There is no way back from environmental degradation in China. As early as the 1990s, environmental pollution was already a serious problem. For example, the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, the quality of five categories of water accounted for 80%, the entire Huaihe River is like a huge sewage ditch all year round. 1995, the economic losses caused by environmental pollution reached 187.5 billion yuan.
According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the loss caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage has accounted for 15% of the total GDP, which means that on one side is 9% of economic growth, and on the other side is 15% of the loss rate. Environmental problems are not just a matter of sustainable development in China, they have become a demon that devours economic achievements.
Currently, China's desertified land has reached more than 2,674,000 square kilometers; the arable land and homes of nearly 400 million people in 471 counties in 18 provinces and districts in China are being threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and the desertification is still growing at the rate of more than 10,000 square kilometers per year.
Over 40 percent of the water quality in the seven major river systems is completely useless. More than 400 of the country's 668 cities are in a state of water shortage. Many of them are caused by water quality pollution. For example, Ningbo City in Zhejiang Province, located at the confluence of the Yong, Yao and Fenghua rivers, is so polluted that it needs to rely on water trucks to run around day and night to transport water from the countryside rivers into the city's various businesses when it is most short of water.
China's average 10,000 yuan of industrial value-added consumes 330 cubic meters of water and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage; every 100 million yuan of GDP is discharged 288,000 tons of wastewater. There is also a large amount of domestic sewage. More than 80% of which is untreated, it is directly discharged into the river, it will not take 10 years, China will have no water available situation.
One-third of the country's urban population is breathing heavily polluted air, and one-third of the country has been eroded by acid rain. Economically developed Zhejiang Province, acid rain coverage has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain occurs, Shanghai reaches 11%, Jiangsu is about 12%. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo and Wenzhou, the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.
In China, the maximum sulfur dioxide emissions allowed to basically eliminate acid rain pollution is 12 million to 14 million tons. And in 2003, the country's sulfur dioxide emissions reached 21.587 million tons, an increase of 12% over 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 14.7%. According to the current rate of economic development. As well as pollution control methods and efforts, by 2020, the country's only thermal power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide will reach more than 21 million tons, all emissions will exceed the atmospheric capacity of more than one times, which will be a serious disaster for the ecological environment and public health.
January 27, the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, some people predicted that if not remedied, the history of mankind's sudden environmental crisis on the economy, the largest destruction of the social system, is likely to appear in the near future in China.
Control of pollution is caught in a dilemma, there is a saying, to control the environment at the same time as economic development, investment in environmental protection must reach more than 1.5 percent of GDP. But this is in the case of environmental protection is already very good, in China, according to Shanghai's experience, in order to really effective control of the environment, environmental protection investment must account for more than 3 percent of GDP. In the past 20 years, China's annual investment in environmental protection was 0.5% in the first half of the 1990s, and only a little more than 1% in recent years. Environmental protection is a kind of "luxury consumption", large investment, small contribution to GDP, therefore, some of the special funds that should be used for environmental protection, but also diverted to other purposes.
Currently, China is in a dilemma on the environment: if we don't manage, the future cannot be guaranteed; if we really want to manage, we need to invest in a large scale, which is difficult for the economy to bear.
Some people have calculated that the enterprises around Yunnan Dianchi in the past 20 years, the total **** only created a few billion yuan of output value, but to initially restore the water quality of Dianchi, at least a few tens of billions of dollars, which is the whole of Yunnan Province's financial income for a year. Small paper mills in the Huaihe River Basin, the cumulative output value of 20 years is only 50 billion yuan. But to treat the pollution it brings, even if the main stream meets the minimum standard of irrigation water, it needs to invest 300 billion yuan. To return to the Class 3 water quality of the 1970s would not only cost a horrendous amount, it would take at least 100 years.
