I. Preparation of project profile
In the preparation of project construction bidding documents, the purpose of the project profile narrative is to help potential bidders understand the project. The main content includes the name of the bidder, project name, location, scale, geological features, climatic conditions, site conditions, engineering conditions (structure type, building structure form and number, number of floors, the main building content, requirements for the surrounding environment, design standards), pre-construction preparations and geological information.
The technical requirements of the industrial construction project profile should be described in more detail and clear, such as seepage resistance, fire prevention, temperature resistance, the special requirements of the automatic control system and the process used, the equipment installed. Some industrial construction projects, more structures, such as a variety of pools, underground passageways, chimneys, towers, furnaces, etc., the technical requirements of special, complex, generally should be set out in accordance with the special requirements of each unit of work.
After providing a complete set of design drawings or construction drawings and provide a bill of quantities, the project profile can be written more briefly, but to write the project situation, geological features, climatic conditions, building scale, characteristics, so that the bidders can basically in the project profile of the project in the general situation. Bidding documents on sale, in addition to sending potential bidders a full set of construction drawings, such as ports, wharves, bridges and other special projects, should also be attached to the project near the sea map and construction site engineering area situation map.
Two, the bidding qualification validation
Bidder qualification is generally issued in the tender notice and pre-qualification announcement clearly stipulated in the tender without pre-qualification bidding projects in the bidding documents should also indicate the tender qualifications of the bidder's qualifications and qualification review procedures and methods.
The examination of the qualifications of the bidders and the requirements for qualification level shall be based on the industry, the type of project, the scale of the project, the form of structure, the complexity and difficulty of the degree of work, the duration of the project, the quality of the project shall be finalized. Enterprises should be familiar with the conditions of qualification level and business scope of each construction enterprise formulated by the competent department of construction administration, according to the category of the project (area or volume), the degree of complexity and difficulty (structural complexity, steel structure, large span, towering, complex installation of electromechanical equipment), the duration of the requirements, the quality of the sub-parts of the requirements (such as seepage resistance, heat resistance, radiation protection, seismic, etc.), the harsh conditions of the construction (high temperatures, site narrowing, sand, large Water and production cross, etc.) and other elements of comprehensive consideration, *** with the determination of suitable for this project construction enterprise qualification level to meet the needs of the project.
For the bidder's qualification level requirements, it should be separated into construction general contracting qualification, or specialized contracting qualification, depending on its coverage of the interspersed situation. The level grade should not be set too high so as not to exclude the potential bidders who have the strength and economy, or the bidders are not enough for the legal number of bids to be opened, not to mention that it should not contain discriminatory conditions and be set according to the individual's intention.
The preparation of bidding documents or pre-qualification documents for the qualification of the bidders, generally follow the principle of looking at the construction of general contracting, and then look at the specialty contracting, and then look at other ministries, associations issued, try to take into account the full picture. The name and level of each contracting qualification must be written accurately, no error, so as not to cause unnecessary disputes.
Set the qualification requirements to piggyback on the pre-qualification: if the number of bidders is not much when the "standard pre-qualification documents" in the requirements of the "qualified system" can be validated, if you consider that too many bidders, the pre-qualification documents should be published in the method of comparison of qualifications (scoring method), in accordance with the "standard pre-qualification documents" of the "limited number of system". The "limited number of system" can be.
Three, site visits and tender preparatory meeting
First of all, should be set out in the bidding documents, "pre-bidding meeting" and "site visits" time, place of assembly and whether or not the bidders to bring their own vehicles and so on. In accordance with the time and place specified in the bidding documents, the organization by the design unit and all potential bidders to purchase bidding documents to participate in the "pre-bidding meeting" and "on-site survey".
For ease of operation and save everyone's time and cost, "pre-bid meeting" and "on-site survey" is best organized together, and in the bidding documents set out the procedures and time and attention, etc.. "Pre-bid meeting" and "site visit" is completed by four steps:
1, the organization of pre-bid meeting, project introduction
2, site visit, site conditions
3, face-to-face questioning and clarification meeting
4, the general meeting, the general meeting, the general meeting, the general meeting and clarification meeting
4, the general meeting, the general meeting, the general meeting and clarification meeting
4, the general meeting minutes, the issuance of Q&A documents
Note: the process of site visit, the introducer should be introduced to the site conditions of the potential bidders can be heard, to avoid a question on the one to give only one to explain, causing misunderstandings.
