Work plan for quality care

Time is an arrow that goes swiftly, and as we continue to write new poems and embark on new journeys, it is good to sit down and write a good work plan. What is a good work plan like? The following is my carefully organized work plan for quality care (generic 5), for reference only, we take a look at it.

Quality nursing work plan 1

A new year, a new starting point. In order to further implement the "patient-centered" service purpose, to achieve the "surgical patients to provide quality and safe care, excellence with surgery" this service goal, according to the nursing department of the relevant spirit, combined with the actuality of my department, the development of this plan.

First, improve the service attitude, improve the quality of care

1, the object of nursing work from the patient to expand to the patient's family, medical, logistics, equipment personnel. The head nurse goes down to the relevant departments at least once a week to strengthen communication with doctors, collect patient information, and gain understanding, trust and support for better cooperation with surgery.

2, the nature of nursing work from the nursing for drug therapy extended to the patient's physical and mental overall care. The patient's psychological care is always on the patient's mind, and the patient's psychological care is proactively done. Strictly implement the protective medical system. Improvement of service attitude, to ensure that the state of nursing work for the patient's services, to meet all reasonable needs of patients, to achieve satisfaction of more than 95%.

3, the use of morning meetings, nurses meeting, nursing room and other forms to enhance the nurse's sense of service, active service, hospitality, initiative to introduce the situation. To do the four light, the nursing treatment operation to greet the patient, the use of encouraging language, gentle movement, so that patients feel the warmth of our loved ones.

4, the development of strict departmental rules and regulations and rewards and punishments. The department and nursing staff signed a nursing quality and nursing safety certificate of responsibility. Once a month, we organize a discussion and analysis of errors and accidents, and put forward corrective suggestions for recurring problems, so as to prevent the occurrence of errors and accidents.

5, strict disinfection and isolation, disinfection and isolation qualified rate of 100%. To apply for the purchase of additional ultraviolet light. And from the monthly bacterial culture to semi-monthly. Further improve the mid-shift work system, strictly control the flow of personnel. Strict implementation of aseptic operation techniques, the violation of the principle of asepsis of people and things to give timely correction, to prevent nosocomial infection.

6, 100% of emergency medical equipment intact rate, handover carefully check, received emergency patients, resuscitation can be agile, flexible, skillful cooperation.

7, reasonable charges, in case of doubt and disputes in a timely manner to verify and deal with the regular department of medical and office supplies to count and collect, to reduce waste and loss. Specialized personnel responsible for the maintenance of medical equipment, to achieve the performance of instruments and equipment and the use of the situation in mind, to ensure the normal operation of the clinical.

8, the establishment of a perfect nursing quality control system, to carry out the quantity plus quality of nursing assessment, satisfaction survey, there is no error and negligence and complaints, teamwork, inspection of the health district and other indicators, improve and promote nursing, while selecting the best talent from them, nursing backbone, selection of the most satisfied nurses.

Second, strengthen the nurse training, establish the "angel" image

1, basic skills training and specialized technical training. The content of the basic skills training includes political ideology, professional quality, medical ethics, clinical skills. Specialized technical training requires continuous learning of new theories and techniques, deepen the understanding of nursing theory, and strengthen the operating room technical training.

2, the head nurse to improve the ideological and political quality, study cultural science, professional practice and management science knowledge, to strengthen the scientific and standardized nursing management, and effectively improve the level of nursing management and nursing management quality.

3, change the concept of service, improve service attitude. Anyone in any situation should not be shirked. Promote "one-on-one full service".

4, for each nurse to create learning opportunities, through the hospital section of the lecture, participate in self-study, network retrieval and other ways, so that nurses continue to accept new ideas, new knowledge, new methods, palm

Third, study nursing research, nursing teaching

Seriously organizing a small lecture, "three basic", "three basic", "three basic", "three basic", "three basic", "three basic", "three basic", "three basic", "three basic", "three basic". "The three basic theories, operation training. Skilled with the development of new technologies. Mobilize the enthusiasm of nurses, encourage the development of new technologies, new methods, so that this year's project is more mature, to alleviate the pain of patients, and constantly improve the quality of care.