The cost of violating the law is low and the cost of enforcement is high. On a microscopic level, over the past 20 years, the domestic manufacturing industry, unable to rely on technological advances to reduce energy consumption and costs, has had to dig in two directions: one is wages, and the other is environmental protection. The simplest thing, such as cement production, to meet the minimum environmental requirements, each ton of cement needs to increase the cost of 8 yuan, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than 1 billion cubic meters of wastewater annually, and if it is to be treated, it will cost $1.2 to $1.8 per ton. Increase production costs by 5%. And the vast majority of enterprises simply do not have such a high profit margin. Therefore, only in the environmental issue of guerrilla: or do not build any wastewater treatment facilities: or after the establishment of a pose, during the day to put the sewage treatment pool, no one discharged into the river at night, so that you can save a large amount of cost. In the unorganized competition in the market, the 5% cost. Often it determines the profit and loss of the enterprise, life and death.
And China's two highs and one low in environmental enforcement -- high cost of compliance, high cost of enforcement, and low cost of violating the law -- also contribute to this tendency. It's often the case that it costs environmental authorities 500,000 yuan to prove an illegal emissions violation, while the final fine for the offending company is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental storms" that are now raging.
Some mega power station projects with billions of dollars of investment, unauthorized construction in violation of environmental assessment, the final fine is only 200,000 yuan. A fine of 200,000 yuan, for a project with an investment of more than 100 million yuan, is simply a drop in the bucket. How can such a penalty be a deterrent to illegal behavior? Therefore, the Environmental Protection Act has been called the "tofu law".
An environmental storm will involve hundreds of thousands of enterprises, the result is inevitable: a large number of bankruptcies and closures, a large number of people out of work, a substantial increase in business costs, the domestic price index quickly exceeded the double-digit. As a result, both macro costs and micro costs are practically unaffordable.
Four factors hindering environmental governance on the environmental protection department in the process of law enforcement encountered great resistance, Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration summed up the reasons for four aspects:
First of all, the scientific concept of development of some localities do not understand in place, and simply the pursuit of economic growth rate. Some high energy consumption, heavy pollution of small smelting, small ferroalloys, small chemicals and other projects that are expressly prohibited, in some places surprisingly showed a trend of spreading.
Secondly, some local governments in the attraction of investment, one-sided emphasis on simplifying the approval, the deadline for the relevant procedures. And regardless of whether the project will exist in the pollution situation, as long as to invest in the approval, individual places in the environmental impact of construction projects in the approval of the existence of the "will of the head", "first get on the bus, and then buy a ticket" and other illegal phenomena.
Again, the quality of the EIA needs to be improved. Some EIA units do not adhere to scientific evaluation, do not dare to speak with objective facts and scientific data, evaluation conclusions are vague and ambiguous, the project's environmental feasibility or not of the conclusion pushed to the approval department, and even a very few EIA units falsified, fabricated, forged data, or concealment of the facts, which seriously affects the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system, so that the environmental impact assessment of the formalities, the loss of third-party The consulting organization's minimum scientific and impartiality.
Finally, the information disclosure and public participation work is insufficient. China's current environmental impact assessment system is government-led, with limited government power to regulate a huge number of construction projects, obviously overwhelmed.
In fact, the resistance encountered by the EIA law is more driven by the economic interests behind it.
Setting off a real "environmental storm"
China is a large country with little room for maneuver on the environment, and a latecomer that has risen to the top after global resources and markets were basically carved up. China does not have any possibility of waiting until the environment is so bad that it can be governed, as some of its predecessors have done.
But China is also a developing country, and it is inevitable that it will follow the path of economic development and pollution control that others have taken.
The history of the world's countries has shown that there is a **** the same law between economic growth and environmental change: a country in the process of industrialization, there will be a period of environmental pollution with the GDP synchronous growth of the period of high speed, especially in the era of heavy industry: but when the GDP grows to a certain extent, with the industrial structure of the seniority, as well as the willingness of residents to pay for the environment to enhance. Pollution levels reach a turning point after the GDP growth will be with the GDP growth but abruptly down, until the pollution level back to the environmental capacity, this is the so-called environmental Kuznets curve, when the development process of Japan is this law.
There is no doubt that China is unlikely to cross over to such a heavy industry era. Because China's population is too large and the country is too big to enter the high-tech era directly with the help of the globalized division of labor, as Finland did when its manufacturing sector was still underdeveloped.
The end of the 1990s, the author has returned to his hometown in southern Jiangsu Province, the kind of clear river water when I was a child, sitting in a boat can reach the townships of the scene has gone. And the author is surprised that the main factor causing this situation is the most common household waste. In China, even without industrial development, the pollutants brought about by population growth are enough to degrade the environment to an intolerable level, and even the treatment of such pollution requires large investments and an economic base.
