(A) the increasing amount of garbage, mixed collection and transportation of serious pollution
In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the people's living standards continue to improve, the production of garbage has also increased dramatically. It is understood that the daily production of garbage in Guangzhou in about 15,000 tons, only the central city of the daily production of garbage reached 10,000 tons, and also at an annual rate of 8% -10% growth. At the same time, the traditional mixed collection and transportation of the crude treatment mode not only waste of waste in the useful components, but also increase the difficulty of waste resources, harmless, resulting in a huge waste of human and material resources and land resources.
(2) garbage classification benefit is obvious, civilized city inevitable requirements
City living garbage classification collection is the basic work of the construction of the cityscape, but also the embodiment of a city's civilization and development level. According to the results of the U.S. environmental experts Nebel research, ninety percent of the living garbage are recyclable, which indicates that the garbage contains a huge wealth. The implementation of garbage classification is not only the way to promote the process of resourcefulness, to realize the reduction, harmlessness and resourcefulness of garbage, and to explore the potential benefits of garbage resources, but also an inevitable requirement for Guangzhou to build a national civilized city and a national sanitary city.
(3) Inadequate awareness of residents' classification and regulations have become obstacles to garbage classification
Firstly, there is a lack of classification infrastructure, and residents' awareness of classification is not high. As people's living standards improve, the composition of household garbage tends to be complex, and if the classification is too rough, it will be difficult to guide people to distinguish the types of garbage, which will bring inconvenience to garbage disposal. At present, most garbage cans are divided into two categories: recyclable garbage and non-recyclable garbage, and there is a general problem of unclear or missing classification guide legends, and many places have not yet set up four types of garbage cans in accordance with classification requirements. Garbage collection stations, means of transportation and treatment equipment are also lacking in number and backwardly equipped, which have become stumbling blocks on the way to garbage classification. In addition, garbage classification also requires residents to have a more systematic and comprehensive knowledge of classification, and only in this way can garbage be truly separated and recycled. At present, the public's awareness of classification and collection is not high, that it is more troublesome to set up a number of garbage cans at home, the participation of public interest environmental protection organizations to stay in the stage of publicity and education, volunteers play a role in the channel is not open enough, which is a major obstacle to carry out the work of garbage classification.
Secondly, policies and regulations are not sound, and full industrialization has not yet been realized. The relevant system is not sound, resulting in the behavior of garbage classification and disposal is not very binding. The state has promulgated the "Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law", "urban amenities and environmental sanitation regulations" and other laws and regulations, but most of the provisions related to the management of domestic waste is biased in the garbage sweeping, collection, transportation, disposal and related management, very little involved in the classification of garbage recycling, and it is difficult to effectively urge residents to carry out the classification of domestic garbage work. At the same time, garbage recycling treatment can only develop in the long run by forming an industrialized chain of transportation, classification and its resourceful output. At present, the transportation of garbage from the community to the garbage treatment station does not have a high degree of separation and recycling and resourceization. Many people who make a living by purchasing waste products make a living by selling resource waste to recycling companies, indirectly promoting the work of waste classification, but the lack of government-led promotion and effective guidance, is not a real sense of waste classification and recyclers, classification has not formed a complete system.
Two, garbage points, Guangzhou beauty very much
(a) garbage classification district pilot first, step by step to improve public participation
Guangzhou City, the city will be divided into urban household waste recyclables, kitchen waste, hazardous waste, other garbage, four categories, but the public to develop the habit of classification can not be achieved overnight, and now the use of the media, the network, "Xiguan hut" and other carriers, based on units and communities and other grass-roots front line, to the masses of extensive and in-depth publicity classification of knowledge, so that the operation of garbage classification is a household name, the formation of a "government-led, universal participation, the media attention" a good situation. For the public, the beginning does not need to buy their own garbage sorting collection containers, but as long as the dry and wet garbage can be separated by the sanitation workers to carry out secondary sorting. This is to follow the "easy before difficult, step by step, step by step" principle, not only conducive to the subsequent reclassification and recycling, but also improve the public's participation in the enthusiasm and autonomy.
