National standard GB7665-87 definition of the sensor is: "can feel the prescribed measurement and in accordance with certain laws (mathematical function law) into a usable signal device or device, usually by the sensitive components and conversion elements.
The sensor is a detection device, can feel the measured information, and can feel the information, according to certain laws, transformed into electrical signals or other required forms of information output to meet the information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control requirements. The characteristics of the sensor include: miniaturization, digitalization, intelligence, multifunctionality, systematization and networking. Usually according to the basic sensing function of the sensor is divided into heat-sensitive components, light-sensitive components, gas-sensitive components, force-sensitive components, magnetic components, moisture-sensitive components, acoustic components, radiation-sensitive components, color-sensitive components and taste-sensitive components and other ten categories.
Two, the principle of the sensor
The working principle of the sensor is through the sensitive components and conversion components of the specific measured signal, according to certain laws into a certain "available signal" and output to meet the information transmission, processing, recording, display and control requirements. Sensors can feel such as force, temperature, light, sound, chemical composition and other physical quantities, and can be converted into voltage, current and other electrical quantities in accordance with certain laws, or converted to the circuit on and off. Generally consists of sensitive components and conversion components. Sensors are the primary link to realize automatic detection and automatic control. The existence and development of sensors, so that the object has a sense of touch, taste and smell and other senses, so that the object slowly become alive.
Three, what are the applications of sensors
Sensors have long been penetrated into areas such as industrial production, cosmic development, marine exploration, environmental protection, resource surveys, medical diagnosis, bio-engineering, and even cultural relics protection, and so on, extremely extensive. It is no exaggeration to say that, from the vastness of space, to the vastness of the ocean, as well as a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every modernization project, are inseparable from a variety of sensors.
1, in the use of intelligent agriculture
Because of the special nature of the environment, most of the agricultural projects are carried out in the field, corrective action is very inconvenient, the labor cost is very high, so the stability of the sensor data requirements are very high, the smart sensors are the most effective kind of sensor.
2, in the application of industrial automation
In modern industrial production, especially in the automated production process, to use a variety of sensors to monitor and control the various parameters of the production process, so that the equipment works in a normal state or the best state, and make the product to achieve the best quality. It can be said that without good intelligent sensors, industrial automation can not be talked about.
3, in the application of robotics
Today's robots have a human-like limbs and sensory functions, a certain degree of intelligence, flexible action programs, in the work of human manipulation can not rely on all the sensors, sensors are robots to perceive the outside world is an important helper.
4, in the application of intelligent medical
With the development of intelligent sensors, medical intelligent sensors as the five senses to pick up vital signs information, its role is increasingly significant, and widely used. For example, in image processing, clinical chemical testing, guardianship monitoring of vital signs parameters, respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment, etc., the role of intelligent sensors is irreplaceable, and in the future it will be almost ubiquitous in modern medical instrumentation.
5, in the application of intelligent home appliances
Smart home is a major trend in the future, and smart home appliances will be a must-have product for many families, smart sensors can be applied to many home appliances in the future, such as TV dramas, fans, air conditioning, washing machines, drying machines, refrigerators, closets, etc., which is the realization of the basic devices for the exchange of people and home appliances is the basis for the Internet of Things.
It can be seen that the sensor technology in the development of the economy, promote social progress in the important role, is very obvious. Countries around the world have attached great importance to the development of this field. I believe that in the near future, sensor technology will appear a leap, to reach a new level commensurate with its important position.