Chapter 5 Accidental Emergency Rescue
Section 3: Exercise and Review of Accidental Emergency Rescue Plan
Syllabus Requirements:
To test the examiners' familiarity with the accidental emergency rescue system; mastery of the accidental emergency rescue plan; and mastery of the exercise and review of accidental emergency rescue plan.
To test the examiner's familiarity with the accident emergency rescue system; mastery of the accident emergency rescue plan; mastery of the accident emergency rescue plan exercise and evaluation.
Changes in the chapter outline: the same as the 2004 outline requirements
Examination content:
Section 3: Accidental emergency rescue plan exercise and evaluation
1. Understand the basic requirements of the accidental emergency rescue plan exercise;
2. Familiarize with the types of accidental emergency rescue plan exercise, the basic tasks and the implementation process;
3. Understand the basic requirements of accidental emergency rescue plan exercise;
3. p> 3. Understand the review method and content of the accident emergency rescue plan drill effect.
Changes in the syllabus:
The same as the 2004 syllabus
Key points of this lecture:
1, types of drills and participants
2, evaluation of the results of the drills
Explanation of the contents:
A. Types of drills and participants
The third section of the emergency response plan exercise
The first section of the emergency response plan is the first section of the emergency response plan, which is the first section of the emergency response plan, and the second section is the first section of the emergency response plan. p>
The emergency plan drill is an important means of testing, evaluating and maintaining emergency response capabilities. Its important role is highlighted in: can be in the accident really happened before the exposure of the flaws in the plan and procedures, found that the shortage of emergency resources (including manpower and equipment, etc.), improve the coordination between the various emergency departments, agencies, personnel, enhance the public to deal with sudden major accidents and rescue confidence and awareness of emergency response, improve the proficiency of the emergency response personnel and the level of technology, to further clarify their respective positions and responsibilities, to improve coordination between all levels of plan Coordination between the various levels of the plan to improve the overall emergency response capability.
I. Types of drills
Emergency drills of different scales can be used to assess the completeness and thoroughness of the emergency plan, such as desktop drills, functional drills and comprehensive drills.
(A) tabletop exercise
Tabletop exercise refers to the representatives of the emergency organization or key personnel to participate in, in accordance with the emergency plan and its standard working procedures, to discuss the action to be taken in the event of an emergency exercise activities. Tabletop exercises are characterized by a verbal rehearsal of the exercise scenario, usually held in a conference room. Its main purpose is to exercise the problem-solving ability of the participants, as well as to solve the problem of emergency organization collaboration and division of responsibilities.
Tabletop exercises are generally limited to limited emergency response and internal coordination activities, with emergency responders drawn primarily from local emergency response organizations, and are generally followed by a verbal comment period to gather suggestions from the participants, and a short written report summarizing the exercise activities and making recommendations for improving the emergency response effort. The tabletop exercise method is less costly and mainly prepares for functional and full-scale exercises.
(ii) functional exercises
Functional exercises are exercises held for an emergency response function or some of the emergency response actions, the main purpose is to respond to the emergency response function, test the emergency personnel and emergency response system planning and response capabilities. For example, the command and control function of the exercise, the purpose of which is to test, evaluate multiple government departments in the emergency state to achieve centralized operation and response capabilities, the exercise location is mainly focused on a number of emergency command centers or field command, and carry out a limited number of on-site activities, call a limited number of external resources.
Functional exercises are larger than desktop exercises and require the mobilization of more emergency personnel and agencies, thus making coordination more difficult with the participation of more organizations. Upon completion of the exercise, in addition to the form of verbal comments, a written report on the exercise activities should be submitted to the local community with recommendations for improvement.
(C) comprehensive exercise
Comprehensive exercise refers to all or most of the emergency response functions for the emergency plan, test, evaluate the emergency organization emergency operation ability of the exercise activities. Comprehensive exercises are generally required to last several hours, to take an interactive approach, the exercise process requires as real as possible, call more emergency personnel and resources, and carry out personnel, equipment and other resources of the actual exercise, in order to test the mutual coordination of emergency response capabilities. Similar to the functional exercise, after the completion of the exercise, in addition to taking oral comments and written reports, a formal written report should be submitted.
The organizer or planner of an emergency exercise should consider the following factors when determining which type of exercise method to adopt:
(1) the progress of the development of emergency plans and response procedures.
(2) The nature and magnitude of the risk to the jurisdiction.
(3) The existing emergency response capabilities of the jurisdiction.
(4) The cost and funding status of emergency response exercises.
(5) The attitude of the relevant government departments towards emergency drills.
(6) The status of resources invested by emergency organizations.
(7) The regulations on emergency drills issued by the state and local government departments.
Regardless of the choice of exercise methods, the emergency exercise program must be compatible with the needs and resource conditions of the jurisdiction's emergency management of major accidents.
