The "China Talent Report" released by the Chinese Academy of Personnel Sciences predicts that the talent gap in my country's tertiary industry, which is the service industry, is expected to reach 3.25 million people, and will be the sector that expands the most jobs. It is now estimated that Analyze and introduce popular employment majors such as civil aviation, machinery, materials, actuarial science, and nursing or related majors:
Civil aviation transportation? The sky of dreams is not far away
Industry Current Situation
At the National Civil Aviation Work Conference, Yang Yuanyuan, director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, proposed that by 2020, my country’s civil aviation will achieve the strategic goal of becoming a powerful country. According to the strategic goal of developing a civil aviation power, the first two decades of this century are an important period for the development of my country's civil aviation, and the hosting of the 2008 Beijing Olympics is a critical period for the launch of the strategic goal of building a civil aviation power. In the next few years, more and more international passengers will fly in and out of major airports in China, and the volume of air transportation business will increase significantly.
With the rapid development of my country’s civil aviation industry, the demand for my country’s civil aviation talents has also begun to expand simultaneously. At present, the average man-machine ratio in international civil aviation is 100:1, while the average man-machine ratio in my country's civil aviation industry is 200:1. This means that based on international civil aviation levels alone, my country will need at least 240,000 civil aviation talents in the next 20 years. Statistics show that by the end of 2007, the total number of scheduled flight routes opened by China's civil aviation was nearly 1,400. The population in the civil aviation service area accounted for 61% of the country's population, and the economic activity accounted for 82% of the country's total. China's civil aviation has formed a domestic air transport network that extends in all directions, combining trunk lines and branch lines, and connecting major countries and regions in the world. With such a huge shipping network, we look forward to recruiting more professional and skilled talents.
Employment prospects
You can understand the focus of training in civil aviation majors from the literal meaning. The air traffic management major cultivates professional basic knowledge and skills in civil aviation air traffic control technology, and can be engaged in High-level technical application professionals working in the field of civil aviation traffic control; the flight attendant major focuses on proficiency in domestic and foreign aviation service business, and can master the professional skills learned; have a high level of English (forum), unity and coordination ability and flexible adaptability Capable flight attendants and flight attendants. The cultivation of professional talents has promoted the stable and rapid development of civil aviation majors.
The beautiful and dashing stewardess and stewardess have always had an enviable halo. Judging from the development in recent years, the demand for talents in the industry has not diminished. Especially with China's accession to the WTO and Shanghai's successful bid to host the World Expo, the reorganized civil aviation industry has entered a second period of rapid development, with the number of aircraft increasing sharply.
Take the flight attendant service major as an example. In recent years, the number of flight attendants has greatly expanded, and graduates of this major have become even more popular, with demand exceeding supply. When recruiting, airlines have strict requirements on vision, height, and body shape. In addition, being responsible, disciplined, conscientious, and committed are now more valued by employers. One concept that needs to be corrected is that "stewardess" is not a career that only depends on youth. It has a lot of room for career development and promotion. After graduates join the job, after several years of experience accumulation, they can be promoted from ordinary cabin on domestic routes to first class, and then enter international routes, from short-haul to long-haul? From a job perspective, they can also start as a flight attendant and gradually be promoted to flight attendant , chief flight attendant, etc. The hiring preference of airlines has largely changed from the concept of "only academic qualifications". Although talents with a bachelor's degree or above are highly adaptable, their stability is poor and they will change jobs after a short period of time. From the perspective of stability, domestic airlines prefer higher vocational graduates, who are more suitable for the quality requirements of the modern service industry.
Includes majors
Civil aviation transportation majors are higher vocational college majors, which involve civil aviation transportation, flight attendants, aviation services, aviation special vehicle maintenance, air traffic management, flight attendants, flight Technology, civil aviation business, aviation communication technology, air traffic management, flight manufacturing technology, aviation electromechanical equipment maintenance, civil aviation safety technology management and other majors.
Schools established
Schools offering civil aviation transportation majors include Beijing Normal University, China Civil Aviation Management Institute, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, etc. . Take the flight attendant major as an example. Universities offering this major include China Civil Aviation Flight University, Shanghai Jiao Tong Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Normal University, etc.
Universities offering civil aviation safety technology management majors include the Civil Aviation University of China, Guangzhou Civil Aviation Vocational and Technical College, etc.
Machinery? Hidden and hidden? Employment boss?
When it comes to mechanical majors, everyone can’t help but think of being covered in oil in a factory and holding cold, hard iron in their hands. As a result, many workers are afraid of mechanical majors and turn to some popular majors. It is not until three or four years later that mechanical majors become the most popular in the market. Only then did I regret it. Current status of the industry
Relevant experts said that my country's large-scale industries have gradually recovered in recent years, and society's demand for talents proficient in modern mechanical design and management is gradually increasing, such as those from the School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering of Beijing Jiaotong University. The employment rate has remained above 90% in recent years, and the structure and location of students' primary employment are very good. In the future, there will still be a large demand for mechanical talents. CNC talents with development capabilities will become the target of competition for various enterprises. The supply-demand ratio of mechanical design, manufacturing and processing professionals has also been very high in recent years.
