The same feature of them is that the main motion is linear motion.
First, the planer
The processing range of planer is shown in Figure 4-22. The reciprocating linear motion of the main motion tool or workpiece, and the feeding motion is intermittent motion perpendicular to the main motion direction.
Classification: shaper, gantry planer and single-arm planer.
(1) former
Suitable for machining small and medium-sized parts with a length not exceeding1000 mm.
Composition: bed, ram, tool rest, workbench, skateboard, base, etc. As shown in Figure 4-23.
Features: Single-blade cutting, low efficiency, suitable for single room and small batch production. The machining accuracy is IT9~IT7, and the surface roughness Ra is 6.3 ~ 3.2 microns. The main parameter is the planing length.
(2) Gantry planer
Compared with the shaper, the main motion is the linear reciprocating motion of the workbench, and the feeding motion is the transverse vertical intermittent motion of the shaper.
Composition: lathe bed, workbench, upright post, top beam, cross beam, vertical tool rest and side tool rest. As shown in figure 4-24.
Features: The main motion is driven by DC motor, with stepless speed regulation and stable motion. The side tool rest is driven by a separate motor and can be fed independently. Mainly used for machining large planes, especially long and narrow planes.
The main parameter is the width of the workbench.
Second, insert the bed.
As shown in Figure 4-25, the main motion of the slotting machine is the linear reciprocating motion of the ram in the vertical direction, and the intermittent motion of the workpiece in the longitudinal, transverse and circumferential directions is the feeding motion.
Main uses: Machining inner surfaces, such as square holes and polygonal holes.
Features: low production efficiency. The roughness Ra of the machined surface is 6.3 ~ 1.6μ m, and the verticality of the machined surface is 0.025/300mm.
The main parameter is the slot length.
Third, broaching machine
The main motion of broaching machine is the linear motion of broaching tool, and the feeding motion is realized by the structure of broaching tool itself.
Classification: vertical and horizontal according to feed.
According to the nature of work, there are internal broaching machines and external broaching machines.
Figure 4-27 is the outline of horizontal broaching machine.
Features: Smooth movement, no impact vibration, stepless adjustment of traction speed and hydraulic adjustment of tension. The machining accuRacy is IT9~IT7, and the surface roughness ra is 1.6 ~ 0.8 micron. ..
The main parameter is the rated tension.
Section 5 Milling Machine
The main movement of milling machine is the rotation of milling cutter, and the feeding movement is the movement of workpiece or milling cutter.
Milling machine processing range as shown in figure 4-29.
Milling machine processing features: several cutter teeth cut at the same time, cutter teeth work intermittently, cutter durability is high, cutting speed is fast and productivity is high. Suitable for single room, small batch and mass production. The machining accuracy is IT9~IT7, and the surface roughness ra can reach 6.3 ~1.6 μ m..
Classification: horizontal, vertical, round table and milling machines without lifting table.
A, horizontal universal milling machine
As shown in Figure 4-30, the structure consists of a lathe bed, a cross beam, a main shaft, a lifting platform, a transverse sliding plate, a turntable and a workbench.
The main parameter is the width of the workbench.
Second, the vertical milling machine
As shown in figure 4-3 1. The part where the spindle is installed on the vertical milling machine is called the milling head. When the milling head is connected with the lathe bed, the rigidity is good; When the lathe bed and the milling head are connected through the turntable, parts with a certain angle can be processed, which is flexible and convenient.
The main parameter is the width of the workbench.
Third, the gantry milling machine source: the exam is big
As shown in Figure 4-32, similar to the planer, the main movement is the rotation of the milling cutter, and the feeding movement is the reciprocating movement of the workbench. The main parameter is the width of the workbench.
Section 6 grinder
Grinder is a finishing machine tool.
Commonly used abrasive tools: grinding wheel, abrasive belt, whetstone, abrasive.
Generally, the grinding accuracy can reach IT6, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.8 ~ 0.2 micron. Precision grinding accuracy IT5~IT6, surface roughness ra 0. 1 ~ 0.08 micron; The precision of high-precision grinding can reach more than IT5, and the surface roughness Ra can reach 0.04 ~ 0.0 1 micron. ..
First, the characteristics of grinding machine
1, multi-edge machining, high-speed rotation.
2, strong universality and wide application.
3, suitable for all kinds of surface processing.
4. Small machining allowance and high production efficiency.
High machining precision and good surface quality.
Second, the classification of grinding machine
1, universal grinder
2. Refiner.
3. Special grinding machine.
Three, cylindrical grinder
Main components: lathe bed, workbench, headstock, tailstock and grinding wheel stand.
The main parameter of cylindrical grinder is grinding diameter.
Four. internal grinder
Usage: grinding inner cylindrical surface, inner conical surface and end surface.
Composition: lathe bed, workbench, headstock, grinding wheel rack and sliding table.
The main parameter of internal grinder is grinding aperture.
Five, surface grinder
Main components: lathe bed, workbench, column, grinding wheel rack, etc.
Main features: the workbench is clamped by magnetic attraction.