The work plan of quality care 2

20XX is a milestone year for the hospital. In the past year, the Department of Cardiology in all medical staff *** with efforts to achieve better results, "carry forward the achievements, and constantly looking for new work priorities" is our 20XX new. Struggle goal, the Department of Cardiology will continue to forge ahead, carry forward the achievements, improve the shortcomings, and strive to create a new record, specially formulated the following work plan:

1. Continue to adhere to the patient-centered, and strive to provide first-class service, to further standardize the management of the wards, the development of humane service measures, the full implementation of security management, link management, special time and special personnel management, regular collection of patient opinions in a timely manner to solve problems, to provide patients with high-quality and efficient service, and to provide patients with a good and efficient service. To solve the problem, to provide patients with high-quality, efficient and assured service, fully embodies the patient-centered, to the patient's needs as the starting point for all our work, to provide patients with satisfactory service.

2. Further improve the quality of care, establish a long-term quality supervision mechanism, improve the internal management mechanism of the department, and fully implement the continuous improvement of nursing quality.

3. Group efforts to grasp the "model management" creation activities, the model hospital scoring standards for the organization of learning, and conscientiously implement the quality standards, and strive to create a model hospital to show the highlights of the specialty.

4. Continue to improve the standardized management of CCU wards, change the scheduling mode, rational use of human resources, and effectively strengthen the general nurses training efforts at different levels. Nurses within five years to strengthen basic theory, basic operation training, more than five years of nurses to strengthen the specialized theory training, the development of personal development goals, according to personal desire and the actual ability to determine the direction of each person's initiative, the selection of a nurse for further training in endocrine specialties, a nurse for further training in cardiac CCU or cardiac catheterization, at the same time, the Department of training to change the mode of training, to intensify the training efforts to increase the rate of out-of-hospital training, to encourage self-study, correspondence, etc. to improve the knowledge structure of the team. The training in the department has changed the mode of training, increased the rate of training outside the hospital, encouraged self-study, correspondence courses, etc. to improve the knowledge structure of the team, so as to make the best use of people, make the best use of talent, to create a distinctive culture of the specialty, to create a learning department.

5. According to the law to strengthen the control of hospital infection, strengthen the training of medical personnel hospital infection knowledge, supervision and inspection system implementation, minimize the incidence of hospital infection.

6. Strengthen the link medical records and final medical records control, regular inspection of the quality of medical records, timely discussion, analysis, timely rectification and implementation, and effectively improve the quality of nursing writing.

7. The use of various forms and methods to strengthen the publicity of health education, the establishment of diabetic clubs, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease voluntary consultation activities, targeted distribution of inpatient contact cards, discharged patient contact cards, disease-related knowledge education, comprehensive and in-depth implementation of the health education system.

8. Strictly programmed teaching management, quality and quantity to complete the teaching program, to protect the teaching effect and teaching safety.

9. In-depth study of health care reform policies, expanding the scope of services, the development of new businesses, new technologies, and strive to use the health care reform policy to the fullest extent, without violating the policy of the premise of efforts to increase revenue and save money.

10. To further strengthen the scientific research consciousness of the whole department, strengthen the accumulation, timely summarization, and actively write academic papers, writing nursing tips, no one in the whole year in the municipal and above publications published at least one paper.

Quality nursing work plan 3

To further grasp the quality of medical care, improve the nursing staff business and technical level. This year's nursing work to grasp the quality of care as the core, around the hospital's development plan, in line with the "patient-centered", "service, quality, safety", as the focus of the service concept, innovative management methods, and constantly improve social satisfaction. Thoracic Surgery all nurses to discuss the development of xx year nursing quality work plan is as follows:

First, to strengthen the nursing safety management, improve the nursing risk prevention measures, effective avoidance of nursing risk, to provide patients with high-quality, safe and orderly nursing services.

1. Continuously strengthen the nursing safety education, safe nursing as one of the regular themes of the regular meeting of nurses every Friday, the work of the unsafe factors in a timely manner to remind, and put forward corrective measures to the hospital, outside the nursing error as an example of the discussion of the reference, so that the nursing staff to fully understand the factors of the error, the new situation, the new characteristics of the lessons learned from it, so that the safety alarm bells ringing.

2. The rules and regulations will be implemented in practice, regular and irregular inspection, supervision in place, and supervision and inspection records.

