1. Qinghai non-provincial capital city of the working hours are shorter, do not use the mainland standard expected pharmacies, hospitals, etc. opening hours, to stay well in advance, in advance in the Xining procurement of complete medicine.
2. Tibetan ghee tea and other food is not very suitable for mainlanders stomach, can not eat more. Local hospitality ghee tea empty bowl must be re-filled custom, so it is recommended to always keep the bowl of ghee tea two-thirds full, so that neither hurt the feelings of Tibetans double to protect themselves, it is recommended to carry anti-diarrhea medicines such as Huangliansu.
3. such as lodging Tibetan tents must pay attention to moisture, between the bed and the ground should have moisture barrier, such as no professional moisture can be replaced by plastic sheeting.
In addition to the above three points, the following with the editor to take a look at Qinghai travel notes it.
A, etiquette and taboos
1, the mosque visit etiquette: mosques in the time of worship generally do not welcome non-Muslims to visit, but the Muslim worship is really worth a look, should be agreed to before you visit the photo, the best way is to look for a Muslim to take you into, and then he arranged for you to watch on the sidelines. Visiting and touring the mosque, special attention should be paid to hygiene, no spitting, littering, no smoking, singing and shouting to maintain a solemn atmosphere. Worship hall generally can not just enter, if you want to go in, you should ask the imam, the imam's consent and take off your shoes to enter, can not flip through the classics, and so on.
2, the Buddhist temple visit etiquette: to the Buddhist temple tourism, not as strict as the requirements of the mosque, but to behave civilized. In the Buddha's temple is not allowed to touch the Buddha, sutra, mural, magic weapon, etc., not to cross over from above. When the monks gather to recite sutras, you cannot walk in front of them. When visiting, you generally cannot point your finger at the statue of Buddha, comment on it, or make a lot of noise. You cannot take photos without the consent of the management. When turning the sutra wheel or burning incense to worship the Buddha, the direction should be clockwise from left to right, irreversible. The heads and hats of Tibetans and monks generally can not be touched, the paper printed with Tibetan text can not be thrown around, not to mention as a handkerchief, the stone engraved with Tibetan text should be placed in a clean place, can not be touched or broken. If you are a Buddhist, when you enter a Buddhist temple, take off your hat, put your hands together and raise them to your forehead to show your devotion; if you offer alms in front of a Buddha statue, you will receive favorable care from the management.
3, the Tibetan government and tourism organizations do not encourage tourists to see the sky burial, Tibetans, especially the families of the deceased, do not want to watch the Han Chinese, which is the national custom is also common sense. If the photo or photography is more will cause big trouble, so must get permission from the family to watch, but try not to take pictures. If you have the opportunity to see, please respect your words and behavior.
4, in the Tibetan area occasionally see the body hanging red, yellow, green cloth labeled cattle and sheep wandering in the countryside, do not drive, injury, that is the Zang people to God offerings. Do not use a shotgun against the eagle and vulture, Tibetans taboo hurt their god bird.
5, without the consent of the temple can not enter the temple, after entering the temple can not smoke. Temple objects to watch no harm, not unauthorized touch the statue of Buddha, scriptures, photographs. Some places can not travel counterclockwise. There are some secret temples where women are not allowed to enter.
6, step into the Tibetan tents, bureau room, not to step on the threshold of the foot, and not to spit in front of others.
7, Tibetans sticking out their tongues, is to show respect and not ridicule; together is a kind of etiquette.
8, offering hada: hada is indispensable items in the daily rituals of Tibetans. Offer hatha is the Tibetan herdsmen welcome guests and daily interaction in the use of etiquette. When dedicating hatha, the master holds the hatha with open hands and chants auspicious wishes or praises, rendering an atmosphere of respect, while the folded mouth of the hatha is directed towards the guest who accepts the hatha. Guests should stand up and face the person offering the hatha, concentrating on listening to the benediction and accepting the toast. When accepting the khata, the guest should bow slightly forward to allow the khata giver to place the khata around the guest's neck. The guest should place his hands and palms in front of his chest to express his gratitude to the giver of the khat.
9, etiquette in Tibetan life: Qinghai each ethnic taboo content is very different. The religious consciousness of the masses of all ethnic groups is very strong, especially for those immaculate, strictly religious life of the believers, can not express look down on, mistrust, or ask this and that, causing resentment. The Tibetans have a lot of taboos in their lives due to the profound influence of religion. Avoid eating round-hoofed livestock and animals with claws, such as mules, horses, donkeys, dogs, cats, eagles and crows' meat. When entering the tent, enter on the left and right of the man, and also take your seat in the order of the man's left and the woman's right. When seated, one must not fall to the east or to the west, one's legs must not be stretched out in the direction of the offerings to the Buddhas and the elderly, one must not catch fire and smoke or light candles on the ghee lamps for the Buddhas, one must keep clean in front of the statues of the Buddhas, one must not use one's own utensils to fetch water from a tank, one must not cross the clothes of one's relatives, one must not intentionally hit a dog, one must not shoot at vultures and eagles with one's gun, one must not urinate and defecate inside the corral pen, one must not fart in front of the crowd, and one must not come into the tent and point fingers. talk about it, not to make unlucky remarks, etc. In general, enter the tent, must be pleasant, although the language is not clear, you can stretch out the thumb, expressed praise for the master, this is the beginning of the establishment of harmonious relations with the master.