Recently, Guangzhou held the city's waste classification mobilization and deployment of the General Assembly, the official launch of the classification of garbage, and in some districts in the pilot household garbage "garbage fee per bag measurement charges" mode. Residents of the pilot district every day to get the government to distribute free of charge 2 special garbage bags: 1 food waste bags, 1 other garbage bags, are printed with tamper-evident signs, the capacity of 10 liters to 14 liters between, with different colors to distinguish. If there is a lot of garbage and the free garbage bags are not enough, the public has to pay for the special garbage bags, the unit price is about 1 yuan. Guangzhou's new policy on garbage classification is borrowed from the experience of Taipei, the main essence of which is the use of "garbage fees collected with the bag" as an economic lever, the more garbage discharged by households, the more they pay, and vice versa, pay less. At present, each household in Guangzhou City, residents need to pay 15 yuan per month of sanitation fees, including 10 yuan of sanitation and transportation fees and 5 yuan of garbage disposal fees. During the pilot period, the pilot area residents pay the same way, the incentive to return part of the financial subsidies, the initial program for the monthly quota of garbage bags left over each reward 0.5 yuan, subsidized by the government to the property, the property and then decide to return the form. Pilot if the city in Guangzhou to promote, consider the abolition of 15 yuan sanitation fee.
In Guangzhou City, the first "garbage does not fall" pilot district - South Huaxi Street, Dehe New Community, 8:00 p.m. can not see the garbage cans, but only put flowers to decorate the streets and alleys. Every day 11 to 12:30 and 6 to 8 p.m. for the garbage disposal time, the community will ring "Let's Swing Oars Song" music, sanitation workers driving a battery car loaded with garbage cans to arrive, remove the shelves on the pots of flowers, the green food waste cans and gray other garbage cans on the flower rack, residents will begin to put garbage, the whole time by the sanitation workers in the side of the guidance and supervision to help the residents correctly classified garbage. The sanitation workers guided and supervised the whole process, helping the residents to correctly categorize and put out the garbage. About an hour later, the sanitation workers returned to the planter, removed the trash cans filled with garbage, and put the potted flowers back on the planter. For the convenience of residents who can't catch the garbage trucks because they get off work late, the community removes the decorative flowers placed in the collection container holders from 8:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. the next morning, and puts up garbage cans for residents to put out their garbage. Every weekend, sanitation workers drive battery-operated vehicles and play "Small Town Stories" music to remind residents to take out recyclable and hazardous waste. At the same time, the street in order to encourage residents to correctly classify, but also after residents correctly put garbage, from the sanitation workers in the "support for garbage classification register" on a stamp, accumulating a full of 30 will be able to go to the neighborhood committee in exchange for a package of biodegradable garbage bags, effectively stimulate the classification of the residents' enthusiasm.
(2) Summarize the pilot experience, the advanced results of the gradual promotion
At present, Guangzhou City, the classification of garbage can be based on the "pilot first, typical lead the way to take the lead, point to take the lead, and gradually promote" the idea of carrying out. Guangzhou City, Haizhu District in the jurisdiction of 101 farmers market, 154 primary and secondary schools and 24 party and government agencies to carry out simultaneous work of waste classification, in which the South Huaxi Street, De and new communities in the city's districts to take the lead in the trial of "garbage does not fall to the ground", and the completion of the community food waste treatment station, mobilizing residents to participate in the classification of garbage recycling, the results are beginning to show. For example, in order to realize the reduction of garbage, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, has formulated and issued a special payment program for garbage classification, according to the classification of the amount of each street and the reduction of garbage, take the form of awards instead of allocations, the implementation of differentiated allocation of garbage classification of special funds, to further improve the street on the garbage classification of the work of the importance of the degree of and to promote the strength of the solution to the "garbage around the city! The "garbage around the city" escort. According to statistics, in 2011, the total amount of garbage in Haizhu District decreased by 35,636 tons, a reduction of 6.01%; food waste sorting amounted to 8,440 tons, accounting for 1.5% of the total amount of garbage; Nanhuaxi Street, food waste sorting rate of more than 30%.
The classification of garbage is a systematic project, which not only needs the exploration and research of the sanitation department, but also needs the support and participation of the whole society. Garbage classification is a heavy task and a long way to go, but also the mission of Guangzhou after the Asian Games, after the creation of the era of culture. Garbage sealing the city, breakthrough is imminent. Garbage classification collection and treatment can not be delayed, we need all the citizens to take active action, planned, step by step to promote the classification of garbage recycling and disposal work, in order to achieve the goal of "garbage points, the beauty of Guangzhou ten points".
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(Responsibility Editor: Huang Li)