·What is AIDS? AIDS is a serious infectious disease with a very high case fatality rate. There is currently no cure or method, but it can be prevented. ·When was AIDS discovered? According to the American "Science Magazine", a latest study in the United States shows that humans were infected with AIDS as early as 1931, much earlier than generally thought. This conclusion was reached by scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States using computers to simulate the evolution of the HIV virus. ·HIV infection and incidence in my country The AIDS epidemic in my country has shown an accelerating upward trend in recent years. By the end of September 1999, 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in my country had reported 15,088 cases of HIV infection, including 477 patients and 240 deaths. According to expert estimates, the actual number of people infected with HIV in the country currently exceeds 400,000. Judging from the case reports, young adults are the main group affected by AIDS. ·Transmission routes of AIDS HIV mainly exists in the blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk of HIV carriers and AIDS patients. Occasionally it can also be found in other body fluids, such as saliva, tears, urine and sweat. There are three confirmed routes of HIV transmission: 1. Sexual transmission: 75% of HIV-infected people are infected through unprotected sexual intercourse (70%) and same-sex intercourse (5%). 2. Blood-borne infection: 5% of adult infections are acquired through intravenous drug use, and 3% are acquired through blood transfusion or use of blood products. Others such as syringes, needles, surgical instruments, dental instruments, and delivery instruments are not disinfected thoroughly or can cause iatrogenic transmission. Daily haircuts, beauty tools, and bathroom pedicures are not disinfected or are used shaving with others. Shavers, toothbrushes, etc. can also cause infection. 3. Mother-to-child transmission: Pregnant women infected with HIV can pass the virus to their babies through the placenta or through the birth canal during delivery. ·How can AIDS be transmitted? The following three conditions must be met at the same time before HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to others: 1. A gap in the skin or mucous membrane. 2. Exchange of body fluids with viruses. 3. Quantity and solubility of the virus (among body fluids, blood, semen and vaginal secretions have the highest solubility of HIV). In fact, HIV is very fragile and will die once it leaves the human body. You will not be infected with HIV through ordinary social activities. ·The incubation period of AIDS is from the time of infection with HIV to the onset of disease. The interval in between is called the incubation period. Strictly speaking, the incubation period should include the window period, that is, the period of time after infection when anti-HIV antibodies cannot be detected in the serum. It is generally 2 weeks to 3 weeks. months. Therefore, when you are in a high-risk group for AIDS (drug users, homosexuals and heterosexual promiscuous people, patients with long-term blood transfusions, and those whose sexual partners are found to be HIV-positive), you must not take it lightly when the first test is negative. You must go through a period of review . Often because HIV-infected people cannot tell the exact time of infection, they have to count from the onset of prodromal symptoms or serum anti-HIV antibody positivity, which usually ranges from months to years. The true incubation period is generally 1 to 12 years, with an average of 6 years. There are also a few that are over 12 years old. There are also differences between various groups of people and individuals: the general incubation period of infection caused by transfusion of contaminated blood or injection of contaminated blood products is 4.5 years, and it is about more than 3 years for homosexuals. Among gay men, 2% of those infected with HIV have an incubation period of 2 years, 5% of 3 years, 18% of 4 years, 23% of 6 years, 37% of 8 years, and 48% of 10 years. ·Under what circumstances will one not be infected with AIDS? It is currently believed that the following daily contacts do not transmit AIDS: kissing, shaking hands, hugging, having a meal, coughing, using office supplies, using toilets, swimming pools, using telephones, mosquito bites, etc. ·The difference between an infected person and a patient: An infected person refers to someone who is infected by HIV but has not developed the disease; a "patient" refers to an AIDS patient who has already developed symptoms. The former's appearance and internal conditions are no different from ordinary people, but about half of infected people will develop into AIDS patients after 10 years. If the infected person is a child, the incubation period will be shorter, and about 40% will become AIDS patients within 3 years. For adults, 50% do not develop the disease after being infected.
