1. The whole life of a construction project includes: decision-making stage, implementation stage and use stage. The implementation stage includes preparation stage before design, design stage, construction stage, preparation stage before use and warranty period.
Project management objectives: construction cost objectives, construction progress objectives and construction quality objectives.
2. The project management objectives and tasks of the constructor Project management tasks: construction safety management, construction quality control, construction progress control, construction quality control,
Construction contract management, construction information management, organization and coordination related to construction.
3. The project management of the contractor mainly serves the overall interests of the project and the interests of the contractor itself;
Its project management objectives include construction cost objectives, construction progress objectives and construction quality objectives.
4. The project management of the constructor is mainly carried out in the construction stage, but it also involves the design preparation stage, design stage, preparation stage before use and warranty period. (i.e. the whole implementation period)
Construction projects are all one-off, and no two projects are exactly the same. 1, characteristics of construction projects
The life cycle of a project generally consists of decision-making stage, implementation stage and operation stage.
When the task of a construction project is completed by multiple units, the cooperative relationship is mostly uncertain, and the interests of the participating units are not the same, or even opposite.
2. The relationship between system objectives and system organization.
In addition to the organization, there are two main factors that affect the realization of the system objectives:
A. Human factors: including the quantity and quality of management personnel and production personnel;
B methods and tools: including management methods and tools and production methods and tools.
The goal of the system determines the organization of the system, and the organization is the decisive factor to achieve the goal.
The main measures to control the project objectives include organizational measures, management measures, economic measures and technical measures, among which organizational measures are the most important.
If a project is implemented
Diagnosis, first analyze the problems existing in its organization.
3. Main measures to control project objectives: organizational measures, management measures, economic measures and technical measures.
Functional organizational structure
The linear organizational structure of the organization knot constitutes the matrix organizational structure.
Static work task division Table 4. Organization Theory Organization Department Management Function Department Table Management Workflow Work Organization Process Information Processing Workflow Diagram Dynamic Material Flow
Organizational structure mode: reflects the command relationship between subsystems or elements in an organizational system.
5. Organizational theory and organizational tools organizational division of labor: reflecting the division of work tasks and management functions of each subsystem or element in the organizational system.
Organizational structure mode and organizational division of labor are relatively static organizational relationships, while workflow organization can reflect the work in the organizational system.
The logical relationship between them is a dynamic relationship.
Project Structure Diagram (WBS): The project structure is decomposed layer by layer through the tree diagram to reflect all the work tasks that make up the project.
Organization chart: reflects the organizational relationship (command relationship) between departments in the organization system. Commonly used include
(Functional organizational structure, linear organizational structure, matrix organizational structure)
6. Organizational tools include: work task division table: reflecting the division of labor management of personnel in project management.
Division of management functions: ask questions, plan, make decisions, implement and check.
Workflow diagram: It reflects the logical relationship among various tasks in the organization system in the form of a diagram, and can be used to describe workflow organization.
7. The project structure chart and project structure code are the basis for compiling other codes for project management.
8. Three important organizational tools of organization theory: project structure diagram, organization structure diagram and contract structure diagram.
A, workflow diagram reflects the logical relationship between tasks in the organizational system in the form of charts, which can be used to describe workflow organization.
B, the work flow chart uses rectangular boxes to represent the work, arrows represent the logical relationship between the work, diamonds represent the judgment conditions, and two rectangular boxes can also be used to represent the work and the executor of the work.
General situation of the project: the nature, scale, construction site, structural characteristics, construction period, delivery conditions in batches and contract conditions of the project; Terrain,
Construction deployment and construction scheme: deploy construction tasks, reasonably arrange the construction sequence, and determine the construction scheme of major projects.
Construction progress plan: through calculation and adjustment, optimize the allocation of construction period, cost and resources to meet the requirements of project objectives. 1, the basic content of construction organization design
Construction plan: it is the overall arrangement of construction plan and construction progress in space.
Main technical and economic indicators: used to measure the level of organization construction and comprehensively evaluate the technical and economic benefits of construction organization design documents.
General construction organization design: the whole project is compiled as the object. 2. Classification of construction organization design According to the breadth, depth and function of construction organization design, it is divided into unit project construction organization design: it is compiled for unit projects.
Division (sub-project) project construction organization design: for some particularly important projects, attach importance to the role of project construction organization in construction, improve the industrialization degree of construction, attach importance to management innovation and technological innovation, and attach importance to the target control of project construction. 3. The compilation principle of construction organization design actively adopts advanced construction technology at home and abroad, makes full use of time and space, reasonably arranges the construction sequence, improves the continuity and balance of construction, and rationally arranges the construction site to realize civilized construction. 4. Basis of unit construction organization design: 7 A, meaning and requirements of the construction unit.