3. Strengthen the risk management of key aspects, such as night shift, mid-shift, holidays, etc.. Implement apn scheduling and flexible scheduling system, reduce the frequency of shift handover, reduce the loopholes in the work, rationally match the young nurses and the old nurses on duty, and pay attention to cultivate the spirit of prudence when nurses are on duty independently.

4. Strengthen the key management: such as the handover of sick patients, pressure ulcer prevention, blood transfusion, special medication, patient pipeline management, and the patient's existing and potential risk assessment.

5. Strengthen the care of key patients: such as surgical patients, critically ill patients, geriatric patients, in the morning meeting or shift handover of the above patients as the focus of the discussion of the shift handover, the patient's existing and potential risks to make an assessment, to reach a *** knowledge, to attract the attention of the class.

6. The management of key employees: such as internship nurses, rotating nurses and new nurses, etc. to educate them on legal awareness, to improve their awareness of risk and ability, so that the students make it clear that only under the guidance of the instructor or supervision of the implementation of nursing care for patients. At the same time, designate nurses with clinical experience, strong sense of responsibility and nursing qualification to be the teaching teacher, cultivate students' communication skills, clinical operation skills, etc..

7. Further standardize the writing of nursing documents to reduce safety hazards, pay attention to the current stage of the nursing paperwork problems, records should be "objective, true, accurate, timely and complete", to avoid non-standardized writing, such as misspellings, alteration of the unclear, inconsistencies, and the doctor's record is not uniform, so that the standardization of nursing paperwork standardization and standardization.

8. Improve the nursing emergency risk plan, usually work to pay attention to cultivate the emergency response ability of nurses, each emergency work, such as blood transfusion, transfusion reaction, special liquids, drug leakage, sudden power outage, etc., to do a retrospective evaluation, from which to learn from the experience, to improve the nurses' ability to respond to the unexpected events.

Second, patient-centered, advocate humane service, strengthen nurse-patient communication, improve patient satisfaction, avoid nursing disputes.

1. The nurse in charge of the sincere reception of the patient, the patient to the bed, and take the initiative to do the health of patients discharged from the hospital.

2. Strengthen service awareness education, improve the concept of humane active service, and Tuesday basic nursing day plus health education day, each shift at any time to do a good job of education and guidance and safety precautions.

3. Establishment of health education prescriptions, the issuance of nurse-patient contact cards, monthly work-rest seminars, to solicit the views of patients and their families, the quality of service good and bad nurses to praise and criticize the education.

Third, the establishment of inspection, evaluation, feedback system

The establishment of a traceability system, the head nurse and the quality control team, often in-depth inspection of the ward, supervision, evaluation. Evaluation mode to the scene to assess the nurses and check the patients, check the records, listen to the doctor's opinion, found that the nursing work in the problem, improve the corrective measures.

Four, strengthen the "three basic" training program to improve the overall quality of nursing staff.

1. Weekly morning questions 2 times, the content of the basic theoretical knowledge, specialized theoretical knowledge, knowledge of nosocomial infection.

2. Quarterly CPR demonstration, familiar with the use of first aid equipment and instruments.

3. Every Monday morning will be a small classroom for nursing pharmacology knowledge, by the treatment class to collect this section of the current use of medication instructions, and explain to everyone pharmacological effects and precautions. And ask the hospital core system, so that each nurse can master and seriously implement.

4. Often review nursing emergency risk plan and simulation demonstration, improve the emergency response ability of nurses.

This year, our ward has been designated as a pilot ward for the "Quality Nursing Demonstration Post" activity. Since May, according to the overall requirements of the Ministry of Health to create a quality nursing demonstration project and the specific program of the hospital's excellence activities, combined with the psychiatry specialty and the characteristics of the semi-open management mode of the ward, to formulate a nursing demonstration post work plan, and carefully implement the program. Nursing demonstration post work plan, conscientiously implement the requirements of creating "quality nursing service demonstration ward" activity program, patient-centered, and strive to start from the smallest work, change the concept of service, optimize the workflow, improve the doctor-patient relationship, and improve the quality of care. We are passionate about reforming and innovating, and practicing quality psychiatric nursing services.

First, improve the ideological understanding, create an atmosphere of excellence.

