Help to write content: (1) the basis for the selection of the topic and the significance of the study;
(2) the current status of the selected research;
(3) the content of the study (including the basic idea, framework, the main research approach, methodology
etc.)
A *** is three points, please teach me! How should I write these three points?
Note: I have already written the thesis: the following is the outline of the thesis (including the thesis topic, the main framework of the thesis)
The thesis topic: video compression technology for digital television receivers
Chapter 1: Introduction
I. The development of digital television and the need for video compression;
II. Objective basis for the digital compression of video images;
III.
Three, digital television and receiver (set-top box);
Four, television signal analog-to-digital conversion standards;
Chapter 2: Digital Television Set-Top Box Technology
One, what is a digital television set-top box;
Second, digital television set-top box, the basic principles;
Three, the structure of the digital television set-top box;
IV. The main technologies of digital TV set-top boxes;
Chapter 3: Video Compression Coding Techniques
I Spatial or temporal coding;
II. Weighting;
III. Traversal (Scannng);
IV. Entropy coding;
v. Spatial encoder;
VI. Temporal encoding;
vii. Motion compensation;
viii. Bidirectional encoding;
IX. I, P, and B frames;
x. MPEG compressor;
xi. Preprocessing;
XII. Classes and Levels;
XIII. Wavelets;
Chapter 4: Video Image Compression Standards
I. H.261 Standard;
II. JPEG Standard;
III. MPEG-1 Compression Coding Standard;
IV. MPEG-2 Compression Coding Standard;
V. MPEG-4 Compression Coding Standard;
Conclusion ;
References ;
Question added: The topic was chosen for me by my school! Can you all help me write these three points? I really don't know how to write them! Or can you help me write the first two points~ Thank you for all the friends who helped me! Thank you, everyone! I've got a project due on the 16th
Let's see if this can help you!
I. How to choose a problem
What haunts me together is a question that my supervisor, Prof. Xue Lan, repeatedly asked me during the year of writing the opening report of my doctoral dissertation, "What is your puzzle?" How many times I answered without thinking, "My question is why China's semiconductor industry cannot develop." Mr. Xue's question with its characteristic savings, laughs and does not answer. I was both annoyed and chagrined in my mind: such a simple truth, such an obvious answer, where in the end is wrong?
The mystery lies in the "level" of the question. Unlike a policy research report, an academic article gathers theoretical aspects and solves theoretical problems. Theory is a logical system constructed from a series of presuppositions and terms. Theories in specific fields have their own specific concepts, categories and research paradigms. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories be dialogued; only through dialog can theories be developed. Very few master's and doctoral dissertations are about creating new theories; it would certainly be nice to be able to do so, but it is very difficult. Most of us build on existing theories, and therefore formulate our questions in terms that "insiders" understand and with clear logic. Examination of my initial question "why China's semiconductor industry is not developed", which is only an inquiry into the phenomenon, rather than a theoretical proposition to be proven. My theoretical proposition is: "Is China's industrial policy process an elite-driven *** intellectual process?" In this proposition, the terms "policy process," "elite politics," and "*** knowledge claims" outline the broad theoretical scope and perspective of the study.
Secondly, the selection of issues is a process of "peeling off the shoots". Theoretical issues are always y hidden behind the complex reality, and the discovery of theoretical issues requires the ability to use theoretical thinking. Theoretical thinking training is a long-term accumulation process. However, beginners do not have to be deterred, generally can be divided into "three steps": the first step, first delineate a "scope of interest", such as the semiconductor industry, the information industry, rural health care, higher education system, etc., and browse through the relevant media reports, government documents and academic articles, to find the relevant media reports, government documents, and academic articles. The first step is to define a "scope of interest", such as semiconductor industry, information industry, rural healthcare, higher education system, etc., and widely browse relevant media reports, government literature and academic articles to find the "crux" or "hotspot". The second step is to summarize the theoretical perspectives from which previous researchers have analyzed the "problems" or "hotspots" and the theoretical tools they have used, such as the public finance perspective and the social conflict paradigm. The third step is to examine the researchability of the issue, that is, our own research space and the feasibility of research. For example, are Western theories unable to explain China's problems? Or can the same problem be explained by different theories? Or are there flaws in the premise assumptions and logical deduction of the theory itself? By answering these questions, we find the foothold of our research. But also pay attention to whether it is possible for our research to be completed within the stipulated one to two years? Is data acquisition feasible? And so on.
Finally, how do you state the problem? Stating the problem is essentially the process of crystallizing the core ideas. The viewpoints should come from thinking about and summarizing real problems, not from "cutting the feet to fit the shoes" in order to apply theories. China's political, economic and social development is full of dynamic and rich scenes, how can they be expressed in appropriate terms and precise logic? Ambitious beginners often put forward grandiose concepts or frameworks, but my advice is to narrow the scope of the study as much as possible, clear research object, so as to clarify the object of the memory logic, to ensure that the limited time to complete the specification of the academic
Technical papers. For example, "China's semiconductor industry policy research" is a very vague statement, we can shrink the topic from several aspects: (1) time: from 1980 to 2000; (2) the object: the government's insurgents and decision-making behavior, rather than the market, business, governance structure, etc.; (3) perspective: political and governmental theory of elite research; (4) the object of the study: the government's policy, not the market, business, governance structure, etc.; (5) the study of the government's policy, not the government's policy, not the market. (3) Perspective: elite studies in political and governmental theory; (4) Cases: Project 908, Project 909, Document 13, and Electronic Revitalization, which are two major projects and two important documents in the field of semiconductor policy that took place between 1980 and 2000. With such a clear definition, we focus our attention on the obvious concepts of "policy process", "elite", and "*** knowledge", and the problem will be solved. At the same time, the problem is clear, we in the screening of information and data will have a clear standard, in this "information redundancy" era, can greatly improve the efficiency of research.