B, engineering construction drawings and standard drawings
C, the requirements of the construction organization design for the time limit for a project, quality and cost control of this unit.
D. Resource allocation
E. Building environment, site conditions and geological and meteorological data.
F, information, experience, new technological achievements and organizational structure model of similar construction projects
5. Program design of overall design of construction organization.
A, collect and be familiar with the relevant information and drawings required for compiling the general design of construction organization, and investigate and study the engineering characteristics and construction conditions.
B, calculate the main type of work engineering quantity
C, determine the overall deployment of construction
D, draw up the construction plan
E, scriptwriting system construction progress
F, prepare the resource demand plan
G, prepare the construction preparation work plan
H, construction site plan design
First, calculate the main technical and economic indicators
1, project dynamic control process to collect the actual value of the project target (such as actual investment, cost, actual construction progress,
Construction quality and so on. )
Compared with the planned value, if there is any deviation, take corrective measures to correct it.
Organizational measures: analyze the problems that affect the realization of project objectives due to organizational reasons and take corresponding measures.
Such as: adjusting organizational structure, division of labor, division of management functions, work-oriented organizations and project management team members.
Management measures: analyze the problems that affect the realization of project objectives due to management reasons and take corresponding measures.
Such as: adjusting the methods and means of schedule management, changing construction management and strengthening contract management.
Economic measures: analyze the problems that affect the realization of project objectives due to economic reasons and take corresponding measures.
Such as: funds needed to speed up the implementation of construction progress, etc.
Technical measures: analyze the problems that affect the realization of project objectives due to technical reasons and take corresponding measures.
For example, adjust the design, improve the construction method and change the construction.
3. The core of dynamic control of project objectives is to compare the planned value of project objectives with the actual value regularly during the project implementation, and take corrective measures when the project objectives deviate.
The construction progress goal is decomposed layer by layer
In the process of construction, the construction progress target is dynamically tracked and controlled. The dynamic control period is generally one month. 4. Steps to control the construction progress The principle of dynamic control is adopted for important projects, and the control period can be set to ten days or one week.
The goal of adjusting the construction progress
5, the use of dynamic control principle to control the construction cost
6. Use the principle of dynamic control to control the construction quality: the quality goal is not only the construction quality of each sub-project, but also the quality of materials, semi-finished products, finished products and related equipment. 2. Corrective measures for dynamic control of project objectives. Corrective measures for project dynamic control.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Tasks and responsibilities of the project manager of the construction party.
First, the project manager of large and medium-sized projects must be a person who has obtained the registration certificate of the builder.
B it is up to the enterprise to decide whether the person who has obtained the construction engineer registration certificate is the project manager.
C, the project manager position is an important position to ensure quality, safety and time limit for a project.
D, the builder is the name of the professional, the project manager is the name of the job.
E. The project manager of a construction enterprise refers to the project manager who is entrusted by the legal representative of the enterprise and is fully responsible for the construction process of the project.
Is the representative of the legal representative of the construction enterprise in the project. 1, the project manager can exercise management rights in the process of undertaking project management:
First, organize the project management team
B, as the representative of the legal representative of the enterprise, handle the external relations related to the project undertaken,
Entrusted to sign relevant contracts.
C, command the production and operation activities of the project construction, allocate and manage the production factors such as manpower, materials, capital, machinery and equipment entering the project. D, select the construction team.
E, reasonable economic layout.
F. Other management powers granted by the legal representative of the enterprise.
The project manager of a construction enterprise is often the general organizer, coordinator and commander-in-chief of a construction project.
The enterprise project manager is the project manager entrusted by the legal representative of the enterprise to be fully responsible for the project construction process, and is the representative of the legal representative of the construction enterprise on the project.
1. The project manager is the head of the project management team, but not necessarily the representative of the legal representative of the enterprise on the project. The task of a project manager is not limited to presiding over project management, but its main task is to control and organize the coordination of project objectives. The project manager is not a technical position, but a management position. Building safety management
Construction cost control
Construction progress control
Construction quality control
Construction contract management
Building information management
Engineering organization and coordination, etc
Responsibilities stipulated in the project management target responsibility book
Presided over the preparation of the project management implementation plan and systematically managed the project objectives.
Dynamic management of resources
Establish various professional management systems and organize their implementation. 3. The responsibilities of the project manager.
Distribute benefits within the scope of authorization
Collect engineering data, prepare settlement data, and participate in project completion acceptance.
Accept the audit and deal with the aftermath of the disintegration of the project management department.
Assist in organizing the inspection, evaluation and reward declaration of the project.
Participate in project bidding, tendering and contract signing.
Participate in the establishment of project management department.
Presided over the project intends to work.
Decide on the investment and use of project funds within the scope of authorization.
Formulate internal compensation methods
Participate in the selection and use of subcontractors with corresponding qualifications.