Organize nursing staff to study the relevant documents to create quality nursing demonstration post activities, collect advanced experience and publicity materials across the country to create excellence, so that we know the purpose, meaning, activity programs and specific measures to create excellence, do a good job of mobilizing the section and the training work, and organizing discussions, to formulate specific measures to create excellence, and firmly establish the The "patient-centered" service concept, the quality of nursing service as a nursing quality, harmonious nurse-patient relationship breakthrough, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the nurses, improve the nurses sense of responsibility and sense of mission, and build a "quality model ward" with heart.

Second, standardize the management of the ward, the implementation of the key work.

With the Nursing Department to revise the nursing system, revise and improve the nursing routine, and strive to systems, regulations, processes in line with the requirements of the demonstration post, and the implementation of the system and the provisions of the day-to-day work in accordance with the workflow. Designing various "warm tips" signs, beautifying the ward environment, revising the admission instructions and various protocols, doing a good job in safety care for the characteristics of psychiatric nursing management, nursing risk assessment of patients, comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition, with a special account of the patient's distinctive signs, the implementation of the patient's safety goals to reduce the incidence of adverse events. Design bedside card, record the patient's relevant information, easy for nurses to grasp the condition, hierarchical management of patients, the patient's level of care in line with the condition of the patient, quality nursing services and the hospital environment improvement and the nursing department of the activities of the 9S management, to strengthen the rectification of the environment of the hospital district, for the patient to create a quiet, clean, safe, warm, orderly ward environment.

Three, refine the workflow, clear job responsibilities.

The work duties of the nursing staff in the ward were revised, the work duties of each class were arranged scientifically, the work flow of each class was refined, the weak links were found, the division of labor in nursing was clarified, the nursing work pattern was reformed, and the work was carried out according to the nursing staff's level of ability to correspond to the work, striving to make the new duties more practical and scientific, and rationally arranging the nursing staff according to the actual situation of workload, and the nursing staff were not only able to work in the nursing class, but also able to work in the nursing class. Flexible scheduling is implemented, holiday scheduling is strengthened, nursing work is guaranteed to be carried out smoothly, and quality care is carried out throughout clinical care. The company's main goal is to provide the best quality of service to its customers.

Four, grasp the basic care, improve the quality of care.

Responsible nurses to fully fulfill their nursing duties, each nurse is responsible for a certain number of patients, each patient has a corresponding fixed responsible nurse responsible for it, to provide patients with holistic nursing services, close observation of the patient's condition, timely communication with the doctor, at any time to communicate with the patient, the patient to carry out the whole process of individualization of the health education, to help the patient to understand the disease, to recover the We provide supportive psychological care, do a good job in patients' basic care, fully embody psychiatric specialty features in clinical nursing services, carry out colorful recreation, sports, homework therapy, and group therapy such as interpersonal communication training, relaxation training, and psychological games twice a week to promote the recovery of patients' social functions. Continue to implement the semi-open management mode, improve the open management of the system, to protect the safety of patients, to promote the recovery of patients with mental illness, reflecting the humanized nursing care, to the characteristics of the service concept to guide the nursing behavior.

V. Reduce the rate of accompaniment and improve patient satisfaction.

Because this ward is the implementation of semi-open and fully open management mode, and the type of disease are admitted to depression-based mental illness patients, so the ward has a lot of family members to accompany, first of all, according to the patient's condition to determine whether or not to accompany, try to do not accompany or briefly accompanied by once the condition is stabilized in a timely manner to be stopped accompanied, and strive to accompany the proportion of family members to reduce. The first step is to determine whether to accompany the patient according to his condition. Then, to strengthen the management and education of family members accompanying the patient, hold regular meetings with family members and work-rest symposiums, give lectures to family members on disease-related knowledge, understand the needs of family members, answer questions, provide health guidance, and enhance the ability of family members to take care of the patient. To strengthen communication with patients and their families, nursing staff must meet the needs of patients with mental illness with love, patience, care and responsibility, improve the satisfaction of patients and their families, and strive to achieve patient satisfaction, hospital satisfaction and social satisfaction. Let patients regain their health in the nursing environment of warm service, detail service and affectionate service, and let every nurse become a "sunshine angel" for patients with mental illness.

