Purchasing process: collecting information, inquiring, comparing prices, bargaining, evaluating, sampling, deciding, purchasing, ordering, coordinating and communicating, expediting, receiving incoming goods, and arranging payment.
The responsibilities of the buyer mainly include: 1. Issuing the purchase order. 2. Control of material delivery.
3. Investigation of material market. 4. Check the quality and quantity of the feed.
5. Treatment of abnormal quality and quantity of feed. 6. Communicate and coordinate with suppliers on delivery and quantity.
Basic quality requirements of buyers: A. Strong working ability Purchasing is a very complicated and demanding job, and the basic working ability that buyers should have is also quite diverse. Purchasing personnel must have high analytical ability, predictive ability, expressive ability and professional knowledge level.
a-1 analytical ability: buyers are often faced with the choice and formulation of many different strategies, such as material specifications, purchase decisions of varieties, what is the acceptable price for enterprises, how to transport and store materials, and how to manage them in order to get consumers' responses. Therefore, the buyer should have the skills of using analytical tools and be able to make effective decisions according to the analysis results.
First of all, purchasing expenditure is the main part of manufacturing cost of an enterprise, so the buyer must be cost-conscious, careful in calculation, and strive for every penny, and cannot "make a big difference". Secondly, we must have the concept of "cost-effectiveness". As the saying goes, "a penny is worth a penny", and we must not spend a penny to buy goods with poor quality or no use value.
compare the input (cost) with the report (usage, aging, loss, maintenance times, etc.) at any time. In addition, the contents of the quotation should have analytical skills, and it is not possible to compare the total price. It must be analyzed and judged item by item (including raw materials, labor, tools, taxes and fees, profits, delivery time, payment terms, etc.) on the same basis.
a-2 forecasting ability in the modern dynamic economic environment, the purchase price and supply quantity of materials are constantly adjusted and changed. The buyer should be able to judge whether the supply is sufficient according to various production and sales data; Through the contact with suppliers, from their "sales" attitude, try to figure out the possible supply of materials; From the rise and fall of material prices, it is inferred how much the purchasing cost is affected.
in short, the buyer must broaden his horizons, have the ability to "observe words and observe colors" and plan countermeasures for the future supply trend of materials. A-3 Expressiveness A buyer must be able to correctly and clearly express various purchasing conditions, such as specifications, quantity, price, delivery period, payment method, etc., whether communicating with suppliers in language or in writing, so as to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding.
in the face of busy purchasing work, it is necessary to make the purchasing staff have the expression ability of "making a long story short and concise" so as not to waste time. It is an expression skill that buyers must exercise to strive for purchasing conditions by "understanding with reason and moving with emotion".
B. A buyer with certain knowledge and experience, especially a manager, should have at least a junior college degree, because the professional knowledge and skills of students who have received formal education and training below junior college can better meet the needs of purchasing work. In addition, it is best for buyers to have business knowledge, such as business management, circulation management, popular goods or marketing, and those who have studied commodity information, statistics, marketing and business personnel management are preferred.
b-1. product knowledge no matter what kind of materials are purchased, you must have a basic understanding of the subject matter you want to purchase. We know very well that a person who has studied chemical machinery and been engaged in purchasing chemical machinery for many years has turned to purchasing electronic components because of his work needs. Although he has been engaged in purchasing for many years, he still feels a little overwhelmed. If he wants to adapt to the new role as soon as possible, he must replenish his knowledge about electronic components in time. There are many ways to supplement it, such as self-study and attending related professional training courses.
some buyers think that buyers are not engaged in research and development, and they are often assisted by engineers and quality control personnel of the enterprise, so they don't need to master too much professional knowledge. Buyers who hold this view must realize that those engineers and quality control personnel who can support you are not always around you, and sometimes they may not be able to help you for various reasons. For the buyers of retail enterprises, the understanding of goods is deeper than that of buyers in other industries, because they must bear the responsibility of sales performance.
for buyers of fashionable clothes; As far as buyers of household appliances are concerned, they must know the function, technical level, raw materials, manufacturing process and warranty period of the products. However, due to the different scope of purchasing by buyers, there are many kinds of materials, not to mention the rapid development of popular science and technology, how can buyers continue to have product knowledge? Basically, there are several ways for purchasing personnel to refer to: university courses, trade journals, popular magazines, exhibitions or work visits, and keeping in touch with suppliers.