The clinical features at the time of onset are long-term lymph node swelling, fever, sudden weight loss, extreme fatigue, night sweats, diarrhea, oral thrush (an oral ulcer disease), etc. These symptoms are called "AIDS-related syndromes." When the immune system becomes very weak, it is considered to be suffering from AIDS. The main characteristic at this time is the emergence of "opportunistic infections", such as Pneumocystis pneumonia or Kaposi tumor. But remember, when "related syndromes" appear, pay attention to differential diagnosis, because some symptoms are not unique to AIDS. ·Condoms can effectively reduce the risk of HIV infection. Correct use of condoms not only prevents pregnancy, but also reduces the risk of HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases. Condoms are not 100% effective in preventing AIDS and STDs, but they are far safer than not using condoms. Except for the correct use of condoms, other contraceptive measures cannot prevent AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. The risk of HIV-infected men transmitting HIV to women is significantly higher than the risk of women transmitting it to men. Women have the right to ask each other to use condoms during sexual intercourse. ·Can you get AIDS from donating blood? You cannot get AIDS from donating blood. ·What is the window period and why is it scary? In recent years, it has been discovered that after a human body is infected with HIV, it takes some days before the HIV antibodies in the body can be detected. There is HIV in the body and it is contagious, but there are no symptoms, and HIV antibodies cannot be detected in the blood. This period is called the "window" period, which lasts from about 2 weeks to 3 months. . If you transfuse (receive) the blood of a person infected during the "window" period or use a syringe with others, you are at risk of being infected with HIV; you may also be infected with HIV if you have sexual contact with a person infected during the "window" period. Virus. Therefore, the "window" period is the hidden and most dangerous group of people at risk of AIDS. ·The role of blood transfusion and the associated risks HIV is transmitted through blood transfusion very effectively, and the possibility of infection by transfusion of virus-carrying blood is estimated to be more than 90% ( On the contrary, the risk of one sexual intercourse ranges from several to less than 1%), and the amount of HIV virus introduced into one blood transfusion is very large. After infection through this method, the disease will occur quickly, with an average time of 3-5 years ( Children are about 2 years old). Blood transfusion saves millions of lives every year, but the safety of blood transfusion is not guaranteed in some places, and the risk of HIV infection in blood recipients is rising. AIDS is not far away, especially in the world. It is spreading rapidly in developing countries. The AIDS epidemic in my country has entered a period of rapid growth. If the epidemic cannot be controlled in a timely and effective manner, it will have a serious impact on the country's social and economic development. Everyone has the right and must know the basics of AIDS prevention. Knowledge, avoid risky behaviors, and strengthen self-protection. Everyone should tell others what they know about HIV/AIDS prevention and sexually transmitted diseases, and carry out sex education in schools to protect young people from the harm of HIV/AIDS and STDs. Every family, every school, every community and the whole society have the same responsibility. ·Measures for medical staff to avoid HIV infection 1. Self-protection of medical staff (1) When medical staff come into contact with AIDS patients, no special requirements are generally required. Protection. (2) Wear a white coat and gloves when exposed skin or clothing may be contaminated by blood or body fluids. (3) Wear protective glasses and masks when blood or other body fluids may be splashed. Personnel should pay special attention to prevent scratches or punctures from contaminated sharp objects. Contaminated disposable sharp objects should be collected immediately after use and disposed of until they can no longer be used. (5) Wash hands thoroughly with soap after contact with patients. Especially when hands are contaminated with blood or body fluids, they must be washed immediately and washed after taking off gloves. (6) Medical staff with wounds, dermatitis, etc. should not participate in direct AIDS care work, and should not touch contaminated instruments. , equipment. (7) Medical staff in stomatology, surgery and autopsy must be careful to avoid being contaminated by the patient's blood or body fluids even when operating on ordinary patients. (8) If medical staff are accidentally contaminated with HIV during work. If you are scratched or stabbed by a sharp object, rinse immediately with soapy water and then disinfect with iodine and alcohol. If blood splashes into your mouth, spit it out immediately and rinse your mouth with water.