10, Hui life etiquette: Hui and Salar taboos by the deep influence of Islam. It is forbidden to eat pork and dogs, horses, mules, donkeys and other non-ruminant animals and the blood of all animals, and not to eat things that have died of their own accord, and where livestock are slaughtered, the imam or a clean elder must be asked to slaughter them according to the rules of the religion, and any meat slaughtered and eaten by a foreigner or by an unclean person within the religion is considered unclean. Smoking and drinking are prohibited. Scooping trance, pouring water to the hand can not be backhanded, etc. Tujia also avoid eating mules, horses, donkeys, taboo to others to the livestock pen urination and defecation, on the kang seat, taboo to sit on the host family's pillows quilt, the birth of a child within a month of the home is prohibited to come to the people, avoid wearing irregularities in the elders of the women walked in the front of the taboos, avoid going out to work in the early morning to touch the empty bucket and impure things.
Two, on the accommodation
1, such as accommodation Tibetan tents must pay attention to moisture, between the bed and the ground should have a moisture barrier, such as the lack of professional moisture-proof mat can be replaced by plastic sheeting.
2, such as in the Muslim family lodging, without permission do not enter the kitchen without authorization, the Muslim kitchen generally do not welcome non-Muslims to visit, and do not enter the master, especially the hostess of the room. Don't make a fuss about the different status and division of labor between men and women in Muslim families. Don't touch religious artifacts. Eating and drinking in a Muslim home should follow halal standards.
Three, about shopping
1, near the Tal Temple, there are many forced to sell Tibetan knives outlaws often gathered in front of the temple in order to intimidate tourists to force to buy their knives and other items, encountered by these people do not show any interest in their goods, do not stop to watch, to the stores on both sides of the street to buy the items needed. This situation also exists in some other tourist spots, so special caution is needed.
2. Before departing for other destinations, it is advisable to buy enough film, batteries, food, medicines and the like, as few other cities in Qinghai have a full supply of such goods, and even if they do, they are very expensive.
3, Golmud and other non-provincial capitals of the city's working hours are shorter, do not use the mainland standard expected stores, hospitals, etc. opening hours, to stay well in advance.
4, do not buy any wild animal furs, wild Tibetan antelope horns, wild yak skulls, etc. in Qinghai and Tibet. This is tantamount to supporting the increasingly rampant poaching of wildlife in Qinghai - Tibet. And in fact if you are caught with any of these items when you leave the region, you are likely to face a lot of trouble yourself.
Four, about transportation
1, public **** transportation throughout Qinghai is subject to public-private competition, private routes tend to be faster and cheaper, and there is often room for bargaining.
2, in some areas of poor transportation rarely public **** car, you can consider hitchhiking, hitchhiking sometimes cigarettes more than money to solve the problem, pay attention to find a more reliable car such as military vehicles, postal vehicles.
3, Methodist to Munda Tianchi road is exceptionally dangerous, if the chartered car must find indeed have to walk this road experience of the driver, otherwise it may be very dangerous.
Five, before the departure of the preparation items
1, plateau oxygen is less, to less smoking more breathing air is good. Before entering Tibet, pay attention not to catch a cold, such as suffering from a cold is best postponed to Tibet, because the cold on the plateau is not easy to recover, serious will also cause pulmonary edema and many other complications. Therefore, it is very necessary to prepare some cold medicines and gastrointestinal medicines.
2, Qinghai (a small part of the region), Tibet climate is characterized by dry, lack of oxygen, low air pressure. Therefore, before entering Tibet, bring along some nasal ointment and lozenges can relieve the discomfort of nose and throat brought by dryness.
3, due to the plateau ultraviolet is relatively strong, according to estimates, the annual average radiation value per square meter between 5000-8000 megajoule, therefore, with sun hat, sunglasses and sunscreen is appropriate.
4, the average person ascends to an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level, there will be a plateau reaction, the frail people in Tibet before the preparation of oxygen bags, in case of emergency. Personal belongings: sunglasses, sunscreen, sportswear, down jacket, travel shoes, flashlights, rain gear and daily toiletries.
