(2) The contribution of non-farm income has increased, but the difference between regions is obvious. 2005 non-farm income of farmers and herdsmen in Hohhot, Baobao, Ezhou and Baobao reached 1,750 yuan, 2,042 yuan, 1,981 yuan, and 829 yuan, an increase of 580 yuan, 1,125 yuan, 1,268 yuan, and 565 yuan, respectively, compared with that in 2001, contributing 28% of the growth of five-year farmers' and herdsmen's income, respectively. Contribution to the five-year farmers and herdsmen's income growth rate of 28%, 43.5%, 54%, 33%, respectively, than the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period have greater growth, but compared with the national average (65%), there is still a gap. In addition, from the point of view of the development of non-agricultural economy in the four cities, showing an imbalanced state. 2005 Hohhot, Bao, Ordos, Ba four cities of non-agricultural income accounted for the proportion of net income were 37.8%, 43%, 43.7%, 19.4%, compared with 2001 Ordos, Bayannur, Baotou City, an increase of 11 percent, 10 percent and 7.9 percent, Hohhot City, a decline of 7.9 percentage points. percentage points.
(3) Wage income is the main source of non-agricultural income increase, the development of secondary and tertiary industries in rural and pastoral areas is very weak. 2005 Hohhot, Baotou, Ezhou and Baotou city farmers and herdsmen's wage income of 1,047 yuan, 1,018 yuan, 1,365 yuan, 463 yuan, an increase of 378 yuan, 590 yuan, 883 yuan, 243 yuan over 2001, in addition to Bameng the farmers and herdsmen of the other three cities to receive The wage income of farmers and herdsmen in the three cities except Bameng exceeded the average level of the whole region, and the wage income of farmers and herdsmen in Ordos City exceeded the average level of the whole country. The proportion of wage income to non-farm income has reached more than 50%, and more than 60% in Ordos City, and wage income is the main source of non-farm income increase. At the same time, the proportion of income from secondary and tertiary industries to non-farm income is below 15%, contributing little to the growth of farmers' and herdsmen's income.
It can be seen that at present, the development of non-farm economy in western Inner Mongolia is mainly based on the export of human resources to obtain labor income, and the real operating non-farm income is very little, and the development of non-farm economy is still at a relatively low level.
Second, the main factors affecting the growth of non-farm income in Inner Mongolia
(a) the industrial structure of the serious agro-pastoralization. Inner Mongolia per capita arable land of 8.3 acres, the country's per capita arable land of three times; per capita grass pasture 122 acres, ranking first in the country. Agricultural and animal husbandry resources have a comparative advantage, an industry with high comparative efficiency. The research of the four cities in the primary industry income are absolutely dominant, non-agricultural and animal husbandry income accounted for only 19% to 43%. Although the proportion of income from primary industry in Bayannur City has been decreasing year by year, it was still as high as 81% in 2005, and the main source of income is still the primary industry, especially plantation. Even in Ordos City, where industrialization is faster, farmers and herdsmen still have nearly 60% of income from the primary industry, and the proportion of non-agricultural income is still 16 percentage points lower than the national average. Due to the rapid development of dairy farming in Hohhot in recent years, the proportion of the income of farmers and herdsmen in the primary industry has also risen considerably. The heavily agrarian industrial structure shows that the development of non-agricultural industries in rural Inner Mongolia lags far behind the national average.
(ii) the relative lagging behind of ideological concepts. Agricultural and animal husbandry resources bring another problem is that farmers and herdsmen small rich is peace of mind is y rooted. In the promotion of non-agricultural industrial management process, some grass-roots leaders on the agricultural grasp of agriculture, for the development of secondary and tertiary industries in the ideological awareness is not enough, some areas of farmers and herdsmen to go out to work is not highly motivated. Bayannur City, Linhe District, Baiyin Brain Pack Town, emerging village farmers Liu Jinniu that life now "pork is not wrong to eat, not wrong to drink wine, the days go by smoothly," "son out of worry, daughter out of worry," as well as to stay around.