Participate in the selection of material suppliers.
Coordinate the internal and external relations related to the project within the scope of authorization.
Other powers granted by the legal representative.
In the construction of engineering projects, a production and operation management system headed by project management should be established, and the project manager is responsible for it.
5. The project manager is responsible for the overall management of the construction. The project manager plays a central role in the project construction and has overall management responsibility for the project construction.
The project manager may bear legal and economic responsibilities due to subjective reasons or work mistakes. 4, the project manager's authority
Construction risk management of intransitive verbs
1, construction project risk
Project decision-making risks: organizational risks, economic and management risks, engineering environmental risks and technical risks.
Project implementation risks: design risks, construction risks and risks of materials, equipment and other building materials.
2. The tasks and workflow of construction risk management include risk assessment.
Risk response
Seven, construction project supervision
Ensure the quality of engineering construction
The purpose of construction project supervision management system is to improve the level of project construction.
Give full play to investment benefits
Supervision project management includes investment control, schedule control, quality control, contract management, information management and organization and coordination.
I. Construction Cost Control Composition and calculation of construction and installation project cost: (Key points)
Direct engineering cost, labor cost and material cost
Construction machinery use fee
Environmental protection fee, safety civilized construction measures and civilized construction measures fee.
Safety construction fee
temporary facility fee
Night construction fee
Remember this trick: the measures cost the Second Ring Road flood at night.
The support is stable.
Second loading and unloading fee, import and export fee of large-scale mechanical equipment, installation fee, concrete, reinforced concrete formwork and support fee.
Scaffolding fee
Ji 'an Engineering and Equipment Protection Fee
Construction drainage and precipitation fee
engineering sewage charges
Engineering quota determination fee endowment insurance fee
Social security fee and unemployment insurance fee
Housing accumulation fund medical insurance premium
Accidental injury insurance for dangerous operations
Salary of management personnel
enterprise administrative expenses
travelling expenses
Fixed assets use fee
Tool use fee
Labor insurance premium
Union expenditure
Staff education fund
premiums for property insurance
financial expenses
Taxes. tax
Other direct engineering costs, construction and installation engineering costs, indirect costs, non-public injury insurance funds (pollution-free), enterprise management fees, tolerances, insurance benefits, workers' profits.
Second, the calculation of profit:
1, based on the sum of direct and indirect costs: profit = (direct and indirect costs) x profit rate.
2. The calculation basis is the sum of labor cost and machinery cost (including labor cost in measure cost): profit = (labor cost+machinery cost) x profit rate.
3. Take the labor cost (including the labor cost in the measure fee) as the calculation basis: profit = total labor cost x profit rate.
Third, taxation.
Taxes for construction and installation projects: business tax, urban maintenance and construction tax and education surcharge.
1, business tax = 3% of turnover.
2. Urban maintenance and construction tax: the taxpayer is located in the urban area, which is 7% of the business tax.
Taxpayers are located in counties and towns, accounting for 5% of the business tax.
If the taxpayer is not in an urban county or town, the business tax is 1%.
3. Education surcharge: 3% of turnover.
4. Comprehensive tax rate: urban area =3.4 1%.
County and town =3.35%
Rural =3.22%
Four. Construction cost 1. The project cost management should start from the project bidding quotation to the completion of the project settlement, and run through the whole process of project implementation.
2. Construction cost management: under the condition that the construction period and quality meet the requirements, take corresponding management measures, including organizational, economic, technical and contract measures, control the cost within the planned scope, and further seek the greatest cost savings.
basic wage
Wages subsidize the auxiliary wages of production workers.
employee welfare
Labor protection fee for production workers
Original price of materials (supply price)
Material transportation and miscellaneous expenses
Transportation loss fee
Procurement and storage costs
Inspection and test costs, labor costs, direct engineering costs and materials costs.
High repair cost
Regular repair fee
Labor cost used
Fuel power fee
Road maintenance fee and vehicle and vessel use tax
Six, construction and installation engineering cost calculation program
"Management Measures for Valuation of Construction and Installation Projects" stipulates that the valuation methods of contracting out and contracting are divided into unit price method of engineering quantity and comprehensive unit price method.
1, quantity unit price method pricing procedure:
Quantity unit price method = calculate the unit price of X quantity after partial quantities, and get the direct project cost. After the direct project cost is summarized, the project contract price is generated by adding measures fee, overhead fee, profit and tax.
2. The comprehensive unit price method is divided into full cost comprehensive unit price and partial cost comprehensive unit price.
A. Full-cost comprehensive unit price: the unit price includes direct project cost, measure cost, management fee, profit and tax.
Project contract price = ∑ comprehensive unit price of all costs × quantities of each item.