Four, subcontracting
The bidding is most likely to be negligent is subcontracting. Often encountered in the construction bidding documents do not explain the scope of subcontracting and requirements, and the bidders are smart not to remind, in the signing and implementation of the contract is too much of a headache.
So, from pre-qualification to bidding and tendering should be clear in advance of subcontracting, the scope of the division of good, and the subcontractor's qualification requirements in advance in the qualification review clearly. If there is no determination of whether or not to subcontract at the time of the qualification examination and when subcontracting is really necessary for the construction of the project, it should be clearly written in the bidding documents prepared. The Standard Document in the general provisions of the instructions to bidders to leave a subcontracting is necessary, and expressly subcontracting is non-main, non-critical work, and account for the restrictions, so that it is not easy to omit.
Fifth, the project payment and settlement
1. The use of advance payment of project advance. To specify the amount of advance, the proportion of the method of deducting back one by one, according to the monthly progress of the image measurement payment.
2. Do not use the advance payment of project preparation (not advocated), can be measured and paid monthly according to the progress of the project, progressive price payment settlement.
3. That is, advance payment of project preparation, but also according to the image of the progress of payment.
Whatever method is used, a certain percentage of the project should be retained as a warranty (civil engineering, installation 3-5%; equipment 5-10%), and according to the national provisions of the warranty years back and payment, marked in the contract special provisions, the amount can not be too large.
Construction unit shall pay the advance payment for the project, and require the construction unit to submit a performance guarantee and advance payment guarantee, the "Standard Document" provides a performance guarantee format and advance payment guarantee format, the past has been customary to apply by the bidders in the bidding on the provision of their own account issued by the bank of the letter of guarantee method, but instead of bidding to provide the bidder signed the guarantee method, reducing the construction enterprise's Bidding burden.
Sixth, the duration
Construction period should be determined on the basis of the duration of the quota and completion of the need to provide a reasonable period of time. From a practical point of view to consider the winter and rainy seasons, holidays, and even to consider the wheat harvest, fall harvest during the duration of the measures. Each single project each other work, some urgent, some work period is more generous, all need to be treated differently. Advance schedule, should consider the cost of measures to catch up, advance schedule and delayed schedule to have a reward and punishment. Determine the duration of consultation with the bidder, the bidding agency should be the gatekeeper.
VII, construction contract terms
Contract specific terms are important elements of bidding. Construction bidding documents set out in the main conditions of the contract is the two sides signed the contract, generally not allowed to change. Tender documents in the contract terms are unilaterally entered into by the bidder, forcing the bidder to agree to participate in the bidding, that is, by the offerer (the bidder or the contractor in the contract) to the offeree (the bidder or the contractor in the contract) to issue an offer, and once the selected bidder, the tender documents in the contract conditions become the offeree's "promise ", legally binding.
Engineering construction bidding is not like other project bidding, it is in the bidding documents by the bidder to develop and set out the special conditions of the contract, the routine generally does not allow deviation, if the bidder does not agree with the terms of the contract in the bidding, the likelihood of winning the bid is basically zero (except for the changes in the signing of the contract after winning the bid).
Contract conditions in the more important content are:
1. Contract documents and the order of interpretation: the preparation of tender documents contract part, generally pay more attention to the general terms, special terms, agreement, warranty, security commitments, performance bonds and other contract documents, and often ignored constitute the other contents of the contract documents, and thus ignored the order of priority in the interpretation of its contract documents. It is not until a contractual dispute really occurs that the order of interpretation is found to be too important. The Standard Documents set out the order of precedence in the General Conditions of Contract, which cannot be changed.
2. Obligations of the Contractor and the Contractor: The Contractor and the Contractor should also set out in detail the obligations of both parties in the special conditions of contract. For example: pre-construction site conditions should be borne by the contractor part: water, electricity interface; road opening time; underground pipeline information; level and coordinate control points, etc.. Contractor's part: drilling and exploratory excavation; adjacent buildings, structures, cultural relics, safety protection; traffic, sanitation, noise management; subcontracting and subcontracting; material storage and use; completion of cleanup. There are also elements that both parties **** undertake together: risk loss of both parties; insurance; patents; temporary facilities, etc. Should be carefully prepared in accordance with the relevant state requirements and construction industry regulations.