Second, how to do a literature review
First of all, we need to distinguish between "Literature Review" and "Backupground Description". When we choose a research problem, we need to understand the background and ins and outs of the problem, such as "the development of China's semiconductor industry", "foreign government policies and problems in the development of semiconductor industry", etc., which belongs to the "Background Description". "Background description", focusing on the reality of the problem, strictly speaking, not "literature review", focusing on the reality of the problem, strictly speaking, not "literature review". "Literature review" is the organization of academic views and theoretical approaches. Second, the literature review is critical (Review means "review"), so with the author's own critical thinking (critical thinking) to summarize and comment on the literature, rather than just a "pile" of academic research in related fields. "The main line of the review should follow the question. The main thread of the review should follow the question, i.e., how do other scholars view and address the question you have posed, and are there any flaws in their methods and theories? If other scholars have already solved the problem you raised perfectly, then there is no need to repeat the research.
With the meaning of literature review clear, let's now talk about how to do a literature review. Granted, it is a responsible research attitude to gather as much information as possible as widely as possible, but if there is a lack of standards, it is very easy to lead one into a quagmire of literature.
Tip 1: Aim for the mainstream. Mainstream literature, such as the core journals in the field, classic works, research reports of specialized departments, views and discussions of important compounds, etc., is a "must" for literature review. Most of the related reports or comments in the mass media, although more or less valuable, but time and energy constraints, can be simplified. How to find out the mainstream of the field? Suggestions from the following ways to start: First, the library of Chinese and foreign academic journals, find one or two "classic" articles, "follow the melon", pay attention to their references. Higher quality academic articles, usually will not ignore the mainstream of the field, the classic literature. Second, the use of school libraries, "China Periodicals Network", "foreign language periodical database search" and foreign language periodicals reading room, can find some of the earlier classic literature. Third, the National Library, some of the 1970s and 1980s or even earlier published social science books, school libraries often do not have a collection, but the National Library is a lot of (all books published in the country have to be sent to the National Library), not only that, the National Library also collects a lot of research on China's politics and government of the foreign language books, from the Internet can be easily queried.
Tip 2: Organize at any time, such as categorizing the literature, recording information about the literature and the location of the collection. Doing a doctoral dissertation is a long time, some of the literature read at the time is not necessarily useful, but after the fact to think about it but can not be found, so sometimes records are necessary. For example, Mr. Luo has accumulated a list of books on China's policy process, and he has also recorded the classification numbers and locations of the books in his collection. At the same time, for particularly important literature, it is worthwhile to make a reading note, excerpting the important points and discussions therein. In this way, step by step, when you really start to write the paper, you will have accumulated a lot of "dry goods", you can enjoy at any time.
Tip 3: Organize the literature review according to the problem. After reading some of the literature, we have a very strong desire to state what we see, like "bamboo tube pour beans", sprawling, spectacular. As if to prove to the reader that they have labored hard. I have written more than 100,000 words of the literature review, and later found that the real meaning of only a few thousand words. Literature review is like a jungle in the literature to open up the road, this road is to point to the problem we want to solve, of course, is the shortest straight-line distance, the most economical, but along the way the scenery is quite a lot of people obsessed with the scenery will tend to meandering jungle, the opposite of the "chaos of flowers", "winding paths through the jungle". The "winding path" do not know where to end up. Therefore, in doing a literature review, the mind should always be clear: I want to solve what problem, people are how to solve the problem, said there is no reason, on the line.
Three, how to write the opening report
The problem is clear, the literature review has been done, the opening report will be called out. The fact is also true that a clear question, often already implies the basic conclusions of the paper; comments on the shortcomings of the existing literature, but also basically implies the direction of improvement. The opening statement is to present these implied conclusions, the logical reasoning that justifies them, clearly.
The purpose of writing an opening report is to ask teachers and experts to help us judge: whether this problem has research value, whether this research methodology is likely to work, whether the logic of this argument has any obvious flaws. Therefore, the main content of the opening report, in accordance with the "purpose and significance of the study", "literature review and theoretical space", "the basic arguments and research methods", "Data collection methods and working steps". Among them, the "basic arguments and research methods" is the focus, many people tend to spend a lot of ink on the literature review, but when it comes to their own research methods, but only a few words, a sweeping. In this case, how can the reviewer judge your research prospects? And how can you give practical guidance and advice on your research methods?
For different topics, research methodology varies greatly. A rigorous and standardized academic research must be supported by rigorous and standardized methods. In the daily teaching of doctoral programs, some teachers are committed to teaching research methods; others highlight the discussion of methodology. This is all conducive to each of us to improve our own knowledge, understanding, selection and application of research methods, and to implement them concretely in our dissertation work.