How to write a research outline There are two forms of research outline:
Narrative and questioning. The former directly stipulates the contents of the investigation, and the article lists the contents of the investigation. The latter is outlined in the form of questions, which is more convenient for investigators to find and solve problems.
Generally speaking, the research report has the following three characteristics:
1, with strong pertinence. Investigation and research usually have predetermined topics or topics, so the investigation report must be written closely around the determined topics or topics, and should not contain too much content. If there are many topics to be investigated, it can be divided into several sub-reports and then summarized into a comprehensive general report. But measured by the requirements of teams and groups and general enterprises, should it be? The entrance is filial and the topic is prominent? The research report is appropriate.
2, editing narrative editing discussion. The writing method of investigation report should pay equal attention to narrative part, analysis part and discussion part, focus on narrative facts and make clear the things to be investigated; But there must be rational and objective analysis to make the truth clear; Of course, there should be discussions to highlight the points. This kind of research report is weighty, which can let readers know the facts and the truth.
3. Explain the viewpoint of the article with detailed facts. The research report must have opinions, but it can't go from theory to theory, and pure theoretical articles still can't explain the problem. Since the research report is a conclusion drawn after in-depth and meticulous research, it is necessary to speak with examples of research and take facts as the supporting surface of the article's point of view. Such a research report is convincing.
The above three characteristics prove that the research report has the nature of work summary, comment and news report, which is the synthesis of these three styles.
There are many kinds of research reports. From the simple classification point of view, the general enterprises often encounter roughly several types:
1, a typical experience class. Typical experience comes from practice and has a strong guiding role in everyone's study. For example, the team of workers and inventors of a large state-owned enterprise has a certain position in China and even the world. So, how were these advanced models discovered? How is it cultivated? How did they grow up? The research report will make an in-depth investigation on the emergence and development of this advanced team, and sum up some regular, instructive and operational experiences for other enterprises to learn and learn from.
2. new things. In today's era of innovation, new things emerge one after another, especially in technological innovation. There are many inventions, innovative projects and new technologies used in all walks of life. For example, a large number of packaging rolls are used every day on the production line. It turned out that when there were still a few circles of paper left on the paper shaft, the paper tube was changed. After a team's technical research, the technical problem was solved, and the wrapping paper can be replaced with a new paper tube in just a few centimeters. Then, this research report can bring together the driving force of technological innovation, the process of experiment, successful experience and the significance of promotion, so that other production teams of the same type can also learn from it. Such a research report is of great guiding significance for enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency, represents the direction of progress and development, and has strong vitality.
3. Exposure problem category. We are speeding up the process of legalization, but in some places and enterprises, due to various reasons, there will still be some unsatisfactory places, and even some violations of law and discipline will occur. For example, in some private enterprises, the employment is still very irregular, which directly infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of workers. This is a problem in reality, and it is also the focus of the party and the government, and it is also the focus of workers' concern. The investigation and study of these situations can have a great impact on social progress. However, when writing a research report that exposes problems, we should pay attention to the fact that the cited materials must be true and the cited data must be conclusive, so that such a research report can be effective and powerful.
To write a research report, you must make full preparations, including:
1, topic preparation. First of all, we should determine the object of investigation and choose the angle of investigation writing. The determined topic should be of moderate size, and the angle of choice should be innovative and unconventional.
2. Theoretical preparation. The research report should have opinions, analysis and discussion, which requires certain theoretical literacy. So after determining the topic, you should learn the principles, policies, laws and regulations related to this topic.
3. Mental preparation. It is necessary to correct the attitude of investigation with the concept of materialism, go deep into the grassroots, the reality and the masses, and not take it for granted, take it for granted, be emotional and follow the trend.
4. Outline preparation. To list the investigation plan, including the investigation object, investigation content, investigation focus, investigation method, investigation time and matters needing attention.
After the investigation, we should pay attention to the investigation methods. If the investigation method is improper, the expected effect will not be achieved, or even counterproductive. Therefore, the following methods can be used in the investigation:
1, multistage. Investigate the leaders, the parties and the surrounding people.
2. Multi-channel. Master ready-made written materials, hold symposiums, conduct individual interviews, and ask respondents to fill out questionnaires.
3. Multi-faceted. In order to make an objective and fair evaluation, we should listen to both positive and negative opinions.
A research report generally consists of three parts:
1, introduction. We can briefly describe the origin, time, place, object and method of the investigation, and then highlight the points that need to be clarified in the investigation report.