3. Delay: should be divided into the contractor's reasons for delay and responsibility, or the contractor's reasons and responsibility. General terms of the delay conditions have been in the "standard documents" contract, special provisions also need to be set out in the contracting authority caused by the reasons of the construction period after the contractor has the right to request an extension of the number of days, and / or increase the cost, and by the contractor should be paid by a reasonable profit; contractor causes delay, late completion of the liquidated damages calculation method. The payment of liquidated damages stated in the General Terms and Conditions also does not relieve the Contractor of the obligation to complete the work and repair defects.
4. Acceptance methods and standards: acceptance of the implementation of national standards and / or the ministry of the industry standards, should be set out in the acceptance of time and methods.
5. Quality, safety, environmental protection and energy saving: this is a requirement of the national environment, and should be signed separately in the contract, or the bidder is required to submit a written commitment in the bidding documents.
6. Measurement and payment: measurement and payment is the bidding and tendering parties to pay more attention to the content, and the bidding documents contained in the offer is closely related to the bidder's offer has an extremely important impact, and in the special conditions need to be agreed upon in advance of the contents of more. Which need to pay attention to:
①Whether the price adjustment? How to adjust? Should be stated in the contract;
② advance payment of the project, the amount of payment (generally according to the proportion of the total contract price of the project), the way of credit;
③ progress payment of the confirmation of the amount of work;
④ payment of the progress of the time and the proportion of the progress payment;
⑤ proportion of the warranty and the payment of the time and method;
⑥ other conditions that should be determined in special conditions of the contract.
Completion settlement and final settlement shall be carried out in accordance with the general terms and conditions except for the period agreed in the special contract terms and conditions.
Bidders buying tender documents are generally asked: how to pay for the project? Thus, to understand the project construction funds, so this part of the contract must be written clearly.
7. The supply of materials and equipment: housing enterprises are responsible for the supply of materials, engineering equipment should be written in the special contract terms and conditions of the name, specifications, quantity, unit price and total price as well as the difference in price of the material, the time of supply, mode of supply, delivery location, etc., and agree on the cost of transportation, storage and acceptance, and to share the responsibility.
Which, Party A for materials, for materials, for equipment should be done form attached to the contract behind the special terms, expressed clearly. Such as equipment provided by Party A, its responsibility for the installation work should be clear, who will do the installation work, how the turnkey service fee is credited.
8. Claims for breach of contract: claims for breach of contract should include: various reasons for delay; the use of unqualified materials, equipment caused by the demolition of the project; defects repair; delay in the payment of the contractor's works; the two sides of the reasons for breach of contract caused by the termination of the termination or resumption of work after the costs caused by. Claims for breach of contract should be divided into the responsibility of both the contractor and the contractor, and should not only provide for the contractor and exempt the responsibility of the contractor. Claims should be written in the special provisions of the specific amount, the way of deduction and the number of days of deferred work, etc..
9. Other: special provisions of the contract and design changes in the special agreement, the submission of the time and amount of the bond, insurance, dispute resolution, acceptance and settlement, safe construction, quality assurance, environmental protection and energy conservation, construction organization design, drawings and so on.
Eight, the bill of quantities
The bill of quantities should be prepared by the bidder with the ability to prepare tender documents, or by the intermediary organization entrusted with the appropriate qualifications. The real estate companies shall check carefully against the construction drawings, and the bidders shall carefully review the quantity of work based on the drawings. If any errors are found, all qualified potential bidders shall be notified within the statutory time limit. Bidding documents in the bill of quantities offer description should be written in detail and expressed completely and clearly, such as the provisional amount, provisional price, day labor, etc., should also take into account the specifications do not contain special items, the special requirements of the bidders, as well as the method of pricing, etc..
General bidding project physical quantity and unit price, in the contract there are the following two ways to deal with:
1. real quantity real calculation. Allowed to adjust after construction, according to the actual amount of work done, but the unit price is not adjusted. That is customarily referred to as: adjusting the amount of not adjusting the price.
2. A package. Physical volume and unit price are not adjusted. In addition to the reasons for the design changes, all do not adjust.
Nine, offer
Quote is the most sensitive part of the bidder and the bidder, is also the bidding activities of the "core" part.