2. Medical staff and HIV infection According to relevant foreign reports: the risk of medical staff being infected by HIV-contaminated needle sticks is about 4 in 1,000, and the chance of infection of mucous membranes or intact skin is very slim. The chance of infection is affected by factors such as the amount of virus, the depth of the puncture, the size of the needle, the length of contact and the infection and condition of the patient. 3. Comparison of the likelihood of infection with HIV and hepatitis B virus HIV and hepatitis B virus are transmitted through the same route. HIV infection poses a major threat to health care workers through contact with infected blood or body fluids. HIV is less contagious than HBV because its concentration in the blood is lower. If medical staff are injured by needle sticks, 0% will be infected with hepatitis, but about 0.4% will be infected with HIV. Therefore, measures to prevent HBV infection are sufficient to prevent HIV infection. 4. Handling accidents involving possible HIV infection at work. If you are injured by a needle or encounter other accidents at work where you may be infected with HIV, you should carefully squeeze out the blood from the wound and then wash it with soap and water. Injured persons should go to an emergency room to receive appropriate wound management and other treatment. The attending physician should make treatment and recommendations based on the need to prevent hepatitis B. While waiting for the HIV antibody test report, you should practice safe sex. Donating blood or other organs should be avoided. 5. HIV resistance and disinfection methods (1) HIV resistance to the outside world: HIV is not resistant to physical and chemical factors in the environment and is sensitive to heat and dryness. For example, infectious viruses cannot be detected at 56 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes. General disinfectants such as 50-70% alcohol, 5% carbolic acid, 0.1% household bleach, 2% formalin, 0.25% propiolactone, 2% sodium hypochlorite, etc. can all inactivate viruses. HIV in specimens can also be inactivated by fixation in cold acetone or formaldehyde and acetone. This virus is not resistant to acid but is resistant to alkali. When the pH drops to 6, the virus titer drops significantly; when the pH reaches 9, the virus titer drops slightly. HIV can survive in a liquid environment at room temperature for more than 15 days, and the infectivity can be preserved for at least 3 months in a -70 degree refrigerator in 20% fetal calf serum. Stored in a -20 degree refrigerator, HIV reverse transcriptase activity can be maintained for at least 2 months. After freezing and thawing once, the enzyme activity will be lost by 20%. Repeated freezing and thawing will further cause the enzyme activity to be lost. After treatment with TritknX-100 and ether, although the virus is inactivated, it still retains its original antigenicity and can be detected by ELISA. (2) HIV disinfection methods HIV disinfection work mainly targets medical supplies contaminated by the blood and body fluids of HIV-infected patients and patients, the external environment of diagnosis and treatment patients, and some items, such as used dressings, gauze, etc. For AIDS disinfection, appropriate physical methods or chemical disinfectants can be selected based on the disinfected items. Contaminated waste can be incinerated. Some items, especially those that need to be reused, can be boiled and sterilized with high-pressure steam. Objects that are not suitable for boiling can be soaked in 2% glutaraldehyde, 70% alcohol, etc. for 10 minutes before being reused. Wash. Household bleach, sodium hypochlorite, and alcohol are commonly used to disinfect contaminated environments and surfaces. Disinfectants generally used for hepatitis B can be used for HIV disinfection. (3) Corpse disposal: After the death of an AIDS patient, the patient's corpse should be disposed of according to the treatment methods of viral hepatitis. The mouth, nostrils, ears, anus and female vagina should be stuffed with cotton balls to prevent the flow of body fluids. If there are skin wounds or exudative inflammation, wipe and disinfect with iodine, alcohol or other disinfectants, and the body should be cremated on the spot. ·The Ministry of Health issued the key points of AIDS prevention publicity and education in accordance with the "Opinions on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of AIDS" approved by the State Council and issued by the Ministry of Health and the "Prevention of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases" jointly issued by nine ministries and commissions including the Central Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Health. Carrying out publicity and education work on the prevention of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases in accordance with the spirit and requirements of the Principles of Publicity and Education is currently the main measure to prevent and control AIDS. It is also the common responsibility of the mass media, publicity and education departments and the whole society. In order to provide accurate information and basic knowledge content to the mass media and education workers, domestic experts were invited to conduct repeated discussions and formulate key points for popularizing HIV prevention knowledge to the entire population, including ten pieces of basic knowledge and important information related to these ten pieces of knowledge. We need to make the ten basic pieces of knowledge a household name and known to everyone. At the same time, the ten basic knowledge will also be used as a basis for assessing the implementation of publicity and education measures and evaluating the effectiveness of publicity and education.
