Football is an ancient sports activity with a long history. It first originated from a ball game "Cuju" in ancient China, and later spread to Europe through the Arabs, and developed into modern soccer. Therefore, the hometown of soccer is China. It is said that the Greeks and Romans played soccer before the Middle Ages. They put the ball on a white line in the center of a rectangular field and kicked the ball with their feet to roll it to the opponent's field, which was called "Habastom" at that time. Modern soccer originated in England around the 12th century when they fought a war with Denmark. After the war, the English saw the heads of Danish soldiers on the ground, and since England hated Danish soldiers so much, they kicked them. By the early 19th century, soccer had become quite popular in some European and Latin American countries, especially in capitalist England. It was not until 1848 that the first written form of the rules of soccer, the Cambridge Rules, was born.
The so-called Cambridge Rules were the rules for the game between Oxford and Cambridge in London, England, in the early 19th century. At that time, each team had 11 people to play. Because at that time in the school each set of dormitory living ten students and a teacher, so they are 11 people on each side of the dormitory and the dormitory between the game, now the 11 people soccer match is from then onwards. 1863 October 26, the British Football Association in England held a very important meeting in the history of modern soccer. The rules of the game were drafted, but some of them were far from today's rules. For example, there was a rule that when the ball entered between the goalposts or crossed in the space above, regardless of height, as long as it was not thrown, struck or carried in by hand, it was considered to be a winning goal. The positions and formations of the players were also different from today: one goalkeeper, one defender, one forward and eight forwards per team. Soon after the rules were instituted, the formation was changed: one goalie, two defensemen, three defensemen and five forwards. So the players who took to the field were eleven.
However, many sources indicate that the emergence of soccer in ancient China is much earlier than in Europe, and has a much longer history. China's ancient soccer is called "Cuju" or "step on the bow", "Cuju" and "step on" is the meaning of kicking, "bow" is the meaning of the game, and the "bow" is the meaning of the game. "Ju" is the name of the ball. "Cuju" word was first recorded in the "Historical Records of the bandits up Qi writing", the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang, "Bielu" and Tang Yan Shizeng for the "Han Shu? Mei multiply biography" are recorded. To the Tang and Song dynasties, "Cuju" activities have been very prevalent, become the elegant activities in the court. 1958 July, the former President of FIFA Dr. Avilanchier came to China had said: soccer originated in China. Of course, due to the limitations of the feudal society, ancient Chinese cuju activities eventually did not develop into a modern soccer game based on the principle of "fair play". The qualitative leap was made in capitalist England.
Cuju in the Han Dynasty
The Han and Tang dynasties were the most prosperous periods for the development of soccer in ancient China, with the development of direct competition. By the Tang Dynasty (618-97), the ball used for cuju was filled with hair and then blown through the mouth, while two goals were used instead of a "bow room". To the Song Dynasty (AD 960 to 1279), Cuju more developed double goal and single goal competition, and called Qiyunsha or round the club organization appeared, and the ball used by people blowing with their mouths, the development of the use of air cylinders to pump, closer and closer to modern soccer.
Cuju in the Han Dynasty is a means of training soldiers, the development of a more complete system. Such as specializing in the setting of the stadium, the provisions of the east-west direction of the rectangle, each end of the six symmetrical "bow domain" also known as "bow room", each guarded by a person. The field was surrounded by a wall. The game is divided into two teams, mutual offense and defense, to kick the number of times into the other side of the bow room to decide the winner.
After the initial popularity of the Han Dynasty, the Tang and Song dynasties cuju activities reached a climax, and even appeared in accordance with the field position division of labor kicking. Cuju in the Tang Dynasty has a variety of ways, there is the number of times the top of the game ball "play bow", there is the middle of the field hanging nets, similar to the net soccer "white play", there are many people involved in the scramble "jumping bow", there is the establishment of the goal game, and the game will be the winner of the match. There is also the establishment of the goal of the game, this way each team has a certain number of people and a fixed position, the provisions of the players can only kick in their own position, can not move.
In early 2004, FIFA confirmed that soccer originated in China, and that "cuju" is the earliest historically documented soccer activity. The "Warring States Strategy" and "Records of the Grand Historian" is the earliest record of cuju literature, the former describes the Spring and Autumn period more than 2,300 years ago, the capital of the State of Qi Linzi (now Zibo, Shandong Province) popular cuju activities, the latter records, cuju is the training of soldiers at that time, the examination of the soldiers will be the way of the physical ("???juju, the military situation is also so that the practice of the warrior, to know that there is material")
FIFA confirmed in early 2004 that football originated in China, "Cuju" is the first recorded football activities. )
History of soccer
In 307 B.C.E., during the Warring States period, King Wuling of Zhao reformed the game by introducing the practice of "riding and archery," in which the people of the state of Zhao learned how to ride horses and shoot arrows. The King of Zhao often rode out of the city with his cronies on horseback, which was very impressive. One day, came to a forest, saw a few rabbits in the forest, the king opened his mouth, "catching live", so the soldiers divided into four, and caught, do not want to scare, the rabbits run straight, from the horse group of the flat cracks have fled, and nothing, the people shook their heads and sighed. A strategist suddenly bright eyes, came forward to offer advice "king, this pig roundup is very interesting, we may as well use the ball instead of the rabbit, without leaving the palace gate can play every day." "Good idea" praised the king of Zhao "this matter will be left to you to take full responsibility". Thus, soccer was born in China. But at the time, it was still a sport played on a horse, called "cuju".