2, the text. According to the nature of the problems found in the investigation, they can be classified and described point by point. It can also be described according to all aspects of the work in the investigation; It can also be described according to the time sequence of investigation or the stage of development and evolution of things.
3. concluding remarks. Can summarize the full text and deepen the theme; You can also ask questions and point out methods to enlighten people; It can also point out the development direction, look forward to the development prospect and give people encouragement.
How to write a model essay on the research outline: a table of contents.
I. Introduction
Second, the background of the topic
Three. Investigate the implementation plan and scheme.
Four. additional
I. Introduction
(1) Research topic: Feasibility and sustainability of rural education grants —— Taking Gaizu Township, Yanyuan County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province as an example.
(2) Research purpose: To investigate whether the grant scheme is feasible and sustainable, and whether it can support more children in mountainous areas to receive education and continue their studies.
(3) Research objects: local non-profit organizations, schools (mainly middle schools), children (subsidized and non-subsidized), parents of children and other villagers.
(4) Research contents:
1. Distribution of existing grants:
2. Shortcomings and blind spots in the development of existing rural grants;
3. Feasibility and sustainability of grants;
4. How to avoid blind spots in financial aid (for example, how to ensure the effectiveness and transparency in the implementation process, and whether the investigation conditions for subsidizing students are reasonable and appropriate).
(V) Research methods: social research methods such as literature study, questionnaire survey and interview.
(6) Research time: 201July 31July 201July 25, 3 (it will fluctuate slightly according to the actual situation).
Second, the background of the topic
(1) Questions raised
The team that initiated this research is Guangdong University of Foreign Studies? Building a dream hometown? The charity team has been established for nearly two years. In the past two years, the team has accumulated a lot of help experience in Liangshan, Sichuan. After long-term communication with local public welfare organizations and schools, we have deepened our understanding of the local situation, and determined the research topic after fully understanding the local area and preliminary research, making the topic more targeted and practical.
Through short-term teaching in summer vacation and two surveys in winter vacation in recent two years, our team learned that many students in Liangshan Yi area of Sichuan dropped out of primary school to junior high school, and even dropped out of junior high school to senior high school. The main reason is that the current funding is more concentrated in primary schools and universities, while ignoring the needs of junior and senior high school students. We hope to understand the actual needs of this group through the investigation of the family status and learning situation of local junior and senior high school students and help more students to continue their studies. At the same time, it can analyze the feasibility and sustainability of the dream scholarship project, and provide the basis for the implementation of the scholarship project in the future.
For the rural financial assistance in this area, the current situation is roughly as follows: (1) there is a general lack of educational resources; Most of the financial aid is for primary schools; High school funds are not taken seriously. In the final analysis, this way of allocating educational resources is helpful to improve the overall quality of local children, but it is also difficult to train talents, which is not conducive to the long-term development of the local area.
In addition, take Yanyuan County as an example, with an area of 8,388 square meters, but there are only 8 junior high schools and 2 senior high schools in the county, and children who can pass the joint entrance examination for primary schools and junior high schools stand out. Moreover, in mountainous areas, there are still many potential students who do well in primary schools. Because of family poverty or conceptual problems, they can't continue their studies, which eventually leads to dropping out of school and wasting human resources in mountainous areas. Supporting potential students in mountainous areas to complete their studies is also an effort to change the future of mountainous areas for them. Such excellent children have a strong demand for continuing education. By subsidizing them, we can better make the donated funds have a positive impact on them. Education is the key to change their fate, and it is also the key to change the fate of mountainous areas. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish a sustainable scholarship mechanism in mountainous areas.
How should the distribution of rural educational resources meet children's educational needs? Make good use of the existing educational resources, so that they can have a better development after receiving basic education, and improve the overall quality of life in the local area through high-level secondary education other than basic education, so that they don't have to follow the old path of the model life of rural elders because of lack of funds, and they don't have to become? Migrant workers? .
Therefore, in order to better solve the above problems, we will take Gaizu Township, Yanyuan County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province as an example, and from the perspective of education aid, a local child, investigate whether the dream scholarship program is feasible, how to ensure its effectiveness and transparency in the implementation process, and whether the conditions for subsidizing students are reasonable and appropriate, so as to gradually improve the dream scholarship program and let more mountain children receive education and continue their studies. We hope that this survey can improve the local education situation to some extent and meet the educational needs.