(3) Rural secondary and tertiary industry development financing difficulties. Inner Mongolia county economic development is slow, the development of rural secondary and tertiary industries to drive the role is very limited. The lack of potato processing enterprises in the area of Baotou Guyang County, commodity potatoes are all fresh potatoes transported out of the county, the county Jinshan Township, Hongyawan village farmers only fresh potatoes freight than in the local sales of more than 90 million dollars in expenditure. At the same time, the development of rural pastoral areas two or three industries are plagued by financing difficulties and other problems, not only the development and expansion of difficulties, some survival has become a problem. Ordos Dongsheng District's immigrant villages and Bayannur City, Linhe District, Baiyin Brain Bao Town, entrepreneurial plans of farmers and herdsmen are reflected in the loan can not be loaned, the loan has no channel; the state set up a business loan is only given to the city laid-off workers, and farmers and herdsmen in the field of secondary and tertiary industries or into the city to start their own business can not enjoy the loan. In addition, the legal operation of the rural pastoral areas of mobile small traders and hawkers, in addition to other provisions of the State, exempted from industrial and commercial registration and the collection of relevant taxes and fees and other preferential policies have not been fully implemented, and some places are still charging management fees.
(4) the rural labor force transfer basic work backward, out of the low degree of organization, into the city of work environment still needs to be improved. The organization and leadership system, information system, and rights protection system for rural migrant workers have not been fully established, and 70% of the rural migrant workers rely on their own initiative, with the government's organizational functions not in place. The children of farmers and herdsmen go to school, and their pension and medical insurance have not yet been incorporated into the overall scope of the cities where they work. Hohhot Saihan District, double tree village villagers said that after the transfer to the city, the pension insurance premiums paid and the original city residents as much, but receive pension insurance less than 200 yuan, the original city residents is 650 yuan per month, they can only receive 418 yuan. In Saihan District, the children of working villagers of UAE nationality in Daitaish cannot enjoy the "two exemptions and one subsidy" in education. For the city to build buildings for the people of the UAE, working for more than ten years can not buy a set of local housing, can only rent a southern room to live. In Beijing and other foreign cities, farmers and herdsmen working in other cities or return to their hometowns when the pension insurance, medical insurance provident fund account can not follow the transfer of social security fund management needs to be further improved.
(E) vocational and technical education and training in rural pastoral areas is lagging behind. Many of the region's vocational and technical schools have been merged into ordinary schools, the existing vocational and technical schools vocational education funding is insufficient, poor conditions of operation, lack of teachers, laboratories, practical training sites, teaching instruments and equipment appropriate to the profession, the cost of running the school is higher, it is difficult to meet the teaching requirements. Ordos city flag counties and districts in previous years education reform to vocational and technical schools are incorporated into ordinary high schools, resulting in the flag counties and districts do not have a secondary vocational and technical schools; and the accelerated pace of industrialization so that the Ordos skilled labor shortage has increased greatly, the other three cities also varying degrees of the existence of a similar situation. Four cities in rural pastoral areas, a considerable part of the middle and high school dropouts back to rural pastoral farming, increasing the number of farmers and herdsmen, the need for social attention to strengthen employment training, but at present, in addition to Ordos, this part of the new farmers and herdsmen of vocational and technical education and training has not been made effective arrangements.
