Format of experimental report 1 1. Introduction of experimental report knowledge
Experimental report is a scientific research document written after the experiment itself is the research object or the experiment is the main research means to obtain scientific research results. The experimental report is scientific, practical and normative in general scientific research literature.
(A) the concept and use of the experimental report
Experimental report is a written material that the experimenter records and describes an experimental process and results completely and truly in a scientific research activity or professional research. It is the summary and generalization of the experimental work, an indispensable part of the whole experimental work and an important embodiment of the experimental results.
In scientific research activities, experiments are an important method to form, develop and test scientific theories or hypotheses. Experimental reports are the sublimation of experimental links and an important part of experimental work. The experimental report has the function of information exchange and data preservation, which is conducive to accumulating research data, summarizing research results, improving experimenters' observation ability, analyzing and solving problems, and cultivating the academic style of integrating theory with practice and the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts.
In professional study, experimental report is a written record of students summarizing experimental principles, operation steps, original data and test results in the experimental process, a way for students to summarize the whole experimental process, and also a basic requirement and an important part of experimental teaching in a specific major. The writing of experimental report can stimulate students' interest in learning, correct students' scientific research attitude, cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems independently, and train students' comprehensive thinking ability and writing ability. It is a simulation training for writing scientific research reports or scientific papers in scientific research work, which is beneficial to students' future scientific research and practical work.
(B) the characteristics of the experimental report
1. scientific
The scientific nature of the experimental report means that the materials reported are true and accurate. The content is correct and objective, the argument is rigorous and sufficient, and it can stand the test of repetition and practice. The conclusion is universal and objective. Without strict scientific nature, the experimental report will lose its value and significance.
Step 2 be practical
The practicality of experimental report means that the experimental report comes from scientific experimental activities, and it is an experimental record and summary that must be carefully written. It is the basic link and requirement of specific professional experimental practice courses, and it has distinct pertinence, operability and repeatability.
3. Standard
The standardization of experimental reports mainly means that the forms and specifications must be expressed according to the unified arrangement standards, which is the scientific requirement of scientific research activities and the practical need of the development of the information age. Only in this way can we realize the efficient and unified recording, sorting, retrieval, evaluation, dissemination and communication of experimental reports.
Second, the writing format and requirements
(A) the writing format
The experimental report has no fixed format in practical application, and generally includes the following contents:
1. Title
The title of the experimental report is the name of the experiment, which is a high summary of the experimental content. There are two appellations: single name and compound name. The former, for example, verifies Ohm's Law and the experimental report on the ways and methods of college students' moral education; the latter, for example, explores a new idea of composition teaching in accordance with the new curriculum concept-the experimental report on the reform of "learning" composition teaching, and the test of soybean chemical quality-protein determination.
The title of natural science experiment report used in teaching is often "experiment report" or "xx course experiment report", and "experiment name" is one of them.
2. Signature and date
The experimental report used in teaching often indicates the experimenter's name, student number, experimental group number and group number, collaborator, date, place, experimental conditions and other information.
The experimental report used in practical work often needs to indicate the researcher's work unit, or the experimenter or person in charge, team leader and writer of a certain topic, and indicate the school. Other people can write it at the end of the report to show that they are responsible for the experimental report, which is convenient for readers to contact.
3. Preface
The preface roughly describes the research object, the significance and function of the experiment, the purpose of the experiment and the preparation of the experiment. Language should be highly concise and general.
Preface can also be called "introduction" in some experimental reports, which concisely explains the source, background, experimental progress, experimental objects and scale of the experimental topic, and shows the practical significance of solving this topic. Sometimes, in the form of "asking questions", it introduces the purpose of the research, the basis of selecting the topic, the significance and value of the research, the research status at home and abroad, the existing problems and research trends, the main content and research framework of the research.
4. Text
(1) experimental principles. Briefly explain the theoretical basis of the experiment, including the important concepts, main laws, axioms, formulas, corresponding circuit diagrams or light path diagrams involved in the experiment.