Important information is relevant information provided for the preparation and production of relevant publicity and education materials and programs, and can be used as a reference according to different communication objects. 1. Basic knowledge: 1. AIDS is a serious infectious disease with a very high mortality rate. There is currently no cure or method, but it can be prevented. 2. AIDS is mainly transmitted through three ways: sexual contact, blood and mother-to-child transmission. 3. You will not be infected by AIDS through daily and work contact with AIDS patients and HIV-infected persons. 4. Keeping oneself clean and respecting sexual ethics are the fundamental measures to prevent sexual transmission of AIDS. 5. Correct use of condoms can not only prevent pregnancy, but also reduce the risk of HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases. 6. Early treatment and cure of STDs can reduce the risk of HIV infection. 7. Drug use with syringes is an important way to spread AIDS, so we must reject drugs and cherish life. 8. Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions and injections, and use blood and blood products that have been tested for HIV antibodies. 9. Caring for, helping and not discriminating against AIDS patients and people living with HIV are important aspects of AIDS prevention and control. 10. AIDS threatens everyone and every family, and preventing AIDS is the responsibility of the whole society. 2. Important information 1. AIDS is a serious infectious disease with a very high mortality rate. There is currently no cure or method, but it can be prevented. The full medical name of AIDS is "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome" (English abbreviation AIDS), which is a serious infectious disease caused by the AIDS virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus - HIV). The AIDS virus destroys the body's immunity after invading the human body. function, causing the human body to develop a variety of infections and tumors that are difficult to cure, eventually leading to death. The HIV virus has weak resistance to the external environment. After leaving the human body, it can only survive for a few hours to a few days at room temperature, high temperature, dryness, and common disinfection. Medicines can kill this virus. HIV antibodies can only be detected in the blood 4-8 weeks after infection, but the blood, semen, and vaginal secretions of HIV-infected people can be detected before. , breast milk, and wound exudate contain a large amount of HIV, which is highly contagious. It takes an average of 7-10 years for people infected with HIV to develop into AIDS patients. Crazy sulfone porcelain first フ?#?strong Shao Yue shakes the fishy Wei Wo ⒆ blowing 壣?詈convex ぷ骪芏嗄辏?芄call?《respect?Jing?Lu?forgiveness?br> When the immune system of a person infected with HIV is affected When the virus is severely damaged and cannot maintain the minimum resistance to disease, the infected person will develop into an AIDS patient, with unexplained long-term low fever, weight loss, night sweats, chronic diarrhea, cough and other symptoms. Currently, there is no cure for AIDS. Some drugs that have been developed can only relieve the symptoms of AIDS patients to a certain extent and prolong the lives of patients. Active acceptance of medical guidance and treatment can help AIDS patients relieve symptoms and improve their quality of life. An effective vaccine to prevent AIDS. 2. AIDS is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, blood and mother-to-child transmission. Sexual contact is the most important way of transmitting AIDS around the world. AIDS can be transmitted between men and women through sexual intercourse. The more people you have sexual contact with, the greater the risk of HIV infection. *** Taking drugs with a syringe is an important risk behavior for transmitting HIV through blood. AIDS can be transmitted by using unsterilized syringes, acupuncture needles or other instruments that invade the human body. One-third of women infected with HIV will transmit AIDS to their infants and young children through pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Some infants and young children infected with HIV will die before the age of 3. The physical and mental development of orphans who have lost their parents due to AIDS will also increase the burden on society. Women who suspect that they may be infected with HIV should seek medical advice before becoming pregnant. Medical institutions for HIV antibody testing and consultation. Pregnant women who are suspected or found to be infected with HIV should go to relevant medical institutions for consultation and receive guidance and treatment from medical staff. 3. Daily life and work with AIDS patients and HIV-infected people. HIV cannot be contracted through contact.
General contact with AIDS patients and HIV-infected people in work and life (such as holding frame ⒂ when А ⒐ meal? Ting ⒐ Can mold ぞ fold? 旃? Magnesium knock caries ┎ change the fishy scene? Beach 0? Beach [change the beach] AIDS is not transmitted by coughing and sneezing in public facilities such as bathing pools and mosquito bites. Cleaning oneself and observing sexual ethics are fundamental measures to prevent sexual transmission of AIDS. Building spiritual civilization, advocating compliance with laws and regulations, and establishing healthy and positive concepts of love, marriage, family and sex are the fundamental measures to prevent and control the spread of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually free lifestyle, premarital and extramarital sex are breeding grounds for the rapid spread of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. People who have multiple sexual contacts should stop high-risk behaviors such as prostitution and prostitution. , to avoid contracting AIDS or sexually transmitted diseases and ruining their health and lives. Young people must learn to restrain their sexual impulses. Premature sexual relations will not only damage friendship, but also have adverse effects on physical and mental health. Being loyal to each other can protect both parties. 