China has a long way to go in combating pollution, and needs to act according to the law to stop the occurrence of vicious environmental protection incidents and slow down the deterioration of the environment
1. What kind of food does green food refer to? (C)
A, vegetables, fruits B, green-colored food C safe and non-polluting food D food with rich nutritional value
2, which of the following is a waste that can be sorted and recycled. (C)
A recycling waste plastics B recycling leftovers C recycling waste paper D recycling biological waste
3, China's environmental protection cause was pioneered by that leader? (D)
A, Mao Zedong B, Liu Shaoqi C, Deng Xiaoping D, Zhou Enlai
4. Which of the following is not environmental pollution? (A)
A, biological pollution B. food pollution C, noise pollution D, soil pollution
5, The evaluation of the current state of the environment consists of what three aspects?
A, Environmental pollution evaluation B, Ecological evaluation C, Aesthetic evaluation. D land quality evaluation
6, China's acid rain area area accounted for (B)
A. 20% B.40% C. 30%
7, choose phosphorus-free laundry detergent ( B ).
A. Protecting clothes B. Preventing pollution C. Protecting hands
8. Wetland protection is an important field of environmental protection and a hot spot of international nature protection; World Wetland Day is held every year:( C ).
A. March 12 B. May 2 C. February 2
9, China's largest nature reserve (C).
A. Kanas Lake Reserve B. Tianchi Reserve C. Arjinshan Reserve
10. Bayinbruk Swan National Reserve is (B) the most concentrated breeding place for the great swan.
A. China B. The World C. Asia
11. A No. 1 battery can make a square meter of land lose its use forever, and a button battery can pollute (C) A. 1 cubic meter of water B. 1,000 cubic meters of water C. 60,000 cubic meters of water
12. The emblem of the China Wildlife Conservation Association is (B)
A. Danding crane B . . giant panda C.camel
13, Xinjiang's kingdom of plants and animals, known as the mysterious and unpredictable fairyland is (A) national nature reserve.
A. Hanas B. Tianchi C. Arjinshan
14. The following is wrong: ( C )
A. Three waste lunch boxes can be made into a student's ruler
B. Waste cans can be 100% recycled countless times to new cans
C. Waste glass cannot be recycled
15, The national key wild plants under protection are divided into (A).
A. one and two levels B. key non-key two levels C. one, two and three levels
16. To protect the blue sky, we should (C) when we go out.
A. try to choose to take comfortable transportation B. use private cars C. try to choose to take public **** transportation
17, to reduce "white pollution" we should (A)
A. consciously do not use, less use of difficult to use degradable plastic bags B. throw plastic garbage
C. try to use plastic garbage
C. try to use plastic garbage
C. try to use plastic garbage
C. try to use plastic bags
C. try to use plastic bags
C. Use plastic products as much as possible
18, environmental change due to environmental factors refers to (A)
A. environmental impact B. environmental improvement C. environmental transformation
19, the use of photocopiers, photocopiers with high-voltage parts of the chemical reaction with the air to produce ozone (B)
A. no effect B. harmful to human health C. to human health. C. harmful to human health C. beneficial to human health
20, the object of environmental monitoring: (A)
A. atmosphere, water, soil, biology, noise
B. atmosphere, amenities, soil, biology, noise
C. atmosphere, transportation, soil, biology, noise
21, the current human society is facing a serious environmental problem of six aspects of the One of the serious environmental problems facing human society at present: (B)
A. ecological degradation B. ecological degradation and the environmental problems brought about by the development of new resources
C. the problem of the development of new resources
22, China has established (C) as a basic state policy.
A. National Unity B. Poverty Alleviation C. Environmental Protection
23. The biosphere generally refers to the boundary circle that includes (B) the biological system formed by the boundary circle and the nature boundary circle interrelationships, influence.
A. human beings, animals B. human beings, animals, plants C. animals, plants
24, the 21st century is (C) century.
A. science and technology B. economy C. environmental protection
25、With the development of the green consumption movement, the world has gradually formed a (B) life style.