b-2 an objective and rational buyer must never rely on his own feelings when choosing commodities or commodity combinations. He must use scientific methods to make a reasonable analysis of consumer demand and market trends, and objectively present the analysis results, so as to choose the most beneficial commodities, and not to influence the formulation of purchasing strategies because of subjective prejudice. B-3 Focus on investment It is very important for buyers to focus on investment, because buyers must spend more time to understand market trends and explore more suppliers, and must often work overtime, which is the peak season of production, and work overtime until late at night.
in addition, the buyer must also assist the top management in planning the purchasing strategy, so it will be particularly busy at the beginning of the year or every year, and the buyer must devote himself to it without complaint. C. A good moral buyer must have the following good moral character: There is not much difference between the "orders" and "banknotes" handled by c-1 honest buyers, so it is inevitable to be surrounded by "mercenary" suppliers.
regardless of coercion (through interpersonal relationships) or inducements (kickbacks or red envelopes), buyers must be honest, maintain a "normal heart" and "indifferent", otherwise they will sacrifice the company's rights and interests, benefit others or themselves, and eventually make mistakes by others. People who "value profits and forget righteousness" are difficult to be competent for procurement.
c-2 professionalism "out of stock or out of stock" is the biggest dereliction of duty of procurement personnel. Although there are many reasons for the shortage, if the purchasing staff can have the attitude of "giving up who I am" and be highly responsible for purchasing.
2. What knowledge does a buyer need to do?
Job responsibilities of the buyer
Job name: buyer
Direct supervisor: purchasing manager
Responsible object: procurement and supply of materials (mainly fabrics)
Work objective: to ensure that the quality and quantity required by the company's production are met safely and timely
Power and responsibility.
according to the production plan and capital situation, prepare the purchase plan;
be fully responsible for the procurement of raw materials and packaging materials used in production;
master the actual inventory and materials in transit;
arrange the purchasing sequence reasonably, and arrange the purchasing plan in advance to purchase the materials that are in short supply and the raw materials that need long-distance purchasing in time;
investigate the main raw material suppliers;
responsible for signing purchase contracts;
strictly implement the warehousing inspection system for raw material packaging materials;
keep abreast of raw materials and be responsible for the market situation of packaging materials;
management of subordinates.
Job responsibilities:
Implementation and improvement of procurement management system, procurement workflow and outsourcing workflow;
inspect the supplier's product quality, supply capacity, enterprise quality assurance capacity, enterprise reputation and other aspects, constantly seek new suppliers on the basis of existing suppliers, so as to ensure the rich supply resources and wide selection range, be responsible for the search and investigation of new suppliers, and organize relevant departments to conduct evaluation and review. 2. Organize the procurement and supply of raw materials with good quality and quantity as required, and keep abreast of the performance of the contract. The contract must indicate the terms of our company's product quality requirements. If it is necessary to change the contract, it can only be implemented after asking for instructions. 3. Be responsible for collecting application information of new materials, making market analysis, keeping abreast of changes in national standards and policies of related products, making policy analysis, and providing valuable information for the company's decision-making;
conduct inquiry, price comparison and negotiation with suppliers, and report relevant information (delivery cycle, daily production capacity, minimum order quantity, packaging requirements, quality standards, price conditions, etc.);
Investigate market conditions, collect and sort out dynamic information, and report in time, so as to adjust purchasing strategy in time;
make timely, appropriate and appropriate purchases according to business orders, and follow up the purchasing progress to ensure that the ordered materials are delivered to our warehouse on time, in quantity and with good quality, and coordinate the effective sales and production. Change and cancellation of orders, change of quality requirements and timely information transmission between suppliers to ensure that suppliers meet the needs of our company.
Deal with abnormal purchase, return, replacement and compensation with suppliers to ensure our interests;
strengthen communication and contact with suppliers to ensure sufficient supply, stable supply quality and accurate delivery time;
Abide by discipline and law, handle affairs impartially, be selfless, be honest and self-disciplined, be honest and open-minded, be conscientious, constantly learn business knowledge, and improve professional work ability;
manage subordinates well.
The buyer's treatment of BMW Brilliance depends on it ~ I suggest asking directly when interviewing ~
3. What should a buyer know
I think a buyer should do the following, and have my own opinion, because I have been purchasing for more than ten years, and I have some conscious experience for your reference:
1. Being in good health and knowing some basic medical knowledge, it is hard for a buyer. After years of exposure to the wind and rain outside, the body can't stand it for a few years. At that time, it's too late to regret it. Therefore, we should develop some good habits, eat on time, don't overeat, don't eat out indiscriminately, and rest on time to ensure normal energy.
