Artificial organ: an artificial device that temporarily or permanently replaces the primary function of certain organs in the body
. Widely used: ① artificial lungs (oxygenator) simulation of the lungs for O2 and CO2 exchange device, through the oxygenator to make the body of low-oxygen venous blood oxygenation of arterial blood with high oxygen content; ② artificial heart (blood pump).
Replacement of the heart to drain the blood function of the device, the structure is similar to the pump, can drive the blood flow to overcome resistance along the unidirectional flow. Artificial heart and artificial lungs, known as artificial heart-lung machine, first used in 1953 for human beings, mainly for complex heart
dirty surgery; ③ artificial kidneys (blood
liquid dialyzer). It is an extracorporeal device that simulates the excretory function of the kidney and has been used in clinical practice since 1945. The artificial kidney consists of a dialyzer and dialysis fluid, and the core of the dialyzer is a semi-permeable membrane, which allows the passage of low molecular substances such as electrolytes,
glucose, water and other metabolic wastes (e.g., urea), etc., while blood cells, plasma proteins, bacteria, and viruses are not allowed to pass through it, so as to regulate the body's electrolyte, fluid, and acid-base balances, and to maintain the relative constancy of the internal environment.
The main
Mainly used in acute and chronic renal failure and acute drug and poison poisoning.
Development of implantable materials for medical devices
The medical device industry is a high-tech industry, involving pharmaceuticals, machinery, electronics, plastics and other industries, the production process is relatively complex, the threshold of entry is high, is one of the symbols of a country's manufacturing industry and the cutting-edge level of high-technology, and is one of the national key industries to encourage the development of the state in China. China Implantable Medical Devices Industry Production, Sales, Demand and Investment Forecast Analysis Report 2013-2017[1] In 2011, China has become the world's second largest medical device market after the United States. Implantable medical devices belong to the high-end products of Class III medical devices, which is an important product category in the medical device industry.
With the continuous development of China's implantable medical device industry, domestic implantable medical device enterprises have basically been able to produce low-end and part of the mid-end implantable medical devices, and made some progress in the field of biocompatibility of new materials research. However, the overall level of products is low, the phenomenon of homogenization is serious, China's tertiary hospitals in the middle and high-end device market is basically seized by multinational enterprises. Domestic implantable medical device manufacturers need to seize the opportunity of industry development, and continue to technological innovation.
Medical device implantable materials industry overview
Surgical implants is an important product category in the medical device industry, implantable medical devices is currently one of the most effective means of treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and orthopedic diseases. In recent years, China's implantable medical devices has entered a period of rapid development, in 2006 the total output value of domestic implantable medical devices is about 20 billion yuan, in 2009 the total output value of domestic implantable medical devices has reached 40 billion yuan, an annual growth rate of more than 30%. Due to China's large population base, according to industry associations, China's implantable medical device industry will reach an annual market size of 150 billion yuan in the next 10 years, becoming the world's second largest implantable medical device market after the United States.
With the continuous development of China's implantable medical device industry, domestic implantable medical device enterprises have basically been able to produce low-end and part of the mid-end implantable devices, and made some progress in the field of biocompatibility of new materials research; however, the overall level of the product is relatively low, the phenomenon of homogenization is serious, and the market of the medium- and high-end devices in the tertiary hospitals in China has basically been seized by multinational enterprises. [2] From the above table, we can see that malignant tumors, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, respiratory disease in the health hazards of the population and the death rate of the top ranking, implantable medical devices in these types of diseases are very widely used. In addition, in recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the rapid growth of demand for cosmetic surgery, a variety of medical aesthetic plastic surgery institutions are also growing rapidly, almost every hospital has a medical aesthetic plastic surgery, there are many private cosmetic surgery clinics, medical cosmetic market has great potential. The demand for implantable medical devices in cosmetic surgery is growing steadily year by year, and this market will be an important area of growth for implantable medical devices in the future.
Characteristics of artificial organs
Artificial organs can only simulate the most important functions necessary to maintain life of 1 to 2 kinds of replaced organs, and do not yet have all the natural functions and life phenomena of the original biological organs, but it broadens the way of disease treatment and increases the chances of patients to be rescued, and has been and continues to make more and more patients benefit. The Chinese-developed electronic laryngeal male weighs 20 grams, pronounced clearly, volume can be controlled, and male and female voices can be identified.
Examples of artificial organs
Artificial prosthetic limbs can lift about 22 kilograms of weight. The use of artificial kidney has become a routine treatment for patients with renal failure, acute renal failure after treatment with artificial kidney mortality has been reduced from 75% to less than 7%. At present, the development direction of artificial kidney development is to require its high dialysis performance, small size, can be worn or even implanted in the body. Buried artificial heart is gradually moving towards the clinical trial stage, at the end of 1982, the United States of America University of Utah Medical Center, Dr. DeVries for a 61-year-old retired dentist Clark placed the world's first permanent artificial heart, so that the patient lived for 112 days.
People have now made artificial organs such as hearts, skin, bones, kidneys, livers, lungs, larynxes, and eyes