(2) experimental equipment. Explain the principle, name, model and main specifications of the instruments and equipment used, and the names of instruments and consumables, experimental devices, etc.
(3) Experimental methods. Explain the research methods used in the experimental research, let others know under what conditions and circumstances, by what methods and according to what facts, so as to evaluate the scientific nature of the experimental research and the authenticity and reliability of the results. At the same time, it is convenient for others to repeat the experiment in the same way.
(4) Experimental steps and matters needing attention. According to the specific experiment, write the main operation steps or operation flow chart or operation worksheet, show the process and significance of the experiment, and explain the matters needing attention in the experiment correctly, comprehensively and in detail.
(5) Experimental results. The experimental results are the reflection and embodiment of the value of experimental activities. It is required to record all the experimental results truthfully, including all kinds of phenomena and data in the experiment, and make necessary treatment by substituting formulas and calculations. The experimental results must be true, accurate and reliable.
(6) Analysis and discussion. Indicate the various factors that affect the experiment, the analysis and explanation of various phenomena observed in the experiment, the comparison between the experimental results and the predicted or inferred results, and the regular things found in the experiment. This part is the reflection of the experiment from feeling proportion to rational understanding, expressing the experimenter's point of view.
5. Conclusion
According to the phenomena observed in the experiment and the measured data, a conclusion is drawn.
6. Remarks and explanations
Explain the reasons for success or failure of the experiment and the experience after the experiment. Some types of experimental reports use "appendices" to indicate the important original data collected and accumulated in the process of experimental research and the tools, means and equipment used in experimental research.
7. Reference
At the end of the report, the data sources directly mentioned or quoted in the experimental report shall be indicated. Please refer to the references of academic papers for the arrangement of references. Journals should include the author, the title of the paper, the number of pages, the name of the journal and the issue number, and works should include the name of the author, the title of the book, the name of the publishing house, the publication time and the number of pages.
The above items are not essential in the practical application of the experimental report, and the structure and content of the experimental report should be determined and organized according to the actual needs of the subject characteristics, professional nature and experimental types.
(2) Writing requirements
1. Observe carefully and record truthfully.
The experimenter should carefully observe all kinds of phenomena in the experiment process, analyze the causes of all kinds of phenomena, and record and describe all kinds of phenomena and measured data realistically. Do not exaggerate, shrink or fabricate, do not copy teaching materials or other people's experimental results, and do not resort to deceit.
2. Accurate description and clear hierarchy
When writing, we should accurately introduce the purpose, equipment, principles, methods, steps and conclusions of the experiment, and analyze, deduce and sublimate our understanding according to the experimental results. Reliable data, proper explanation, clear analysis, clear context, accurate and reasonable charts, neat and standardized words, and develop good writing habits. This is also the training of scientific thinking and scientific consciousness.
3. Standardized format and scientific expression
Each content of the experimental report has its own value and function. Writing should be strictly in accordance with the unified format and norms, and items should not be added or subtracted at will. The experimental report should generally use concise short sentences, and the written expression should be concise, clear, appropriate and accurate, avoiding vague and ambiguous expressions, using professional terms as far as possible, and not using self-made non-standard simplified words or codes.
Experiment Report Format 2 Experiment Name
The content of the experiment should be reflected in the most concise language. If a program, law or algorithm is verified, it can be written as "verification ×××"; Analyze ××××××.
Student name, student number and collaborator.
Date and place of experiment (year, month, day)
Experimental purpose
Objective To verify theorems, formulas and algorithms clearly in theory, so that experimenters can gain a profound and systematic understanding, and master the skills and skills of using experimental equipment and the debugging methods of programs in practice. Generally, it is necessary to explain whether it is a verification experiment or a design experiment, an innovative experiment or a comprehensive experiment.
Experimental principle
The main principles related to the experiment are described here.