5. The correct use of condoms can not only prevent pregnancy, but also reduce the risk of HIV and STD infection. The correct use of condoms of qualified quality can not only prevent pregnancy, but also effectively reduce the risk of HIV infection and STD infection. Condoms should be used during sexual intercourse. Condoms are not 100% effective in preventing AIDS and STDs, but they are far safer than not using condoms. Except for the correct use of condoms, other contraceptive measures cannot prevent HIV/AIDS and STDs in infected men. The risk of transmission to women is significantly higher than the risk of transmission to men. Women have the right to ask each other to use condoms during sexual intercourse. Early treatment and cure of STDs can reduce the risk of HIV infection. Infection with AIDS. People with genital abscesses, ulcers, and inflammation are more likely to be infected with AIDS, and they are also more likely to transmit the virus to others. Therefore, rapid treatment of various genital infections can reduce the pain. If you are infected, you should go to a regular hospital or STD prevention and treatment center for examination, consultation and treatment in a timely manner. People who have sexual contact with you should also be mobilized to get tested. Some women have no obvious symptoms after being infected with STDs. , it is not easy to detect. If you have high-risk behavior, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. Regular hospitals can provide formal and confidential examination, diagnosis, treatment and consultation services. You must not seek treatment from medical vendors, and do not buy medicine yourself to avoid misdiagnosis. Mistreatment will prolong the course of the disease and increase the chance of contracting AIDS. If you suspect that you are infected with HIV, you should go to a qualified medical and health unit for HIV antibody testing and consultation as soon as possible. 7. Taking drugs with a syringe can spread AIDS. Therefore, we must reject drugs and cherish life. Drug abuse is an illegal behavior that not only seriously harms the drug user's own health and life, but also harms the family and society. Staying away from drugs can minimize the risk of contracting AIDS due to drug abuse. People who use syringes to take drugs with others are particularly at risk of contracting AIDS. Not using syringes, using clean syringes or sterilized syringes can effectively reduce the harm of HIV transmission through drug abuse. Having sex with someone who injects drugs can lead to HIV infection. 8. Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions and injections, and use blood and blood products that have been tested for HIV antibodies. Donating blood free of charge in accordance with the law, putting an end to blood trafficking, and strengthening blood testing are important measures to ensure the safety of blood use. Strict HIV antibody testing of blood and blood products to ensure the safety of blood use is a key measure to prevent the spread of AIDS through blood collection and supply. Unnecessary blood transfusions and injections should be avoided as much as possible, and the use of plasma substitutes and own blood is one of the measures for safe blood use. When blood transfusion is necessary, use blood that has been tested for HIV antibodies and disposable or strictly sterilized infusion sets. Strict implementation of various rules and regulations related to disinfection is an important step in preventing the spread of AIDS through blood. Children's vaccinations should use disposable syringes. If conditions are not available, one needle and one tube must be used and sterilized for each person. Knives, needles and other instruments that are easy to puncture or scratch the skin used by medical personnel and service personnel in special industries (hotels, hotels, bathhouses, barber shops, beauty salons, foot washing rooms, etc.) must be strictly disinfected. 9. Caring for, helping and not discriminating against AIDS patients and people living with HIV are important aspects of AIDS prevention and control.
The participation and cooperation of AIDS patients and infected persons is an important component of AIDS prevention and control. Discrimination against AIDS patients and infected persons is not only detrimental to the prevention and control of AIDS, but can also become a factor of social instability. People living with HIV are victims of the disease and deserve humanitarian sympathy and help. Families and communities should create a friendly, understanding, and healthy living and working environment for AIDS patients and infected people, encourage them to adopt a positive attitude towards life, change high-risk behaviors, and cooperate with treatment, which will help improve the quality of life and prolong the life of AIDS patients and infected people. Life is also conducive to the prevention and control of AIDS and the maintenance of social stability. 10. AIDS threatens everyone and every family, and preventing AIDS is the responsibility of the whole society. AIDS is spreading rapidly around the world, especially in developing countries. The AIDS epidemic in my country has entered a period of rapid growth. If the epidemic of AIDS cannot be controlled in a timely and effective manner, it will have a serious impact on the country's social and economic development. Establishing an AIDS prevention and control system with government leadership, multi-sector cooperation, and the participation of the whole society, and forming a social environment conducive to AIDS prevention and treatment are important and successful experiences in controlling the AIDS epidemic. my country's strategy for the prevention and control of AIDS is to focus on prevention, publicity and education, mobilizing the participation of the whole society, and implementing comprehensive management. HIV prevention measures that promote education and change risk behaviors have been shown to be effective. Everyone has the right and must know the basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention, avoid risky behaviors, and strengthen self-protection. Everyone should tell others what they know about HIV prevention. It is the common responsibility of every family, every school, every community and the whole society to disseminate knowledge about preventing AIDS and STDs to young people, carry out sex education in schools, and protect young people from the harm of AIDS and STDs. I hope my answer can help you