(B) Research significance and background
1. Theoretical significance:
Based on the team's existing research results, existing relevant research documents and current policies, and based on the local actual situation, this paper analyzes the problem of student aid in Gaizu Township, Yanyuan County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, and will not simply stay in understanding and collecting the local basic situation, but establish the sustainability of team student aid, fully analyze and investigate the local actual situation, and strive to investigate whether the dream-aid program is feasible through this investigation. In the process of implementation, how to ensure the effectiveness and transparency, and examine whether the conditions for subsidizing students are reasonable and appropriate, so as to gradually improve the dream-building grant program, solve related practical problems, and determine the future development and practice direction of the grant.
Through multi-angle analysis, the team will take the whole process of grant as the main idea, and determine its feasibility and development direction from each link in the process. From the very beginning, we formulated clear research criteria, including who to give aid to, the screening criteria for different grants, the possible ways of raising social donation funds, the way of sending donations to children, the follow-up of children's situation in the later period, and the feedback to all sectors of society.
The following will explain the different nodes in this process from the existing grant aspect:
(1) List of aided children: basic data sources of children, basic entry criteria of potential aided children, age of aided children, etc.
(2) screening criteria and methods;
(3) Social donation: the amount of each donation: how to donate: the way of donation, etc. ;
(4) Donation delivery: mode: fund tracking, etc. ;
(5) Tracking children's situation: information symmetry and information symmetry during school.
(6) Feedback: It mainly involves objectives and methods (key donors, broad donors, the public, etc.). ).
2. Practical significance:
This study is based on the team's own early experience and information, as well as the team's existing public welfare development direction. Through a large number of literature retrieval in the early stage, we found that as far as the existing research papers are concerned, most of the existing research only stays at? World view? At the level of a? Find a problem and ask a question? The stage, most of it is not from reality? Rural grants? ? Methodology? Yes, is it? How? Make a better, deeper and more targeted investigation on the problem of education funds; Similarly, after most team surveys, most of the papers formed only ask questions, but provide macro-level solutions, and the actual situation in the surveyed places remains unchanged.
The research to be conducted by the team this time is based on team development. In order to make this survey more enlightening and instructive, we should consider it from the perspective of feasibility and sustainability, and we can focus on it throughout the investigation process. Feasibility and sustainability? Conduct corresponding regional visits, problem design and interviews; At the same time, I visited experienced public welfare organizations to discuss the practicability of the grant project, that is, Methodology? The problem can be guaranteed to some extent. After this investigation, the team can reflect the substantive significance of this investigation in the later research results and the future project development direction of the team.
3. Background:
At present, the development of rural education funds based on grants has attracted much attention and support from all walks of life. The present situation of rural grants in China is that in order to improve children's education rate and literacy rate in one school year, social requirements mostly emphasize basic education. Generally speaking, there are abundant funds for basic education, but little attention is paid to the expenses of secondary education at the important stage of life and academic progress;
In addition to the trend of the whole society to help mountainous areas, we choose the funding of junior high school education. At the same time, through the original investigation and analysis of the local situation, we also come to the conclusion that there is a strong demand for grants in middle schools.
The research site is located in Yanyuan County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The following will be analyzed from the existing situation on site:
(1) The economic conditions are generally poor:
Yanyuan County has a relatively developed apple industry, tobacco industry and tourism industry, but its economic development in Liangshan Prefecture is relatively good, but its per capita income level is low (agriculture and alpine animal husbandry are the main industries), so it is difficult for families to afford tuition and fees, accommodation fees, meals and other expenses for their children to go to middle schools far away from their family's place of residence. Children in junior high school don't enjoy free lunch, and there are no foreign teachers in senior high school, so the tuition is high.
(2) There is great academic competition:
Yanyuan County has 8 junior high schools and only 2 senior high schools, covering an area of 8,388 square meters. The number of schools is small and it is difficult to meet the needs of children's further education. In this way, students who can be admitted to junior high school are limited, and those who are admitted to high school are one in a million.
(3) Less families are supported:
Children in Liangshan generally go to school late, and most of them have reached the age of 15 and 16 when they graduate from primary school. Many children go out to work to support their families, and families generally have little desire to support their children to continue their studies.
(4) Children's own willingness to learn:
Living in a mountainous area, the surrounding learning atmosphere is not strong, and many children have little interest in learning and great competition, so it is difficult for most children to continue their studies.