At present, the amount of national subsidies for the transfer training of farmers and herdsmen is small and the standard is low, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of effective training for farmers and herdsmen. Due to the weak self-financing ability of farmers and herdsmen, and most of the flag counties and districts did not arrange for the transfer of training supporting funds, per person 300 yuan of subsidies is just a drop in the bucket, can only carry out some guidance and simple types of training, it is difficult to organize and carry out the orders according to the market demand, the skills of the high demand for training, resulting in training of poor quality, the benefits are not obvious. According to the Hohhot City Education Bureau estimates, in 2006, the City Education Bureau directly under the six secondary vocational schools in school students living in rural students pay tuition, living expenses of about 3,900 yuan per person per year, and in 2006, the State and autonomous regions to fund secondary vocational schools for students from poor families with a maximum of 1,000 yuan per student grants. The "Sunshine Project" only has a state subsidy of 300 yuan for a period of 15 days to three months, which is simply not enough to meet the need to master the skills of employment. The four cities have not been able to call the phenomenon of students, some 15 days of training, half of the time, half of the people left, the quality of training greatly reduced.
Additionally, training resources are scattered, the training project about farmers and herdsmen scattered in science and technology, education, labor and employment, poverty alleviation, agriculture and animal husbandry and other departments, the four cities called for the integration of farmers and herdsmen training resources.
Three, effectively increase non-farm income countermeasures
Continue to adhere to the autonomous region since the seventh and eighth Party Congress formed a strategic thinking, to solve the problem of agriculture and animal husbandry in non-farm animal husbandry industry, to solve the problem of rural and pastoral areas in accelerating the promotion of urbanization on the effort to solve the problem of farmers and herdsmen to reduce the population of agriculture and animal husbandry and the transfer of farmers and herdsmen on the effort to solve the problem of agriculture and herdsmen. Fully utilize the results of the Second Agricultural Census, and formulate development plans and make scientific decisions on this basis. Thoroughly mapping out the employment structure of the labor force in rural and pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, the industrial structure and income structure of farmers and herdsmen, investment intentions and other home base. From the survey, effectively increase the non-agricultural pastoral income of farmers and herdsmen in Inner Mongolia.
(A) continue to promote the industrialization of agriculture and animal husbandry, industrialization, urbanization, "three" interactive strategy to broaden the farmers and herdsmen to increase income channels.
One is to accelerate the process of industrialization of rural pastoral areas. To promote the industrialization of rural pastoral areas as a key task in the next five years, and strive to improve the proportion of rural pastoral labor force employment in two or three industries, improve the proportion of two or three industries in the rural pastoral economy, improve the proportion of two or three industries in the income of farmers and herdsmen, accelerate the process of promoting the industrialization of rural pastoral areas. Emphasis is being placed on the development of agricultural and livestock product processing industries, service industries and labor-intensive enterprises. The development of comprehensive supporting policies and measures, so that the development of secondary and tertiary industries in rural and pastoral areas have planning, goals, priorities, measures, inspections and assessments, and included in the assessment indicators of the work of governments at all levels in rural and pastoral areas.
The second is to develop the county economy as the focus, accelerate the process of urbanization. The county economy as the most important carrier and platform layout planning rural pastoral economy to drive the most direct growth in farmers and herdsmen's incomes. The non-agricultural pastoral industry as a focus of county economic development. Focusing on the transfer of rural pastoral labor and income, around the needs of the labor market, targeted to strengthen the transfer of farmers and herdsmen training, the development of labor-intensive industries, to create conditions for the transfer of rural pastoral population. Rational zoning of agricultural and animal husbandry resources, the implementation of prohibited development zones within the rural pastoral population transfer.
Third, vigorously promote the industrialization of agriculture and animal husbandry. Bayannur City and Hohhot City, the industrialization of agriculture and animal husbandry development practice has proved that the leading enterprises driven by an industry has a strong vitality. Bayannur City in 2005, an industry to farmers and herdsmen to bring income exceeded the national average income level of farmers, reaching about 3400 yuan; Hohhot City, an industry to farmers and herdsmen to bring the income of nearly 3,000 yuan, credit in industrialization. Through the development of rural pillar industries and leading products, drive the development of related industries, industrial advantages and product advantages into farmers' employment opportunities and income channels.