Experimental content
This is an extremely important content in the experimental report. To grasp the key points, we can consider it from both theory and practice. This part should specifically explain the principle, law algorithm or operation method on which the experiment is based. Detailed theoretical calculation process.
experimental procedure
Write only the main operation steps, don't copy the internship instructions, be concise. You should also draw the flow chart of the experiment (schematic diagram of the structure of the experimental device) with corresponding text descriptions, which can not only save a lot of text descriptions, but also make the experimental report concise and clear.
experimental result
Description of experimental phenomena, processing of experimental data, etc. The original data should be attached to the experimental report of the main operator of this experiment, and the author of the same combination should copy the original data.
There are usually three ways to express the experimental results:
1. Text description: Systematize the original data according to the purpose of the experiment, objectively describe the experimental phenomena and results in accurate technical terms, with time sequence and the relationship between indicators.
2. Chart: tables or coordinate charts are used to make the experimental results prominent and clear, which is convenient for comparison, especially suitable for multiple groups of experiments with consistent observation indexes, so that the similarities and differences between groups can be seen at a glance. Each chart should have a list and a unit of measurement, and it should explain some central issues.
3. Chart
Using the chart drawn by the recorder, the changing trend of these indicators is vivid and intuitive.
In the experimental report, one or several methods can be used in any combination to obtain the best effect.
discuss
According to the relevant theoretical knowledge, the experimental results are explained and analyzed. If the experimental results are consistent with the expected results, what theory can it verify? What is the significance of the experimental results? What's the problem? These are the experimental reports that should be discussed. However, we can't apply the known theory or life experience to the experimental results. Moreover, we can't choose or even modify the experimental results just because they don't conform to the expected results or theories. At this time, it is necessary to analyze the possible reasons for its abnormality. If this experiment fails, it is necessary to find out the reasons for the failure and the matters needing attention in future experiments. Don't simply repeat the theory in the textbook and lack the content of your own active thinking.
In addition, you can also write some experiences of this experiment and put forward some questions or suggestions.
conclusion
The conclusion is not a repetition of the specific experimental results, nor a prospect of future research, but a concise summary of the concepts, principles or theories that can be verified in this experiment. It is a general and general judgment summed up from the experimental results, which should be concise, accurate, rigorous and objective.
Requirements for writing experimental reports
1. The experimental report and the experimental preview report use the same experimental report paper, which can be completed by continuing to supplement the relevant contents on the basis of the preview report, without duplication of work, so the preview report should be standardized and comprehensive first.
According to the experimental requirements, when you go to the laboratory to do experiments during the experimental time, you should record the experimental data while measuring. But in order to make the report accurate and beautiful, the experimental measurement data should be recorded on the draft paper first. When sorting out the report, copy it to the experimental report paper to avoid filling in the data by mistake, causing modification and writing the report in a mess.
3. In the experiment, if the experimental measurement data is inconsistent with the pre-calculated value, or even the difference is too large, then it is necessary to find out the reason, whether it is the original calculation error or the problem in the measurement, so it can only be called an unfinished experiment.
4. The experimental report is not a simple experimental data recording paper, but should have an analysis of the experimental situation. If the error is small (generally less than 5%), it can be considered to be basically the same. If the error is large, there should be error analysis to find out the reason.
5. The experimental report should have the experimental conclusions of each item, and the conclusions should be drawn through the analysis of specific experimental contents and specific experimental data (it can't be said that the so-and-so theorem has been verified in general).
6. Design and comprehensive experiments should draw the designed circuit diagram and mark the selected and determined circuit parameters. There should be an inspection process and necessary design instructions.
7. If necessary, a curve should be drawn, which should be marked with full scale and unit, with appropriate and beautiful proportion, and the curve should be explained and analyzed accordingly.
8. At the end of the report, complete the thinking questions required to be answered in the manual.
9. When handing in the experimental report, the preview results and operation results given by the experimental instructor in the experiment should be signed by the instructor, otherwise the report will be invalid.