By the Han Dynasty, there was a soccer field dedicated to the game, called "Jiu City", Jiu City for the rectangular, each end of the six Jiu room, presented in the shape of a hole in the moon, symmetrical, surrounded by a wall. Tang Dynasty is the prosperity of cuju activities, this period, not only has a great development, and soccer began to export, first landed in the United Kingdom.
Cuju was originally exported as a complete product, but due to the underdeveloped transportation at that time, the transportation is very backward, after months of long-distance travel, cuju in the arrival of Britain, the horses have died of exhaustion, only a ball left. But this is a ball, Britain is still regarded as a treasure, limited to the exclusive activities of the royal family, prohibit folk to enjoy this recreational activities.
In the 11th century, the Danes invaded England. One day, when the English were digging up the battlefield, they happened to dig up a few Danish skulls. Thinking of the Danish invasion of evil, these English people are extremely angry, they raised their feet and kicked hard at the skulls, to solve the anger, but also quite feel the fun of playing soccer. So, digging the battlefield of England more and more to participate in the ranks of the kick "ball". This patriotic behavior impressed the king of England, in order to reward the people, the king of England ordered the royal soccer open to the people. Soon, soccer spread in the folk, became a popular sports and entertainment activities.
At the beginning of the 12th century, Britain began to have a soccer tournament. The matches were recreational events, held twice a year, usually between two cities. The game was started when the host threw the ball in the air. Both sides will be a bundle on, yelling and shouting, and kicking and hugging, which side can kick the ball into the other side of the downtown area, which side is considered a victory. If the ball halfway into the residents of the house, the athletes also swarmed into the chaotic beat and kick, often the house things smashed to pieces, the owner had to sigh his own bad luck. Pedestrians on the road encountered the ball rolled, will suffer a flying accident. Therefore, at that time, when the ball game came, people had to avoid disaster, closed their homes, until the end of the game, before returning to normal. Such a ball game by the public's strong opposition, the British government issued a ban: the provisions of the soccer game to be played in the open space, into the downtown area of the heavy fines, so there is a special soccer stadium.
On October 26, 1863, the world's first soccer organization, the Football Association of England, was established in London, and the rules were unified, and modern soccer was officially established.
In ancient China, kicking a soccer ball was called "cuju". As early as 2,000 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the game of cuju was played. In the Western Han Dynasty, a "Cuju City" was built for the competition. In the Tang Dynasty, when Cuju was in its heyday, the ball filled with gas was used instead of the ball filled with hair, which was called "gas carpet", and the goal was used instead of a room for Cuju. In the West, after the 10th century, soccer was played in France, Italy, England and other countries. By the end of the 15th century, there was the name "soccer", and then gradually developed into the modern soccer game. 1863 October 26, the British in London set up the world's first soccer sports organization - the British Football Association, and unified the rules of soccer, people called this day the birth of modern football. called this day the birth day of modern soccer. The rules of the game ****14 rules, which are the basis of today's soccer rules. Starting from the 2nd Olympic Games in 1900, soccer was included as an official Olympic sport, but professional athletes were not allowed to participate. 1904 May 21, FIFA was founded in Paris, and from 1930 onwards, the World Football Championships (also known as the World Cup) were held every four years, and the restrictions on professional athletes were lifted. Since then, the modern game of soccer has been growing.
Legend has it that in the 11th century, there was a war between England and Denmark, and after the war, the British found a Danish invader's skull when cleaning up the ruins of the war, and out of resentment, they kicked the skull, and a group of children saw it and kicked it, but they found that the skull hurt when they kicked it, and so they used a cow's bladder to blow on it instead - and that was the birth of modern soccer.
This was the birth of modern soccer.
In medieval England, soccer became a passionate activity for many young people. They chased the ball through the narrow streets, often kicking it into the windows of houses on the street. The King of England had to ban soccer. From the 12th century to the 16th century, the King of England issued the "soccer ban" four times. However, due to the special charm of soccer, the ban did not make it die.
In 1835, the world's first soccer club was founded in Sheffield, England. In 1863, the first soccer association was established in England. From then on, organized, under the constraints of certain rules of soccer began to spread from the United Kingdom to Europe, spread around the world. By the end of the 19th century, soccer had become quite popular in Western European countries. In 1896, the first Olympic Games, soccer as one of the competitions, the results of the Danish team to 9:0 victory over the Greek team, became the first champion of the Olympic Games soccer.
In 1904, the soccer associations of seven countries - England, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland - established the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) in France, and elected Frenchman Gérin as the first President of the FIFA 2010 World Cup in South Africa.