Functional materials are materials with special functions or properties, and they can be used in a variety of different fields. At present, common functional materials include the following categories:
1. Photoelectric materials
Photoelectric materials are materials that can convert light energy into electrical energy or electrical energy into light energy. These materials are widely used in solar panels, LED lights, displays, lasers and other fields.
2. Magnetic materials
Magnetic materials are materials with magnetic properties that can be used to make motors, generators, sensors, magnetic memory and other devices.
3. Catalysts
Catalysts are materials that can accelerate the speed of chemical reactions, and are widely used in the chemical industry, environmental protection industry, pharmaceutical industry and other fields.
4. Biomaterials
Biomaterials are materials that can be used to repair or replace human tissue, and are widely used in the medical field.
5. Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials refer to materials with particle size between 1-100 nanometers, which have special physical, chemical and biological properties, and are widely used in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics and biomedicine.
Applications of Functional Materials
1. Solar Panels
Solar panels are devices that use photovoltaic materials to convert solar energy into electricity. At present, solar panels have been widely used in home, industry, agriculture and other fields.
2. LED Lights
LED lights are devices that utilize photoelectric materials to emit light with high efficiency, long life and low power consumption. At present, LED lights have become the mainstream lighting.
3. Sensors
Sensors are devices that utilize magnetic materials, photoelectric materials and other sensing physical quantities, and are widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine and other fields.
4.Medical Materials
Medical materials are medical devices that utilize biological materials, including artificial joints, pacemakers, and cochlear implants.
5. Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials are widely used in electronics, optoelectronics, biomedicine and other fields, such as nano-sensors, nano-drugs, nano-materials reinforced composites.
Methods of Preparation of Functional Materials
1.Sol-gel Method
Sol-gel method is a method of preparing nanomaterials, where the sol is converted into gel through the sol-gel process, and then the nanomaterials are prepared by heat treatment.
2. Gas phase deposition
Gas phase deposition is a method of preparing thin films by breaking down gases into atoms or molecules at high temperatures, and then depositing thin films on a substrate.
3. Chemical vapor deposition
Chemical vapor deposition is a method of preparing thin films by decomposing gases into atoms or molecules at high temperatures, and then depositing thin films on a substrate, while adding a certain amount of chemically reactive substances to control the composition and properties of the film.
4. Solution method
The solution method is a method of preparing nanomaterials by dissolving the material in a solvent and then preparing the nanomaterials by controlling the conditions of the chemical reaction in the solution.
5. Ion implantation method
Ion implantation method is a method of preparing materials by injecting ions into the material to change the chemical composition and properties of the material.