Project construction drawings have been issued in full, to provide the bill of quantities, in the bill of quantities in the calculation rules, the use of units of measurement, provisional amount, provisional valuation of subheads and quantities. There are also generally two ways to quote:
①The bidding price is fixed. The winning bid is fixed, not due to market prices, policy adjustments caused by changes and changes, such as changes in the main terms of the contract. Applicable to simple housing construction, write clear settlement.
②Tender price is adjustable. The winning bid is only the price of the plan, due to market prices, policy adjustments caused by changes and changes.
The above ①, ② two methods of engineering bidding is often used. At present, the domestic bidding list pricing, quotation for the fixed unit price, and its unit price is divided into "material unit price" and "comprehensive unit price". Generally should be stipulated in the bidding documents quantity calculation rules and reference to the relevant quota pricing.
Using the "unit price of materials" offer, according to the corresponding quantity calculation rules and quotas and other pricing basis for calculating the offer, the bidder in the offer of the unit price and price, as well as the price in the bidding price summary table include the completion of the project's cost, profit, tax, management fees, technical measures, large-scale machinery entry and exit fees, risk fees, fees stipulated in policy documents and all other costs.
Using the "comprehensive unit price" offer should be based on the bidders to provide the bill of quantities listed in the project items and quantities of work to fill in the unit price and the total price. Only one quotation is allowed for each item. Items for which the bidder has not entered a unit price or lump sum price will be deemed to be included in the unit price or lump sum price of the other priced items. The unit price and lump sum price quoted in the bill of quantities with bidding price and the price in the summary table of bidding price include all the costs of completing the project, including cost, profit, tax, management fee, technical measures, large-scale machinery in and out of the cost, risk fee, and the costs stipulated in the policy documents.
The above ①, ② two quotation methods, in the project settlement method should be listed in the settlement formula.
There is also a "cost plus honorarium" mode, "Standard Document" does not provide for the use. That is, the actual cost of the project that is the direct cost of the project, plus the two sides agreed to measures, overhead, profit, taxes to the contractor to pay for the work of a contract.
This pricing method is mainly applicable to the project before the start of the contents of the project is not yet very clear, such as the side of the design and construction of emergency projects, or suffered from earthquakes, fires, and other disasters after the destruction of the project needs to be repaired. The use of "cost plus honorarium" requires the approval of the supervisory body, is not within the scope of this trial.
Ten, bid evaluation method
Bid evaluation method is the bidding activities in the process of the "key link". Bid evaluation methods directly affect the quality of the bidding activities can select the ideal bidder that bidding results. The bid evaluation method in the state seven ministries and commissions in the Decree No. 12, Article 29 states that "the bid evaluation methods, including the evaluation of the lowest bid method, the comprehensive assessment method or other methods of bid evaluation permitted by laws and regulations". The Standard Document provides for two methods of bid evaluation: the evaluated lowest bid method and the comprehensive evaluation method. In fact, there are these two methods are already enough, the other methods are just the evolution of these two methods in the program, much the same.
The factors and criteria for evaluation have been set out in the "standard documents", while the quantitative criteria and scoring criteria need to be based on the construction works of the consultation and preparation, fill in the evaluation method of "before the schedule".
Eleven, reference materials
The preparation of construction bidding documents, should also prepare a detailed set of reference materials and bidding documents and drawings for sale at the same time, the construction of its project status and site conditions to make a detailed description of the project.
In engineering construction, site conditions refers to the construction of engineering construction in the construction site before the construction of the conditions, these conditions have a direct impact on the construction organization design and specific construction, but also has a direct impact on the project price and project cost.
References in the site conditions including natural conditions, hydrogeological surveys and economic conditions, the document should be detailed, so that bidders are familiar with the construction environment, reasonable consideration of the risk of the preparation of the construction organization design can be well thought out, and reasonable price. Generally speaking, the site conditions, including natural conditions, economic conditions, environmental conditions, living and welfare conditions, and other information that the bidder believes that need to be provided.
The bidding unit in the purchase of tender documents should be carried out on-site inspection, detailed understanding and investigation of these conditions provided in the reference materials, as the preparation of the construction organization design and quotation based.
Large-scale special project bidding, project conditions such as the project has been marked in the project profile, and then in the reference materials to explain in detail. Project construction bidding, the bidder should also provide detailed survey information in the reference material, there is no detailed survey should at least provide the initial survey information.
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