To sum up, after fierce competition in local junior high schools, there is a certain guarantee that children can attend junior high schools:
(1) children have good grades and can stand out from the fierce academic competition;
(2) family support, even if you are tired again, you should send your children to school;
(3) Children are willing to learn and can read persistently, optimistically and actively;
(4) Being able to predict children's future development to a certain extent and be able to return to their hometown;
(5) The investment in grants can show its positive and effective influence on children;
Therefore, it is more targeted and effective to choose grants for middle school students.
Three. Investigate the implementation plan and scheme.
(a) the choice and description of the research site
1. Study site selection: Gaizu Township, Yanyuan County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province;
2. Reasons for choosing the research site:
(1) Local foundation: After more than one year of communication with the local area, the team has established good contacts with relevant local organizations, schools and their staff, and now has a preliminary regional research foundation, which can ensure the safety of research members to a certain extent;
(2) Problems in practice: In the early stage of the team's local investigation and helping local practice, the team found some related problems, such as uneven distribution of education funds and insufficient transparency, which greatly affected the development path of local children;
(3) Thought: Yanyuan County, as one of the big counties in Liangshan Prefecture, is open-minded and can accept outsiders to enter the local area. Still there? Chinese dream? Call, and then what? Urbanization? Under the impetus of, is there anything else in the county in mountainous and rural areas? Urbanization? Suddenly, development is typical;
(4) Transportation: The area is close to Lugu Lake tourist area in Sichuan, with relatively developed transportation and a certain transportation foundation, which can ensure the travel of survey members between survey areas;
(5) Regional typicality: this place is located at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan, mainly in mountainous areas. The particularity of its topography is of universal significance to the whole Liangshan area, and the rural education and people's thoughts in the residence are typical.
(6) Ethnic Diversity: The region is inhabited by Han, Yi, Mongolian, Tibetan and other ethnic minorities, with multi-ethnic, multi-ethnic cultures and diverse cultures, which can better cover most ethnic types in Southwest China (Yunnan, Guichuan and other places) and the development of education funds.
(2) Investigation and research methods and explanations
1. Investigation and research methods:
Social research methods such as literature study, questionnaire survey and interview were used to study.
2. Description of research methods:
(1) Study period:
In the early stage of this study, we will mainly conduct qualitative analysis through telephone interviews and summing up past experience. Then on the basis of qualitative analysis, the feasibility of this direction is determined from the aspects of the whole funding process, the selection of funding groups, the screening criteria of different funding, the way of raising social donation funds, the way of sending donations to children, the tracking of children's situation in the later period, and the feedback from all walks of life.
In the main time period of the whole investigation (that is, in the time period where the investigation took place), the methods such as field investigation, personal interview and questionnaire were mainly used. We will use these methods to conduct a more detailed investigation on the flow of subsidies from all aspects.
In the early stage, I will visit non-profit organizations with certain experience in granting grants to understand the main contents and corresponding standards of their grants, and conduct interviews and questionnaires with original network information (including second-hand literature and materials) to further understand their corresponding information;
The second is to communicate with the local middle school after long-term contact, mainly through field visits and interviews to understand the existing ways of social aid scholarships, the screening criteria for recipients, the effectiveness of utilization, the transparency of funds and other issues, and collect their opinions and suggestions;
Finally, understanding the local subsidized children and middle school students, mainly through questionnaires and interviews, from the children themselves, parents' attitudes, and other villagers in the village (such as neighbors), will involve the basic status of maturity and the attitudes of relevant personnel.
In this long-lasting research, the team will pay attention to the educational funding needs of rural children, mainly through field trips, interviews and interviews. This study will not only have detailed and in-depth data investigation and analysis, but also intervene from the perspective of college students' non-profit organizations with practical experience in order to explore this issue more comprehensively and deeply.
(2) The program block diagram of the question is as follows:
This study will adopt a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Considering the special communication conditions in mountainous areas and the general understanding ability of the respondents, qualitative methods are mainly adopted, supplemented by quantitative methods (questionnaires).
Literature analysis and research summary? Determine the research object? Research design (including school screening, local communication non-profit organization screening, mountain background investigation, interview design)? Take a small sample for pre-test (summarize interview answers and adjust interview questions to calculate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire)? Revise the research (including questionnaires and interviews)? On-the-spot investigation and research (including all kinds of data collection of relevant schools), interviews with non-profit organizations and schools (understanding the lack of education funds for local students in their eyes and digging lessons), people (collecting and sorting out relevant problems of students of different ages, parents' expectations, other villagers' views, etc.). )? Summary and analysis of survey data (SPSS statistical analysis method)? Re-check in the local area and summarize feasible and sustainable funding suggestions? Report writing.