(2) vigorously improve the employment environment for urban farmers and herdsmen, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and herdsmen workers, broaden the channels of labor employment, the development of the labor economy, and effectively increase the income of farmers and herdsmen workers. Specific preferential policies for the transfer of the rural pastoral population should be formulated, so that the transferred rural pastoral population can reduce the cost of living in the city and enjoy the same treatment as urban residents in all aspects of life, employment, housing, social security, and schooling and childcare for their children. It has comprehensively issued opinions on strengthening departmental coordination, tasked the Office of Rural and Pastoral Workers with introducing policies, and taken the lead in overseeing the implementation of existing policies on the work of rural and pastoral workers: the State Council's Opinions on Solving the Problem of Rural Migrant Workers (Guofa [2006] No. 5) and other 18 policy documents and accompanying measures, implemented by the Office of Labor Security of the autonomous region; the "Guidelines on the Further Cleaning Up and Cancellation of Policies Targeting Rural Notice on Further Cleaning Up and Eliminating Discriminatory Provisions and Unreasonable Charges for Farmers' Cross-Regional Employment and Work in Cities" (Development and Reform Price [2004] No. 1405) and two other policy documents and supporting measures, and "Opinions on the Implementation of the Education System on the Opinions of the State Council on the Settlement of the Problems of Rural Migrant Workers" (Teaching and Vocational Training [2006] No. 6) and two other policy documents and supporting measures, which are implemented by the Department of Science and Technology of the Autonomous Region, Three policy documents and supporting measures, such as "Notice on the Implementation of the Requirements on Scientific and Technological Training and Industrial Development in the Opinions of the State Council on Solving the Problems of Migrant Workers>" (State Science Office of Agriculture and Social Affairs [2006] No. 26), implemented by the Department of Science and Technology of the autonomous region, and "Notice on the Provision of Legal Services and Legal Aid for the Settlement of Issues of Arrears of Payments for Works and Salaries of Migrant Workers in the Construction Field" (Sifa Guiding Opinions of the People's Bank of China on Improving and Strengthening Financial Services for Migrant Workers" (Yinfa [2006] No. 287) and other two policy documents and supporting measures, the autonomous region's Bureau of Industry and Commerce to implement the "on the implementation of the & lt; the State Council on the solution of the problem of rural migrant workers of a number of views & gt; notice" (industry and commerce word [2006] No. 75) and other policy documents and supporting measures, autonomous regions, and the production of the "production of the production of the production of the production of the supervision of the Bureau of Safety Supervision. Production Safety Supervision Bureau of the implementation of the "production and management unit safety training provisions" (State Administration of Work Safety Decree No. 3) and other four policy documents and supporting measures, the regional Youth League Committee to implement the "to further strengthen and improve the ideological and moral construction of minors of a number of opinions" (in the [2004] No. 8), and other policy documents and supporting measures. Evaluation of the status of implementation, improve the supporting convergence, to create a good overall atmosphere for farmers and herdsmen workers to work.
The Department of Education and the Department of Finance to study the solution to the education "two exemptions and one subsidy" to cover the farmers and herdsmen in the city and in the village of farmers and herdsmen in the same policy approach and increase the investment in educational resources, so that children of farmers and herdsmen can afford to go to school. The Bureau of Social Security and the Department of Finance should study policy measures to address the inclusion of steadily employed farmers and herders in the social security coverage of the towns in which they are employed, while at the same time allowing them to retain and participate in the new type of cooperative medical insurance and pension insurance for the rural pastoral areas in which they are domiciled. The Department of Construction and the Development and Reform Commission and the Department of Finance are to study and resolve the problem of building suitable housing for farmers and herdsmen. The Office of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Workers and the Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry shall, in accordance with the law, safeguard the right of rural and pastoral workers who have entered the cities for work to contract and operate land. Actively develop the labor economy, and effectively increase the income of farmers and herdsmen working.
(3) to strengthen the farmers and herdsmen vocational and technical education and training, training new farmers and herdsmen.