Employment prospects
Mechanical majors mainly include mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, material forming and control engineering, industrial design, process equipment and control engineering, etc. Many students have misunderstandings about the employment prospects of this type of major, and think that the corresponding jobs in this type of major do not look "respectable". In fact, they all ignore the broad adaptability of mechanical majors, such as their application in equipment maintenance, CNC repair, environmental protection equipment design and other fields. At the same time, mechanical majors also involve many interdisciplinary subjects. The accumulation of this knowledge also provides a strong guarantee for cross-professional and cross-industry employment. This major requires students to have keen sensibility, unique creativity, imagination, and strong hands-on ability.
In fact, not all mechanical majors just deal with hard machines. For example, the industrial design major is a mechanical major related to art. ?What is industrial design? ?Some people think that industrial design is simple packaging. In fact, it is not the case. Industrial design is a profession that plans, designs, and continuously innovates modern industrial products, product structures, and industrial structures. It is the core process of transforming scientific research and technological achievements into products to form commodities that meet demand and is beneficial to environmental protection. It is the landing point for technological innovation and knowledge innovation, and it is a systematic method for the mutual transformation of products, commodities, supplies, and waste products. This major is to cultivate applied senior professionals who have the basic theory, knowledge and application ability of industrial design and can engage in industrial product modeling design, visual communication design, environmental design, teaching, and scientific research in enterprises, institutions, professional design departments, and scientific research units. Talent. It is not easy to quantify how much industrial design plays in the value of a product, because it is embedded in it and is a soft value. There are some similar examples abroad. For example, there is a saying in the United States: If an enterprise's investment in updating technological equipment brings benefits, the benefits brought by industrial design will be five times that. In this way, the important status of industrial designers is self-evident.
Another example is material forming and control engineering, which is an engineering technology major that integrates materials, machinery, control, computers and other disciplines. It mainly studies metallic materials, non-metallic materials, superconducting materials, microelectronic materials and special materials. Molding equipment and processes for functional materials, automation and intelligent control of the molding process, quality testing and reliability evaluation, etc. With the wide application of various new materials in various industries, and the industrial structure adjustment of my country's new materials industry is closely related to the development of new materials forming equipment technologies, it is necessary to have both material science knowledge and master the design of material forming equipment. The demand for advanced scientific and technological talents in manufacturing and manufacturing technology will increase.
Process equipment and control engineering is an interdisciplinary major integrating mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, control engineering and other disciplines. It emphasizes using computer applications as a platform to closely integrate technology, equipment and control, focusing on the design, development and application of complete sets of process equipment and control technologies such as valve sealing, cryogenics and refrigeration, and pressure vessels. Students majoring in process equipment and control engineering have received formal mechatronics training and have knowledge in various aspects such as mechanical design, electronic control and management. They are sought-after talents in enterprises and research institutions.
Including majors
Majors under the mechanical category include mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, material forming and control engineering, vehicle engineering, mechanical and electronic engineering, automotive service engineering, manufacturing automation and measurement and control Technology, MEMS engineering, manufacturing engineering, industrial design, process equipment and control engineering, etc.
Schools opened
Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Xi'an Jiaotong University and other institutions all offer mechanical majors. Taking the industrial design major as an example, the institutions that offer it include Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chongqing University, Southeast University, etc.; the institutions that offer the mechanical design, manufacturing and automation major include Wuhan University of Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, etc.
Actuarial science? The new favorite in employment? Diamond collar?
While people are still working tirelessly to become white-collar workers, some people have jumped into the ranks of gold-collar workers. When some people are proud of being in the ranks of gold-collar workers, At that time, some people had already taken the lead and stepped into the ranks of diamond leaders.
Actuary is a profession recognized as a "diamond collar", with an annual salary of more than one million yuan abroad and a monthly salary of tens of thousands of yuan in China. At present, actuaries are the focus of competition among major domestic insurance companies. According to the relevant person in charge of the Actuarial Department of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, there are currently only more than a hundred actuaries in our country. As foreign insurance companies enter China, our country is in urgent need of 5,000 actuarial talents in the next five years.
Industry Status
Actuarial science is a science that quantitatively analyzes and handles various risks and other objective matters faced by human society. It has been widely used in many fields such as insurance, finance, investment and various risk management, especially in the fields of insurance and social security, and has become an indispensable science and technology. With the establishment of our country and the reform and development of the insurance and social security systems, the objective demand for actuarial talents has emerged. Actuaries are professionals who use actuarial methods and techniques to solve economic problems. Their traditional work field is the commercial insurance industry, and they are mainly engaged in important work such as product development, liability reserve accounting, profit analysis, and dynamic solvency testing. With the development and application of actuarial science, the work areas of actuaries have gradually expanded to social insurance, investment, population analysis, economic forecasting and other fields.