Format of Experimental Report Article 3 Course Name:
Course code: College (directly affiliated department): School of Transportation and Automobile Engineering Grade/Major/Class: Student's surname: Student number: Total experimental score: Teacher: School of Opening: Experimental Center of Transportation and Automobile Engineering Name: Automobile Transportation Experimental Center.
Start-up College and Laboratory: Computer Room of Automotive College (5D-2 15) Experimental Time: Year Month Day.
1, experimental purpose
2, experimental equipment, instruments and materials
3. Experimental content
Routine experiment:
3. 1 experimental scheme design and selection (this content is necessary for designing and innovative experiments)
3.2 experimental principle and experimental steps (experimental working principle or main operation process of the experiment)
3.3 Experimental Records (Core Code and Debugging Process)
Note: Science and engineering experiments need to record data, charts, calculations, phenomenon observation, etc. In the course of the experiment, and the problems in the process of the experiment; Others, such as programming, simulation or simulation experiment on computer, need to record the core code of the program and the problems and solutions in the process of program debugging; Record the results of program execution.
Computer experiment:
3. 1 Contents and requirements of computer experiments
3.2 Algorithm design ideas and algorithm implementation steps
3.3 the core code of the program, problems and solutions in the process of program debugging.
3.4 Program Running Results
4. Experimental summary
4. 1 Analysis of experimental results and discussion of problems
4.2 Experiment to sum up experience
Note: The content of experiment summary is different according to the requirements of different disciplines and types of experiments. General science and engineering experiments need to analyze the experimental results and discuss the problems in the experimental process; Programming, simulation or simulation experiments on computer need to analyze the actual effect, experience and suggestions for improvement. Other experiments should summarize the experimental process, write experience and suggestions for improvement.
Note: Please hand-write the format and content requirements of the experimental report in each experimental class according to the requirements of the experimental instruction.
1, experimental purpose
2, experimental equipment, instruments and materials
3. Experimental content
3. 1 Contents and requirements of computer experiments
3.2 Algorithm design ideas and algorithm implementation steps
3.3 the core code of the program, problems and solutions in the process of program debugging.
3.4 Program Running Results
4. Experimental summary
4. 1 Analysis of program running results and discussion of thinking problems
4.2 Experiment to sum up experience
Format of experimental report 4 I. Purpose of demonstration
There are many forms of gas discharge, such as corona discharge, arc discharge and spark discharge. The process and conditions of spark discharge were observed through demonstration experiments.
Second, principles.
First, the distance between the tip electrode and the spherical electrode and the plate electrode is equal. The tip electrode discharges, while the spherical electrode does not. This is because the charge distribution on the conductor is related to the radius of curvature of the conductor. The smaller the radius of curvature on the conductor, the more charge is accumulated (at the tip electrode), the stronger the electric field between the two electrodes, and the air layer is broken down. On the contrary, the less (at the spherical electrode), the weaker the electric field between the two electrodes, and the air layer will not be broken down. When the distance between the tip electrode and the plate electrode is greater than the distance between the spherical electrode and the plate electrode, the electric field between them is very weak and cannot penetrate the air layer. At this time, the distance between the spherical electrode and the flat electrode is the shortest, and the discharge can only occur here.
Third, equipment.
Tip electrode, spherical electrode and flat electrode.
Fourth, the phenomenon demonstration
Let the distance between the tip electrode and the spherical electrode and the plate electrode be equal. The tip electrode discharges, while the spherical electrode does not. Then, the distance between the tip electrode and the plate electrode is greater than that between the spherical electrode and the plate electrode, and the discharge occurs between the spherical electrode and the plate electrode.
Discussion and reflection on verbs (abbreviation of verb)
It is best not to walk in an empty and flat field during a thunderstorm. Why?
Format of Experimental Report Article 5 Requirements of Experimental Report
1. Carefully complete the experimental report, and use the experimental report paper of China Ocean University and drawing paper for drawing.