A. Pursuing Fashion Destroying the Environment B. Protecting the Environment Honoring Nature C. Protecting the Environment Blindly Consuming
Talking about the advantages and disadvantages of using disposable chopsticks and plastic tableware in restaurants and hotels
A. Advantages: hygiene, not easy to infect various diseases.
Cons: plastic tableware is not easy to deal with, resulting in "white pollution". Disposable chopsticks waste a lot of wood, in the long run, will destroy the forest, damage the ecological environment.
Conclusion: the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, should stop using
(4), Q&A Questions
1, industrial "three wastes" and "three wastes" of life, what are they?
Answer: industrial "three wastes" refers to waste gas, waste water, waste residue;
Life "three wastes" is the system of feces, garbage, sewage.
2, do you know that food pollution according to the nature of its pollution can be broadly divided into which two categories?
A: A, biological pollution B, chemical pollution
3, through the pollution of food on the human body caused by pesticides are mainly those?
A: A, organochlorine pesticides B, organophosphorus pesticides C, organomercury pesticides
4, soil pollutants in China is mainly what? (The class raised their hands to answer)
Answer: pesticides and heavy metals (especially cadmium)
5, water pollution is often said to be "five poisonous" material is what?
A: phenol, cyanide, mercury, chromium, arsenic.
6, now the world's about 1.8 billion people because of drinking water contaminated by biological diseases, you know that drinking these contaminated water will mainly get those diseases? (at least 4 kinds of answer)
Answer: there are dysentery, injury, parainjury, cholera, polio, infectious hepatitis, schistosomiasis, gingerbread and so on.
7, the water body is contaminated by those ways? (at least answer more than 3)
A: municipal sewage, industrial wastewater, farmland containing pesticides, fertilizers, organic matter, atmospheric deposition, radioactive fallout and acid rain.
8. What are the five gases that cause the most damage to green plants?
A: Nitrogen oxides, ethylene, chlorine, fluoride and sulfur dioxide.
9, what are the main types of environmental pollution?
A (1) air pollution (2) water pollution (3) soil pollution (4) food pollution (5) radioactive pollution (6) noise pollution
10, smoking is hazardous to health, do you know that cigarettes contain the kind of major carcinogens and radioactive substances?
A: nicotine; polonium-210,
11, environmental noise mainly from that four aspects?
A: transportation, industrial production, construction industry, social life
Youth participation in urban environmental protection
Environment unreservedly dedicates its everything, human beings are born by its sustenance, reproduction and development. With environmental pollution becoming more and more serious, it is time for us to do something for the environment.
Ancient Chinese philosophers repeatedly emphasized that harmony with the environment is the highest virtue. Gorky also said, "It is better to give than to receive." These words contain profound philosophy. If human beings want to develop, they must protect the environment. Otherwise, environmental pollution will become a stumbling block to human progress. We can only take from the environment, double the return, so that we and the environment to live in harmony, mutual benefit and mutual assistance.
We can summarize the seven major pollution in the city.
One, atmospheric pollution
Two, water pollution
Three, noise pollution
Four, solid waste pollution
Five, electromagnetic radiation pollution
Six, thermal pollution
Seven, living environment pollution
Additionally there are also a small amount of green space, the city " overcrowding" and other problems.
In fact, the existence of these pollutants we city dwellers are witnessed and y hurt, we must do is to participate in urban environmental protection. I think it can be divided into two steps, awareness and action.
Awareness is very important, because awareness guides people's actions. We must realize the importance of environmental protection. Because the environment and human beings are related to each other, if we excessively ask for the environment and do not cherish it at all, we will be punished by the environment. And there are disasters and destruction once caused, it is difficult to make up for it; once the environment has been seriously polluted, and then restore it to its original form than now to protect it is much more difficult. Therefore, if we do not protect the environment now, we will know how to cherish it when we lose it in the future, and we will regret and despair. It is too late! For the sustainable development of mankind, we should put environmental protection into practice.
Protecting the environment requires the participation of everyone, no matter how big or small, everyone should start from themselves, start from the side,
Love the environment as much as you love your own home, your own wealth.