(3) research advantages and explanations
1. Team advantage and base camp advantage:
The research direction mainly comes from the existing public welfare team of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies? Building a dream hometown? Through practice, corresponding practical experience and preliminary research. ? Building a dream hometown? The charity team was established on June 2011/kloc-0. This team has been established for two years. During this period, the team has accumulated a lot of experience in helping Liangshan in Sichuan, and the management model has gradually matured. After long-term communication with local public welfare organizations and schools, I have deepened my understanding of the local situation, and determined this research topic after I have a full understanding of the local area, making the topic more targeted and practical. At the same time, in the past two years' development, the team has not only won the support of its universities, but also established a good cooperation model with local non-profit organizations, school leaders and their teachers. Liangshan, Sichuan, as the project execution place of the team, has the advantage of establishing research topics. In addition, our team is small, which is convenient for information exchange, management and efficient work.
2. Membership advantages:
The members of this research team are mainly from the original? Building a dream hometown? Public welfare team, most members have public welfare practice and research experience, and are more speculative and directional about public welfare and research topics; There are Sichuanese in the team, who can speak fluent local language and be familiar with local culture, which is more conducive to communication during the investigation. Moreover, the team members are not only involved in administrative management, law and other related research disciplines, but also other professional members. They have multi-disciplinary advantages in the research process, and can better think about problems from different disciplines. As the instructor of the school voluntary action guidance center, the team consultant has rich discipline foundation and experience in the practice and management of voluntary work.
3. The research topic is highly targeted:
The research topic is mainly aimed at the grant problem of rural children, and it is investigated from many angles. After consulting the analysis data, the existing research results are not deep or comprehensive enough, and the feasibility is low; This topic has strong pertinence, small research scope and clear positioning? Gaizu Township, Yanyuan County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, this research tends to focus on Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, and study the feasibility and sustainability in combination with the local actual situation, rather than talking about it in isolation from the actual Kan Kan.
4. Have a certain understanding of the research site:
The team has conducted preliminary research and teaching practice in Liangshan, and has a certain understanding of the research site. At the same time, in the process of long-term assistance, we have a deeper understanding of the communication, behavior patterns and related cultures between local people (including their ethnic minorities) and people related to the research topic. At the same time, I have established deep feelings with local children (mainly primary schools and junior high schools), so I have a deeper understanding of the problem, which is more conducive to raising and solving problems efficiently.
5. Pay attention to the influence of culture, and the topic is more humanistic:
In this survey, the team not only pays attention to the progress of the project, but also cares about the local children. Different from other rural research teams, we are more based on the long-term development of children's educational funding needs, not just the flow of grants themselves. At the same time, it also pays attention to the combination with local minority culture and special Han culture, and pays attention to the special education grant needs of children in minority areas.
6. The topic is of high value, the results can be used for reference, and it is likely to be realized and has great effect:
Our team has established good cooperative relations with relevant organizations and enterprises and has a wide range of available resources. After this investigation, the team's achievements can be used for reference by other relevant organizations, such as: working with financial donors in Guangdong and local non-profit organizations in Liangshan to promote the ability development of Liangshan children and solve problems better by promoting the docking of resources between the two places.
7. The team has a certain foundation of financial practice:
After three field visits in Liangshan, it is found that there is a certain foundation of financial practice and the direction of capital expenditure, and the ability to control funds is higher, the finance is more open and transparent, and there is a good internal summary and external feedback mechanism. The above experience can reasonably allocate the expenditure proportion of this study.
Four. additional
Mainly display the attachments related to the survey. The following are four attachments sent with the paper.
(a) timetable for investigation and practice
Because the attachment information is more specific, please pay attention to the reply email for the actual time promotion information.
(B) for teachers to investigate and interview questions
As the attachment information is more specific, please pay attention to replying to the email of the competition for the actual interview information.
(C) for parents' research and interviews
As the attachment information is more specific, please pay attention to replying to the email of the competition for the actual interview information.
(d) student research questionnaire
As the attachment information is more specific, please pay attention to the reply email to get the actual questionnaire information.