2. The circuit diagram, light path diagram and table in the report must be drawn with a ruler. Pens and ballpoint pens are not allowed for data.
3. On the basis of understanding, write the experimental principle concisely, and do not advocate copying books in large sections.
4. To discuss specific experimental phenomena and problems.
Experimental report format
1. Student's name, student number, experimental group number and group number;
2. Experimental topics;
3. Purpose requirements;
4. Instruments: instrument name and main specifications (including measuring range and dividing value, etc.). ) and the name of the appliance;
5. Experimental principle: simple but grasp the main points, that is, write down the name of the formula, the expression of the formula, the name of the physical quantity in the formula and the conditions for the establishment of the formula. Draw a circuit diagram, light path diagram, etc.
6. Experimental content: It should include the main experimental steps, measurement and adjustment methods, observed phenomena, changing rules and corresponding explanations.
7. Data processing: drawing data tables (indicating physical quantities and units); Processing data according to experimental requirements.
Write down the process and errors.
8. Result discussion: write a conclusion and discuss the problems existing in the experiment and further ideas;
9. homework questions.
Format of experimental report Article 6 An experimental research report is a comprehensive summary of the whole process of scientific experiment after the experiment, so as to provide objective and universal written materials that can reflect the whole process and its results. Therefore, writing a good experimental research report plays an important role in summarizing and popularizing experiments.
The experimental research report mainly consists of the subject, the person in charge of the project and the members of the research group, the origin of the subject, the purpose and significance of the subject, the experimental methods, the implementation results, the analysis and discussion, the conclusions and the references.
(1) title
Use concise, general and clear sentences to reflect the objects, fields, methods and problems of the experiment, so that readers can see at a glance and judge whether it is worth reading.
(2) Project leader and members of the research group
Write the names of leaders and research team members.
(3) the origin of the discipline
Briefly explain the background and source of the topic, that is, the problem.
(4) The purpose and significance of the project.
① Explain the importance of the experiment and reveal the motivation and purpose of the experiment.
② Explain the basis, experimental object, progress and scale of the selected topic, and reveal the value and significance of the selected topic.
③ Research achievements, current situation, problems and trends at home and abroad.
④ Explain the problems to be solved in the experiment.
(5) experimental methods
This is one of the main contents of the experimental research report, which not only emphasizes the research method and process, but also emphasizes the scientificity. Tell readers under what conditions and circumstances, with what methods, according to what facts, so as to judge the scientific nature of experimental research and the authenticity and reliability of experimental results.
Mainly includes the following basic contents:
① Definition and elaboration of main concepts.
(2) How to choose the experimental subjects, experimental organization types and grouping rosters.
③ What are the experimental factors?
④ What methods are used to control which irrelevant factors.
⑤ Experimental steps.
⑥ Measuring materials and experimental equipment.
⑦ Collection and analysis of experimental data.
(6) Experimental results
The experimental results are the core content of the experimental research report. The most important thing in experimental results is to explain the relationship between each result and experimental hypothesis. There are two main contents:
① Make a preliminary arrangement and analysis of the collected original data, typical cases and observation data in the form of statistical tables and charts.
② Statistical test is used to describe the relationship between experimental factors and experimental results. Get the final result of the research, and then analyze and explain the facts of the experimental conclusion.
(7) Analysis and discussion
① Theoretically analyze and demonstrate the experimental results.
② Discuss the scientificity and limitations of the experimental methods in the experiment.
③ Put forward the problems to be further studied.
(8) Conclusion
The experimental result is the summary of the whole experiment. Therefore, we should give clear answers to the questions of experimental research and draw general conclusions to make them objective and universal. When making a conclusion, we should be accurate and concise in language, rigorous in reasoning, theoretical and logical.
9. Reference
At the end of the experimental research report, the data sources directly mentioned or quoted in the report should be listed.