1, power transmission: power transmission requires a large number of highly conductive copper consumption, mainly used for power Shen. Line cable, busbar, transformers, switches, plug components and couplings.
2, motor manufacturing: in motor manufacturing, the extensive use of high conductivity and high strength copper alloy. The main copper parts are stator, rotor and shaft head.
3, communication cables: Since the 80's, due to the fiber optic cable current-carrying capacity and other advantages, in the communication trunk lines continue to replace the copper cable, and the rapid spread of application. However, the conversion of electrical energy into light energy, as well as input user lines still need to use a lot of copper. With the development of the communications business, people rely more and more on communications, the demand for both fiber optic cables and copper wires will continue to increase.
4, residential electrical wiring
5, electric vacuum devices :Electric vacuum devices are mainly high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency transmitter tubes, waveguides, magnetrons, etc., they need high-purity oxygen-free copper and diffusion-enhanced oxygen-free copper.
6, printed circuits: copper printed circuits, copper foil as a surface, pasted on a plastic plate as a support; photographic method of circuit wiring diagram printed on the copper plate; through the etching of the excess part of the removal and leave the interconnection of the circuit. Then, punch holes in the printed circuit board at the connections with the outside, insert the connectors of discrete components or other parts of the terminals, soldered to this opening, so that a complete circuit is assembled.
7, integrated circuits
8, lead frame: copper alloy is inexpensive, high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, processing performance, pin welding and corrosion resistance is excellent, through the alloying can be controlled within a wide range of properties, to better meet the performance requirements of the lead frame, has become an important material for the lead frame. It is currently the largest amount of copper in microelectronic devices in a material.
9, the energy industry: the use of solar energy should also use many copper tubes. For example: a hotel near London, England, a swimming pool, equipped with a solar heater, in the summer can keep the water temperature at 18 ~ 24 ℃. The solar heater contains 784 pounds (3 56 kilograms) of copper tubing.
10, the petrochemical industry: copper and many copper alloys, in aqueous solutions, hydrochloric acid and other non-oxidizing acids, organic acids (such as: acetic acid, citric acid, fatty acids, lactic acid, oxalic acid, etc.), in addition to ammonia in addition to a variety of alkalis and non-oxidizing organic compounds (such as: oils, phenols, alcohols, etc.), have good corrosion resistance; therefore, a large number of the petrochemical industry used to manufacture a variety of containers exposed to corrosive media Therefore, in the petrochemical industry, a large number of devices used in the manufacture of various containers, piping systems, filters, pumps and valves exposed to corrosive media. Also use its thermal conductivity, manufacturing a variety of evaporators, heat exchangers and condensers. Because of the good plasticity of copper, especially suitable for the manufacture of modern chemical industry in the intricate structure, copper pipe cross preparation of heat exchangers. In addition in the petroleum refining plant are used in the production of bronze tools; the original back to the impact is not burst out of the sparks, can prevent fires from occurring.
11, the marine industry: the ocean accounts for more than 70% of the earth's surface area, the rational development and utilization of marine resources is increasingly being people's attention. Seawater contains indeed "easy to cause corrosion of chloride ions, steel, aluminum, even stainless steel and many other engineering metal materials are not resistant to corrosion of seawater. In addition in these materials, as well as wood, glass and other non-metallic materials on the surface will also form marine biological pollution. Copper is unique, not only seawater corrosion resistance; and dissolved in the water of copper ions have a bactericidal effect, can prevent marine life fouling. Therefore, copper and copper alloys are very important materials in the marine industry, has been widely used in desalination plants, marine oil and gas platforms, and other coastal and submarine facilities. For example, piping systems, pumps and valves used in the desalination process, as well as equipment used on oil and gas platforms, including splash zone and underwater bolts, drilling day, anti-biofouling bushings, pumps, valves, and piping systems, and so on. Information on the use of copper and copper alloys in marine applications will be presented in a later section.
12, ships: due to good corrosion resistance to seawater, many copper alloys, such as: aluminum bronze, manganese bronze, aluminum brass, gunmetal (tin-zinc bronze), copper and nickel-copper alloys (monel alloys) has become the standard material for shipbuilding. Generally in warships and merchant ships in the weight, copper and copper alloys accounted for 2 ~ 3%. Warships and most large merchant ships propellers are made of aluminum bronze or brass. The propellers of large ships weigh 20 to 25 tons each. Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary aircraft carriers propellers weigh 35 tons each.
13, automobile: automobile copper 10 ~ 2I kilograms per car, with the type and size of the car varies, for small cars accounted for about 6 ~ 9% of the weight %. Copper and copper alloys are mainly used for radiators, brake system piping, hydraulics, gears, bearings, brake friction pads, power distribution and electrical systems, gaskets, and a variety of joints, fittings and accessories. One of the larger uses of copper is in radiators. Modern tube-and-belt radiators use brass bands soldered into radiator tubes, and the copper bands used are bent into fins.
14, railroads: electrification of railroads on the need for copper and copper alloys. Each kilometer of overhead wires need to use more than 2 tons of shaped copper wire. In order to improve its strength, often adding a small amount of copper (about 1%) or silver (about of%). In addition, the trains rely on copper and copper alloys for motors, rectifiers, and control, braking, electrical and signaling systems.
15, aircraft: aircraft navigation is also inseparable from copper. For example: aircraft wiring, hydraulic, cooling and pneumatic systems need to use copper, bearing retainers and landing gear bearings using aluminum bronze tubing, navigation instrumentation application of antimagnetic copper alloy, many of the instrumentation in the use of broken copper elastic components and so on.
16, mechanical engineering: almost in all the machines can be found in copper parts. In addition to motors, circuits, hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems and control systems in a large number of copper, a large variety of brass and bronze manufactured transmission parts and fixed parts, such as gears, worm gears, worm gears, couplings, fasteners, twisted parts, screws, nuts, etc., abound.
17, metallurgical equipment: metallurgical industry is a major consumer of electricity, known as the "power tiger". In the construction of the metallurgical plant must usually have a copper to work on a huge transmission and distribution system and power operation equipment. In addition, in pyrometallurgy, continuous casting technology has taken the lead, which is a key component of the crystallizer, most of the chromium copper, silver copper and other high-strength and high thermal conductivity of the copper alloy. Electrometallurgy in the vacuum electric arc furnace and electroslag furnace water-cooled crucible using copper tubing manufacturing, a variety of induction heating of the induction coil are made of copper tubing or shaped copper tube winding, inside the water cooling.
18, alloy additives: copper is an important element in the addition of steel and aluminum alloys. A small amount of copper (0.2 ~ 0.5%) added to low-alloy structural steel, can improve the strength of steel and resistance to atmospheric and marine corrosion. Adding copper to corrosion-resistant cast iron and stainless steel can further improve their corrosion resistance. Containing about 30% copper high nickel alloy is the famous high-strength corrosion-resistant "Monel alloy", widely used in the nuclear industry.