To grasp the vocational education in rural pastoral areas, changing the pursuit of further education as the main goal to the pursuit of employment as the main goal. Expand the scale of vocational education, set up practical professional courses, so that students can systematically master practical skills, and can be employed as soon as possible after graduation.
Increase investment in vocational and technical education for farmers and herdsmen, and raise the standard of vocational education subsidies. Suggested that the household registration in rural pastoral areas, to participate in the college entrance examination of junior and senior high school students who have failed to send all the vocational and technical schools to school, so that they will have the future to enter the town to engage in the skills of the two or three industries, the tuition by the government to pay for the bill. According to the results of many researches conducted by the Poverty Alleviation Office of the Autonomous Region, the training of a skilled worker who is recognized by the market and can be employed requires a minimum investment of 1000-1500 yuan. On the basis of 300 yuan subsidy from the state, Erdos expands the subsidy of Project Sunshine by 600 yuan from city and flag county levels to 900 yuan per person. It is suggested that the autonomous region increase the subsidy by another 300 yuan, so that the subsidy for transfer training reaches 1,200 yuan per person in places with conditions.
Integration of educational resources, make full use of existing educational resources, private schools into the national education; will be scattered in the existing resources for the training of farmers and herdsmen in various departments to integrate the use of synergies, to establish a joint meeting system for the training of farmers and herdsmen workers, so that the training of farmers and herdsmen workers have the organization, institutions, funding, places, and guarantees.
(4) Deepen the reform of the rural and pastoral management system, the development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry, and fully tap the potential for income generation within the agricultural and animal husbandry industry. Inner Mongolia farmers and herdsmen per capita possession of arable land, grass pastures and other agricultural and animal husbandry resources have a greater relative advantage, even if the realization of more than the national average per capita net income of farmers, in the country's agricultural policy support, the primary industry is still the future of a considerable period of time in Inner Mongolia farmers and herdsmen to increase income of the main channel and the most realistic choice. To stabilize and improve the family contract management system on the basis of the law to promote the transfer of land, grass and pasture contract management rights, and promote large-scale operation of agriculture and animal husbandry; vigorously develop farmers and herdsmen professional cooperative organizations, improve the degree of organization of agricultural and animal husbandry production and management; and actively promote the advancement of science and technology in agriculture and animal husbandry, improve the rate of contribution of science and technology, and strive to improve the level of agricultural and animal husbandry mechanization, and improve the efficiency of agricultural and animal husbandry production. Fully tap the advantages of Inner Mongolia's agricultural and animal husbandry resources and income-generating potential within the agricultural and animal husbandry industry, the development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry, and the construction of a new socialist countryside and new pastoral areas.
(5) uncompromising implementation of the country's various agricultural policies, increase policy support and financial support for agriculture and animal husbandry; effectively solve the problem of farmers and herdsmen to set up secondary and tertiary industry financing difficulties; accelerate the transformation of county and township government function reforms, in order to improve the farmers and herdsmen non-agricultural and animal husbandry income to create a favorable environment. To uncompromisingly implement the expropriation of land compensation policy for farmers and herdsmen, increase subsidies for returning farmland to forests, food subsidies, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and subsidies for good seeds, to control the increase in the price of agricultural means of production, regulate the market for agricultural means of production, and prevent the burden of farmers and herdsmen from bouncing back to the implementation of the policies of the rural areas without dead ends, and to increase the policy of the farmers and herdsmen and property-based income.
Autonomous region financial to take out a certain amount of funds for farmers and herdsmen to set up two or three industries, rural and pastoral processing of agricultural and livestock products, the circulation of small and medium-sized subsidized loans, and promote their development and growth, for farmers and herdsmen to increase non-agricultural income to expand channels.
After the county and township financial reform, the core task is to change government functions, the township government is no longer responsible for tax tasks, but to put the main focus on providing services for farmers and herdsmen to increase their income and wealth, and to improve the non-farming pastoral income of farmers and herdsmen to create a favorable environment for development.