Second, the participants of the exercise
The participants of the emergency response exercise include participants, controllers, simulators, evaluators and observers. These five types of personnel in the exercise process have an important role, and in the exercise process should be able to show their identity to wear the identifier.
(a) Participants
Participants in the emergency response organization to undertake specific tasks, and in the exercise process as far as possible on the exercise scenarios or simulated events to make the real scenarios may be taken in response to the action of the personnel, equivalent to what is usually called the actor. The specific tasks undertaken by the participants mainly include:
(1) rescue the injured or trapped people.
(2) Protecting property or public health.
(3) Acquiring and managing all types of emergency resources.
(4) Work in concert with other emergency responders to deal with major incidents or emergencies.
(2) control personnel
Control personnel refers to the exercise scenarios, according to the exercise, control the progress of the exercise time. Control personnel in accordance with the requirements of the exercise program and exercise plan, guide the participants in the response procedures, and constantly give the situation or news, for the commanders to participate in the exercise to judge, put forward countermeasures. Its main tasks include:
(1) to ensure that the provisions of the exercise program has been fully rehearsed to facilitate the evaluation work.
(2) Ensure that the exercise activities are tasking and challenging.
(3) Ensure that the exercise is on schedule.
(4) Answer questions from participants and resolve issues that arise during the exercise.
(5) Ensure the safety of the exercise process.
(C) simulation personnel
Simulation personnel refers to the exercise process to play, instead of some emergency organizations and services, or simulate the emergency, the development of personnel. Its main tasks include:
(1) play, replace the normal situation or response to the actual emergency should interact with the emergency command center, on-site emergency command post of the institutions or services. For various reasons, these agencies or services are not participating in this exercise.
(2) Simulate the process of an incident, such as releasing smoke, simulating meteorological conditions, and simulating a spill.
(3) Simulation of victimized or affected persons.
(d) Evaluators
Evaluators are those who are responsible for observing the progress of the exercise and recording it. Its main tasks include:
(1) Observe the emergency actions of the participants, and record the results of the observation.
(2) Assisting the controller to ensure that the exercise proceeds as planned, without interfering with the work of the participants.
(5) Observers
Observers are those from the relevant departments, external organizations and spectators who observe the exercise process.
Third, the basic process of exercise implementation
As the emergency exercise is a series of acts and activities by many institutions and organizations **** with the participation of the emergency exercise organization and implementation is a very complex task, the establishment of the emergency exercise planning team (or leadership team) is the key to the successful organization of the work of the emergency exercise. The planning team should be composed of a variety of professionals, including personnel from the fire, public security, medical emergency, emergency management, municipal, school, meteorological departments, as well as representatives of the news media, enterprises, transportation units, etc.; if necessary, the military, nuclear emergency response organizations or agencies can also send personnel to participate in the planning team. In order to ensure the success of the exercise, the participants are not allowed to participate in the planning team, not to mention the design of the exercise program.
The process of comprehensive emergency drill can be divided into drill preparation, drill implementation and drill summary of three stages, the basic tasks of each stage as shown in Figure 5-6.
Figure 5-6 The basic process of comprehensive emergency drill implementation
Second, the evaluation of the results of the drill
Fourth, the evaluation of the results of the drill
The end of the emergency drill should be evaluated on the effectiveness of the drill, and submit a drill report detailing the problems found in the course of the drill. According to the degree of impact on the timely effectiveness of emergency rescue work, the problems found during the exercise are divided into insufficient items, rectification items and improvement items.
(a) Deficiencies
Deficiencies refer to emergency preparedness deficiencies observed or identified in the course of the exercise, which may result in the failure to ensure that the emergency organization or emergency rescue system has the ability to take a reasonable response to protect the public's safety and health in the event of an emergency. Deficiencies should be corrected within a specified time frame. When a problem identified during the exercise is determined to be a deficiency, the planning team leader shall provide a detailed description of the deficiency and give the corrective action to be taken and the time frame for completion. The elements of emergency planning that are most likely to result in deficiencies include: assignment of responsibilities, emergency resources, alerts, notification methods and procedures, communications, assessment of the situation, public education and public **** information, protective measures, safety of emergency personnel and emergency medical services.
(ii) Rectification
Rectification refers to emergency preparedness deficiencies observed or identified during the exercise that are individually unlikely to adversely affect the safety and health of the public during an emergency response. Rectification items should be corrected prior to the next exercise. Rectification items may be classified as deficiencies in the following two situations: first, the existence of more than 2 rectification items in a particular emergency response organization, *** the same role can affect the ability to protect the safety and health of the public; and second, a particular emergency response organization in the process of multiple exercises, recurring problems with rectification items identified in the previous exercise.
(C) improvement
Improvement refers to the emergency preparedness process should be improved. Improvement is different from the shortcomings and corrective action, it will not have a serious impact on the safety and health of personnel, depending on the situation to be improved, do not have to ask to be corrected.
Summary: This lecture focuses on learning the types of accident emergency rescue plan exercise, the basic tasks and implementation process.