lot of silicone, but the CPU temperature did not drop, but instead of rising.
Treatment: Silicone is used to enhance the cooling effect, the correct method is to apply a thin layer on the surface of the CPU chip, basically covering the chip can be. The more you paint it, the less it will be used for heat transfer, and the easier it is for the silicone to absorb the dust, the more the mixture of silicone and dust will greatly affect the heat dissipation.
3, boot chassis issued ? Chopping and rubbing? Collision sound
Failure phenomenon: the new assembly of a computer work all right, but often heard in the chassis? The problem is that the computer is not a good choice, but it is a good idea to use it. The sound of the chunks of the chunks of the chunks of the chunks of the computer.
Treatment: From the phenomenon analysis, it should be the CPU cooling fan in the rotation process touched the chassis data line. Open the chassis to the inside of the line to organize it
4, CPU overclocking led to the system blue screen
Failure phenomenon: CPU overclocking after the use of Windows system often blue screen phenomenon, can not close the normal program, only to restart the computer.
Treatment: The CPU's overclocking option parameters to the default value, such as the use of overclocking please slowly adjust to the appropriate value.
Preventing computer crash tips
1, CPU best not overclocked
Nowadays, CPU and graphics cards have a good overclocking performance due to the new process, chasing after high-frequency, overclocked CPUs has become a popular way to save money. However, just as you enjoy the high-speed work that overclocking brings you, crashes are silently threatening your computer.
Overclocking can cause system instability and even computer crash. This means that if you are using a PC with an overclocked system, you should be able to adjust the frequency of the overclocked system or restore it to its rated frequency to ensure that your PC is stable and ready to go.
2, hard to pull the hardware device to be careful
Hard to pull the hardware device to be careful operation, in order to prevent the board contact poor. Some friends frequently insert and remove the card, which most easily leads to poor contact between the card and the slot and the dead phenomenon. Be sure to plug in the CPU after replacing it. Some of the startup crashes are due to the CPU not being plugged in properly.
3, BIOS settings should be appropriate
In the many ways to reduce the computer crash, there is a word that will be frequently mentioned?BIOS? Although the BIOS optimization settings are advocated, the so-called optimization is relative, and sometimes the optimal settings will cause the startup or operation to crash.
If the BIOS is not set up correctly, you should immediately restore the BIOS to its factory default settings. In addition, before upgrading your motherboard or graphics card's BIOS, be sure to check that the version number of the BIOS you are upgrading matches the model number of your card, and it is recommended that you back up your original version just in case.
4. The software doesn't shut down until the end of the day
Don't shut down your computer until the end of the day when the software is not working properly, or it may cause damage to your system files and cause your computer to crash. In addition, when installing application software, it is best not to overwrite files when prompted. Usually the system files are the most stable, and the decision to overwrite a file cannot be made based on the order of time.
5, timely cleanup of chassis dust