Employment prospects
At present, the number of actuarial talents graduating from colleges and universities every year is far from meeting the market demand. Actuaries are elites in the insurance industry. They are senior talents in the insurance industry who integrate mathematics, statistics, economics, investment and other knowledge. In short, actuaries deal with "future uncertainty" and their purpose is to provide Provide basis for financial decisions. A qualified actuary should not only have solid actuarial knowledge, but more importantly, must be familiar with the insurance regulations of the insurance market as well as knowledge in insurance-related taxation, accounting, investment and other fields. Of course, employment opportunities for actuaries are not limited to insurance companies. For newcomers, accounting firms, investment companies, banks, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and other institutions all need actuaries to join. In insurance companies, actuaries also have many professional fields to choose from, covering life insurance, property insurance, group insurance and investment.
However, I would like to remind the many young people who want to join the actuarial industry that if you want to become a diamond collar, you must pay a corresponding price and be mentally prepared to resist pressure and start from scratch. Actuarial work is like a race against time. Superiors ask questions in the morning and require answers in the afternoon. These decisions are often decision-making issues that require taking significant risks. Therefore, actuaries must not only make decisions quickly but also accurately. Actuarial work is not something everyone can do. People who like stability and are unwilling to change are not suitable to be actuaries, and it is also quite difficult to obtain the actuary qualification certificate.
Opening a College
It should be noted here that there is no actuarial major in the national general college major catalog. The related undergraduate major is insurance, which has relatively high requirements in economics and mathematics. , some schools have an actuarial direction under the insurance major, such as Hunan University, which has actuarial science in postgraduate majors related to actuarial science.
Nursing? Angels spreading love
Someone left a message on the Chinese Nurse Online saying: Human life is limited. I don’t know how much I can do. After experiencing many life and death, Finally I realized, cherish it. I will keep going no matter how difficult it is. ?A responsible and caring nurse is an angel in the eyes of patients.
Industry Status
The nursing major has been listed as a national talent shortage major by six ministries including the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health, and has been given key support. The statistics of health human resources of various member countries of the World Health Organization show that many countries are in short supply of nursing talents. In our country, the number of nurses is far from enough, and the ratio of doctors to nurses is seriously imbalanced. According to the requirements of the Ministry of Health, the ratio of doctors and nurses in our country's hospitals is 1:2, and the ratio of doctors and nurses in important departments should be 1:4. The current national doctor-to-nurse ratio of 1:0.61 is far from meeting the requirements of the Ministry of Health. It is far from the international level of 1:2.7, and even further from the 1:8.5 ratio in developed countries. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health, the number of nurses coming to our country will increase to 2.323 million, with an average annual net increase of 115,000, which provides a broad employment space for graduates studying nursing.
Employment prospects
With the surge in demand for nursing staff in the international medical market, the phenomenon of "nurse shortage" has become increasingly prominent in the medical circles of various countries. In the next 10 years, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, Japan and other countries around the world will be in urgent need of 2 million nursing talents, and international human resources companies have set their sights on China. The worldwide shortage of nursing talent resources has created more opportunities for our country's nursing staff to go abroad and find employment in the international market. Industry experts said that the nursing profession has always been one of the professions with higher status and rich salaries in the world. For example, the average annual salary of nurses in the United States is US$50,000, but the United States is short of 300,000 nurses. In Australia, it is easiest for nurses to find a job or get promoted. At the same time, as long as you have the qualification of an Australian registered nurse, you are equivalent to getting a "green card" leading to work in a Commonwealth country. Western developed countries such as Britain, France, and Germany have many preferential policies for nurses. Therefore, nurses with profound professional knowledge, high overall quality and fluent international communication language have broad prospects for international employment and development.
Furthermore, as my country transforms into an aging society, talents engaged in geriatric medicine will be in demand in the future, and health care physicians and family nurses will also become popular talents. In recent years, my country's population age structure has shown an aging change, but the family structure has shown a trend of miniaturization. With the improvement of people's living standards, the disease spectrum of the population has changed, and the demand for chronic disease care has increased. While people pay attention to physical and mental health, their awareness of disease prevention and self-care has also been increasing. Community medical care work is facing rare challenges. opportunities.
At present, many hospitals in large and medium-sized cities in China have foreign-related outpatient clinics, and some joint venture hospitals and foreign hospitals have mushroomed in Beijing, Shanghai and other places. Therefore, if nursing talents have professional knowledge in nursing, nursing interpersonal communication, nursing etiquette, etc., as well as certain foreign language skills, then the employment options will be broader, and they can engage in foreign-related medical and nursing services and international technical cooperation in China. communication and data transfer, etc.
Opening institutions
China Union Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Sun Yat-sen Medical University, Suzhou University, etc.