For the implementation of the spirit of the National Health Work Conference in XX and deepen the reform of the medical and health system of the key tasks, to strengthen the clinical nursing work of the hospital, to consolidate the basic care, to comprehensively improve the level of clinical nursing work in the hospital, combined with the hospital to create the "Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project" implementation program, to this end, the development of this plan.

A, organizational preparation

(a) the establishment of the leadership group

(b) held a group meeting to convey the spirit and forward the documents

1, the Ministry of Health on the "XX year" quality nursing service demonstration project "notice

2, the Ministry of Health on the "strengthening of clinical care in hospitals" notice

3, "General Hospital Hierarchical Nursing Guiding Principles (for trial implementation)"

4, "Basic Nursing Care Service Work Specification"

5, "Inpatient Basic Nursing Care Service Project (for trial implementation)"

6, "Common Clinical Nursing Technical Service Specification"

7. "Specific Implementation Plan of Tianjin Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project in XX"

8. "Notice on Declaring the Key Contact Hospitals of Tianjin Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project"

9. "Tianjin Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project" Assessment Rules Project" assessment rules"

1, conveying the Ministry of Health XX "Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project" spirit of activities

2, conveying the "Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project" specific implementation plan

2, conveying the "Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project" of the hospital, and the "Quality Nursing Service Demonstration Project" of the hospital. "

3, interpretation of the hospital in XX "quality nursing service demonstration project" activities of the theme, objectives and clinical nursing work focus

4, the head nurse on behalf of the young nurses and a read the initiative.

Two, improve nursing management

(a) Nursing Department field research.

(b) Nurse managers and nurses symposium to determine the work objectives:

1, to meet the basic needs of patients

2, to ensure the safety and comfort of patients during hospitalization

3, to ensure that the patient's various diagnostic and therapeutic measures are implemented effectively and efficiently

4, to improve the patient's satisfaction with the work of the nursing

(D) Selection of three pilot wards.

1, the head nurse regular meeting ward self-recommendation

2, the head nurse secret ballot

3, the nursing department to choose the best

(E) publicize the content of care and service.

1, improve the two-way channel of nurse-patient communication

2, the establishment of the pilot ward nurse-patient communication book

3, "hierarchical care standards", "inpatient basic care services" on the wall

Third, to obtain the coordination and support of the various departments

(a) the sub-presidency organization The financial department coordinated support to improve the treatment of clinical front-line nurses, extending the time of nurses working in the clinical front line.

(ii) to give manpower support

1, supplement nursing human resources: plans to recruit 20 new nurses this year, the recruitment of 18 assistant nurses.

2, to participate in the work of nurses post nurses are licensed.

3, clinical front-line nurses accounted for 95% of the total number of nurses; ward beds and nurses ratio of 1:0.5; contract nurses treatment can reach the same pay for equal work.

2, the development of personnel management system to limit the transfer of nurses to non-nursing positions.

3, flexible scheduling, manpower allocation to the front-line positions.

4. Let nurses return to the clinical front line.

1, drugs into the intravenous drug configuration center, a variety of drugs sent to the wards; late night emergency drugs sent to the wards. The clinical nurse's time back to the patient, the nurse to the patient's bedside to do the basic care;

2, to speed up the construction of the central oxygen supply, reduce the time of the nurse to carry oxygen cylinders.

3, the formation of transport centers, responsible for the hospital's hospitalized patients in various hospital districts, accompanied by inspection, laboratory delivery, supplies (consumable medical materials, goods, common office supplies, sterile goods) sent down.

(D) Nursing appliances support

Let nurses at the patient's bedside quickly get a variety of nursing appliances, the time back to the patient, such as shampoo car, multifunctional treatment car.

Fourth, the implementation stage

(a) to meet the basic needs of patients

1, the development of standardized standard operating procedures

morning and evening care, vital signs measurement, oral care, perineal care, nasal feeding technology, catheterization technology, enema technology

2, optimize the service process

Admission and reception process, pre-surgical workflow (one day before surgery, morning of surgery), assisting in the meal process, before and after the examination process.

3, the development of humanized service measures.

Improve the dietary details of care, the establishment of a reliable nurse-patient relationship, health education in various forms.

4, to create a nursing team atmosphere

professional competence training and nursing culture construction.