2. Watch the weather forecast every day and get ready.
3. Read more newspaper news, know the domestic financial news, analyze and estimate the rise and fall of the purchase price, so as to keep the purchase cost to a minimum.
4. It is also very important to collect data and take notes. You can make a list of things purchased by your company in recent years, including performance, specifications, quality, requirements, price, place of origin and so on, and make detailed records. It is also very helpful for you to communicate with the departments that use it and understand their opinions and experiences, so as to prevent you from buying defective products, counterfeit and cracked goods, and take notes to prevent the price, quality and cost of your purchase from being higher than before. If it's high and you don't have a good reason, it's very troublesome and there will be a lot of right and wrong.
5, shop around, you should have a sense of responsibility, see more, talk more, compare quality and price. Ensure that the quality and price of procurement are the best and cheapest.
6. You should know the skills of negotiation, how to negotiate with merchants, and how to make merchants fight for themselves. This is a university question, but I can't understand it in a few sentences. You can only sum it up slowly in the future work. I can introduce something to you, such as making something out of nothing. You tell him that the other company also gives gifts and delivers goods. What about you? If he compromises, you can say forget it, don't let you send it, and let the price forget it. You picked it up very cheaply again. At present, it is a market economy, and most merchants want to do business with you. As long as you hold yourself and your merchants' hearts and don't express your position easily, they will be very anxious. Are you saying that you are a long-term businessman? So take the opportunity to kill him. Let's sum it up slowly. You can find relevant books and communicate with the master more, and you will always benefit a lot.
7. Know some legal knowledge, and be more careful than others, so as to prevent the merchants from having a good talk with you, but the delivered goods will not be used. You should have prepared and responded measures in advance, such as returning goods, exchanging goods, whether the merchants agree, and methods. I think the best way is to have the advantages in your own hands, for example, cash on delivery, closing on January 1st, and so on.
8. The most important thing is that you must have a healthy life and do nothing, so that you can do a good job. Don't brag too much, don't change your mobile phone today, buy a motorcycle tomorrow, etc. Even if you don't lose the benefits, others will give you a general and colorful picture, because people are so rich!
good luck with your work! Have a successful career
4. What basic knowledge should a buyer have
How to be an excellent buyer
1. Ensure the purchase and supply of goods: keep abreast of the sales situation of goods in each commodity department and prepare for the purchase and supply of goods.
2. draw up a commodity purchase plan: draw up a commodity purchase plan on schedule (usually half a month or one month as a cycle), including the selection of key commodities, commodity prices, quantities, suppliers, etc.
3. Specific procurement: including price acquisition, negotiation, negotiation with suppliers, commodity introduction and distribution, etc.
4. Commodity business management: including checking the sales situation of each commodity department, finding best-selling and slow-selling commodities, handling slow-selling commodities, sorting out inventory, taking stock, etc.
5. Assisting in commodity sales: making plans for commodity promotion, making plans for selling special commodities, conducting marketing surveys, and understanding consumer trends and competitors' promotion measures and business strategies, etc.
6. training of service personnel: assist in training waiters, let them know the performance and characteristics of goods, master certain knowledge of goods, and promote the sales of goods.
(2) Quality requirements of buyers
For purchasing personnel, the ability and quality requirements are higher, which mainly include the following aspects:
1. Rich commodity knowledge.
2. Ability to communicate with other departments.
3. Be familiar with the operation and sales of the enterprise.
4. and have strong bargaining ability.
5. Be hardworking and dedicated.
6. Good physical fitness and smart appearance.
7. Strong judgment and decision-making ability. -To this end, buyers need to strengthen their own requirements and training, and strive to become a qualified and excellent professional buyer.
5. What knowledge do you need for purchasing?
1. Basic knowledge
Basic knowledge of purchasing
(1) Purchasing types and methods
(2) Purchasing operation flow
(3) Basic knowledge of purchasing management
2. Basic knowledge of commodity science
(1) Commodity classification
. Commodity quality and commodity inspection
(4) commodity packaging
(5) commodity storage and maintenance
(6) commodity trading organization
(7) commodity intermediary organization
(8) commodity circulation policy
3. Basic knowledge of logistics
(1) logistics and its constituent elements