Young people should start with practical small things, as follows:
1. regularly publicize knowledge of environmental protection
2. plant a tree every year
3. conserve draft paper, do not use disposable tableware
4. walk slowly and gently, do not throw away the waste
5. resolutely support environmentally friendly products
6. recycle waste and dispose of toxic and hazardous waste. Recycle waste and dispose of toxic garbage
Environmental protection is a long way to go and can never be accomplished overnight. Teenagers should stick to environmental protection and let the environment grow with us for better and stable development.
Protect the Earth, start from me
Throughout the ages, Mother Earth has nurtured countless generations of children and grandchildren with her sweet milk. The original her was decorated by the younger generation. However, now human beings are torturing her for their own interests. Human beings have only one earth; and the earth is facing a serious environmental crisis. "Save the Earth" has become the strongest cry of the people of the world.
I am heartbroken by the deterioration of the surrounding environment, and I think: as the future successor of the youth, if we do not understand the composition of the human environment and the seriousness of the environmental problems, ignore the laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, do not go to enhance the awareness of environmental protection, and consciously fulfill the obligation to protect the environment, then our lives will be destroyed in our own hands, and the Lord will be severely punished for us. For this reason I am determined to start from me to take care of the environment, to protect our home on which we depend for survival, to be a guardian of the protection of the environment.
In the past year, I actively participated in the school's tree-planting activities, led our first year (6) squadron class cadres created a "Green Angel" green planting team, encouraging the team to adopt a sapling in the campus, using the after-school hours to give it a dress up, for it to grow into a big tree to lay the foundation. The school organized the "Let's Make a Difference" campaign. In the "Let the Earth be full of vitality" signing activity organized by the school, I solemnly signed my name on it and wrote down my determination and expectation for environmental protection and my vision for a better future. I actively participate in the school in the World Environment Day held by the prize solicitation, seriously consult, collect all kinds of information, social research, write about environmental governance concept of the article, I often go to participate in the school organization of environmental protection lectures, watch environmental protection video, and actively participate in environmental protection knowledge quiz survey activities, fill out each question seriously. I participated in the construction of the website of the "Red Scarf Green Planting and Green Protection Team", on which a large number of environmental protection pictures and environmental protection knowledge are released, as well as legal knowledge about various aspects of environmental protection, China's development trends in environmental protection, and environmental protection of countries around the world; every month I use the Internet, newspapers, and look for some of the latest different topics and boards. Every month I use the Internet, newspapers, to find some of the latest topics and boards "environmental information" to tell everyone; also regularly produce some publicity boards to publicize environmental knowledge and life in the environmental protection of common sense. Raise the awareness of environmental protection; call on students from different aspects to care for their homes, from the small things around us to start, for the surrounding environment to dedicate their own strength! I actively mobilize people around me to come together to protect and build the same and only home that mankind **** has in accordance with the law, in order to promote the sustainable development of the economy and society, and contribute to the civilization of mankind. I also and my classmates *** with the launch of "raise a pot of flowers, adopt a tree, cherish every piece of green space, so that we are surrounded by green" and "small plastic bags do not use foam lunch boxes and disposable chopsticks, so that we are away from white pollution" initiative. Let us put down the convenient bag, pick up the food basket, let us *** with the beautiful green tomorrow, towards a brilliant, brilliant future!
According to a report I collected, "Environmental problems are caused by the irrational exploitation and utilization of natural sources by human beings. The alarming environmental problems are mainly in the five major categories of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, food pollution, and improper exploitation of natural resources." One ironclad fact tells us that they relentlessly devour human life like demons. It threatens the ecological balance, jeopardizes human health, restricts the sustainable development of economy and society, and it puts mankind in a difficult situation. For this reason I make a declaration: "As long as we - human beings have the consciousness of never forgetting to protect the environment and the consciousness of governing the environment according to the law, the global village will become a beautiful paradise". The future sky must be blue, water is clear, green trees and flowers everywhere, human beings can enjoy the happiness that nature gives us.
"The true test of our contribution to the environment is not words, but actions." Although I'm doing nothing more than a few small things, but I firmly believe that if we all have the responsibility to protect the environment, from their own start, from small things, hand in hand to protect our homes, nature will give mankind the due reward. In the warmth of the cradle - grassland rest; in the kind smile - the sky under the growth, in the source of love - the river bathing