Six, plateau hypoxia reaction and its prevention and control measures
The Tibetan Plateau due to the high altitude, thin air, and thus the formation of a low pressure. Oxygen deficiency, low temperature, strong solar radiation, large daily temperature difference, windy, dry and so on as the distinctive features of the plateau climate. Visitors from low altitude areas to the plateau, due to climate and other aspects of the rapid changes, more than the normal human organism automatically adjust the limits, at an altitude of 4,000 meters above the section, about 60% of a 100% per capita occurrence of acute hypoxic reaction or disease, the symptoms are common headache, dizziness, panic, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, chest tightness, chest pain, fatigue and weakness, mild swelling of the face, dry and cracked mouth and lips, epistaxis and so on. In critical cases, the blood pressure increases, the heart rate accelerates, and even a comatose state occurs. Some people have abnormal excitement such as Moet's state, talkative, unsteady gait, hallucinations, insomnia and so on.
Due to the plateau hypoxia and all the symptoms, the medical known as plateau acclimatization incomplete disease. Some are temporary, as long as the adaptation to a period of time, or leave the plateau environment, the human body function is back to normal, some last longer. According to research: generally at an altitude of 3,000 meters below asymptomatic, 3,000 meters for the reaction to the critical height, the height of the climatic characteristics (air pressure, air temperature, solar radiation, etc.) and the plains and lowlands are very different, the traveler to this new environment, the body must carry out a series of adjustments to adapt to; altitude of 3,000 - 5,000 meters between a series of symptoms of hypoxia can be produced, but most of them are not life-threatening; 5,000 meters of altitude as a barrier to the critical level, but not life threatening. Altitude 5000 meters for the barrier critical height "; altitude 5000-7000 meters body can not be fully compensated; altitude 7000 meters for the dangerous critical height; altitude 7000 meters above the body can not be compensated for the alpine death zone. But there are exceptions, some people at an altitude of 2000-3000 meters is also difficult to fully adapt to, there are different degrees of alpine hypoxia reaction, mountaineering athletes in the 7000 meters above the weight can still be mountaineering.
Qinghai Province, about 60% of the area at an altitude of 4,000 meters above sea level, 3,000-4,000 meters accounted for 25% of the area, the altitude of 3,000 meters below the area accounts for only 15%. Therefore to the Qinghai plateau travelers, make the necessary health care and physiological health preparation is very necessary.
(1) from the low altitude areas into the plateau tourists, must make a comprehensive and strict physical examination. Where there are serious heart, kidney, lung disease patients, hypertension! Above the period, serious liver disease, anemia patients, are not risk to plateau tourism. If only general diseases, must take precautions in advance, such as carry oxygen, medication, etc.. For those who have a tendency to have convulsions, severe headaches or coma after entering a certain altitude area, it is not advisable to travel to a higher section. In the altitude of 3000 meters above the tourist accommodation and attractions, or in the coach, there should be plateau tourism health measures, supply of oxygen and essential medicines, in order to prevent the occurrence of accidents.
(2) to do a good job of physiological health publicity and education, so that tourists have adequate ideological and material preparation, to establish the determination and confidence to overcome the plateau reaction, to eliminate the spirit of unnecessary fear. Generally about two or three days, more than five to seven days to gradually adapt to the plateau environment, chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms of hypoxia will disappear, or greatly improved, some people use oxygen to alleviate the discomfort of plateau, which is temporarily relieved of the discomfort has a role to play, but after stopping oxygen inhalation, the discomfort will re-emerge, and slow down the adaptation to the time of the plateau environment. If the symptoms of hypoxia are not very serious, and are eased or reduced when resting quietly, it is best not to inhale oxygen in order to adapt to the plateau environment as soon as possible to obtain the desired effect of tourism.
(3) Adaptive exercise. Come to the plateau before traveling to carry out climbing, running, playing ball, weight bearing, marching and other large amount of physical activity, which can play a positive role in the body to adapt to the hypoxic environment. At the beginning of entering the plateau, the activities should not be too intense, such as rapid marching, running, physical labor. Plateau temperature is low, with the rapid change of temperature, we should change clothes in time, do a good job to prevent freezing and keep warm, to prevent colds caused by freezing. Colds are one of the main causes of acute plateau pulmonary edema.
(4) Regulate the life during plateau traveling. Food should be easy to digest, nutritious, high sugar, containing a variety of vitamins is good, eat more vegetables, fruits, do not overeat, so as not to aggravate the burden on the digestive organs. Alcohol is strictly prohibited, so as not to increase oxygen consumption. Sleeping pillows should be padded higher, half-lying position is best.
(5) Drug prevention and treatment. In order to improve the body's endurance to hypoxia, reduce the occurrence of altitude sickness, the main drugs are: compound party ginseng tablets, astragalus poria compound, adaptogenic agents, acetazolamide, diuretic sulfanilamide, spironolactone, central nervous system stimulants, inhibitors, squinty thiourea and nutrients and metabolic hormone-like preparations.
After entering the plateau, plateau discomfort symptoms become more and more serious, that is, in the rest is also very obvious, should be immediately inhaled oxygen, sent to the hospital, in order to prevent acute plateau pulmonary edema and create adverse consequences.