5, according to the ministry of health "basic nursing service work standardization service" to increase the content of services:

Facial cleansing and combing hair, foot cleansing, assisting patients to move in bed, pressure ulcer prevention and care, incontinence care, use of commode in bed, assist in changing clothes, bed shampooing, fingernail / toenail care, safety management.

6, according to the Ministry of Health "commonly used clinical care technology service norms" to increase the content of services: patient admission and discharge care, blood glucose monitoring, intravenous injection, physical cooling.

7, according to the international hospital management certification standards to supplement and improve the management system, such as drug management (self-medication regulations), safety management (patient identification system), service flow (patient transfer system), hospital infection control.

8, strengthen the basic nursing skills training

Development of training programs, the development of training and assessment manuals for junior nurses.

9, simplify the writing of nursing documents

Development of tabular nursing records (obstetrics pilot).

10, based on the Tianjin nursing quality basic nursing quality assessment standards to develop basic nursing quality assessment standards (20 quality assessment standards).

11, to strengthen the quality of basic nursing care control measures

1) to strengthen the supervision of the head nurse night inspection: Nursing Department every day to arrange for two head nurses, according to the clinical situation of critically ill patients and the focus of nursing care, temporary arrangements for the focus of the work of the inspection (through the monitoring of the video spot check).

2) Strengthen supervision through the basic nursing quality control group on-site inspection, ask nurses, visit patients and other forms.

(B) the implementation of the responsible nurse responsibility system

1, the department director of communication and cooperation.

2, competitive selection of responsible nurses, clear nurse duties, grouping and partitioning, relatively fixed nurse bed nurses, full participation in nursing basic work.

3, the nurse in charge of the patient for continuous, the whole nursing service. According to the number of patients under the jurisdiction of the responsible nurse, quality and patient satisfaction.

Utilizes the creativity and autonomy of nursing managers, avoids differences between the distribution of nurses' performance pay, and avoids contradictions in the economic distribution of the department.

1, the strong support of the hospital leadership, the understanding and support of the director of the department, and the collaboration of multiple departments.

2, the active participation of the majority of nurses

1) Nursing Department of the systems, management regulations, distribution program publicized transparent.

2) Publication of the nursing department e-mail and telephone.

3) Seek benefits for nurses.

4) The nursing department has the power of personnel and economic management.

5) The quality of work, nursing services, and professional assessment are combined with performance pay, merit assessment, transfer and grading, and promotion.

(D) Nurses performance pay allocation

1, the principle of distribution: according to the distribution of labor, efficiency first, taking into account the fairness.

2, the distribution of the basis: the nature of the work position (clinical first-line, auxiliary departments), the technical difficulty of the work, the difficulty of the work risk, the quality of nursing work.

(E) improve the supervision and inspection mechanism

1, improve the quality of care management, quality standards can be centered around the patient.

2, the establishment of quality control evaluation standards around the patient (effective implementation of nursing routines linking all the quality standards of patient care).

3, the establishment of basic nursing quality management committee regular and occasional inspection, the head nurse of each department daily self-inspection.

4, the Department of Nursing to establish a clinical nursing services survey file:

1) inpatient satisfaction survey: inpatient survey once a month, asking the transfer rate of 40%; discharged patients once a quarter, asking the transfer rate of 15%; patient satisfaction are 95%

2) quarterly organization of the symposium for patients and their families, and evaluation records.

3) Nursing Department every quarter to the department as a unit to carry out activities to evaluate excellence, there are patients, staff, managers of the tripartite comprehensive selection of high-quality service individuals, and have a record.

V. Stage evaluation

(a) Regular seminars

1, held a nursing clinical seminar.

2, responsible nurses regularly report on the progress of basic nursing and feelings.

3, timely discovery of clinical basic nursing deficiencies and defects.

(B) Mid-term evaluation guidance

1, experts to the hospital inspection, guidance.

2, the organization of nursing staff to visit the excellent model hospital copy.

3, visit the city model hospital.

1, Nurses' Day evaluation of excellence: the tree model, the establishment of incentives typical.

Basic Nursing Service Star

Warm Angel Nursing Award

Pilot Advanced Departments and Individuals

2, end of the year evaluation of excellence

Advanced Collective

Advanced Individuals

Sixth, summarize the stage

1, held a nursing conference

p> Recognition of outstanding wards, advanced individuals

2, to meet the work