B. Comprehensive unit price of partial and itemized expenses: In most cases, the measures are quoted separately by the bidder, but they are not included in the comprehensive unit price. At this time, the comprehensive unit price includes direct engineering cost, indirect cost, profit and tax. Project contract price = ∑ comprehensive unit price of part cost x quantity of each item+measure fee.
Seven, the project list valuation method
1, engineering cost calculation, according to the unit price of partial projects, there are three main forms of bill of quantities valuation:
A, quantity unit price method quantity unit price = labor cost+material cost+construction machinery use fee.
B, comprehensive unit price method (partial) comprehensive unit price = labor cost+material cost+construction machinery use fee+management fee+profit (including risk)
C. Full-cost comprehensive unit price method Full-cost comprehensive unit price = labor cost+material cost+construction machinery use fee+measures cost+management fee+fees+profits+taxes.
2. According to the pricing specification, the partial bill of quantities should be priced by comprehensive unit price, and the comprehensive unit price pricing method should be adopted to calculate the bill cost item by item and summarize the total project cost. A, partial project cost = ∑ partial project quantity × partial project comprehensive unit price
B, measure project cost = ∑ measure project quantity x measure project comprehensive unit price+single measure cost
C, other project fees = provisional amount+provisional estimate+daywork+general contracting fee+others.
D, unit price project quotation = partial project cost+measure cost+other project cost+fees+taxes.
E, single project quotation = ∑ unit project quotation
F, total cost = ∑ single project quotation
3, the determination of partial quantities
A, the quantities indicated in the bill of quantities are the same basis for the tenderer to prepare the tender control price and the bidder's bid quotation, and are the net amount of the project calculated by the bill of quantities preparer according to the graphic size of the construction drawing and the calculation rules of quantities in the bill of quantities. (Net quantities refer to the bill of quantities; On the other hand, it is the actual engineering quantity)
B, the quantities cannot be used as the actual and accurate quantities that the contractor should complete during the performance of the contractual obligations. The quantities when the contractor carries out the completion settlement shall be determined according to the measured and actually completed quantities agreed by the contractor in the contract.
4, the preparation of comprehensive unit price
A. The comprehensive unit price of bill of quantities in the pricing specification refers to the labor cost, material cost, construction machinery use fee, enterprise management fee and profit required to complete a partial bill of quantities project or measure list project with the specified unit of measurement, as well as a certain range of risk costs.
B, the definition is not the real full-cost comprehensive unit price, but the comprehensive unit price in a narrow sense.
C, fees and taxes and other uncompetitive expenses are not included in the project unit price.
Eight. Calculation of project cost of measures
Can calculate the engineering quantity-comprehensive unit price valuation.
The rest of the measures can be priced according to individual items, and the expenses do not include profits and taxes. 1, form
Safety and civilized construction measures shall be priced according to the provisions of the provincial competent department and shall not participate in market competition.
Parameter evaluation method
2, the calculation method of project cost measures generally include
Nine, the preparation method of tender price
1, the tender offer cannot be higher than the tender control price set by the tenderer.
The tender offer is determined by the bidder.
The bidder's bid quotation shall not be lower than the cost.
The compilation principle of tender offer is to fill in the price according to the bill of quantities provided by the tenderer.
Principles for compilation of tender offer The bidder's offer shall be divided according to the responsibilities of the parties to the contract specified in the tender documents.
The calibration scheme and technical measures are taken as the basic conditions for calculating the tender offer.
The quotation calculation method should be scientific, rigorous, concise and applicable.
Ten, the construction project quota
First, according to the different forms, it can be divided into two forms: time quota and output quota.
B, according to the different calibration objects of quota, it can be divided into single process quota and comprehensive quota.
C, time quota
C 1, the working time necessary to complete the qualified products of this unit.
C2。 Time quota is based on working days, 8 hours a day.
1, construction cost: d, output quota = 1/ workday d 1, the number of qualified products completed by a professional and technical level worker team or individual in the case of reasonable labor organization and rational use of materials. D2。 Time quota and output quota are mutual. main material
1, composition of material consumption quota indicators Auxiliary materials turnover materials (the indicators of turnover materials consumption in the quota should be expressed by two indicators: one-time consumption and amortization) Theoretical calculation method of sporadic materials Determination of net consumption of materials Drawing calculation method 2. Compile the empirical method of material quota to determine the observation and statistics method of material loss 3. Determination of material loss A. Material loss is generally expressed by loss rate B. Material loss rate can be calculated and determined by observation or statistics. C, loss = net consumption x loss rate. 4. Calculate the mechanical affecting quota. A, construction machine-team output quota = net working productivity of machinery x working shift extension time x mechanical utilization coefficient b, mechanical time quota = 1/ construction machine-team output quota c, workers' grouping quota time = construction machine-team time quota x workers' grouping number.
Direct expenses: expenses that constitute or contribute to the formation of an engineering entity consumed in the construction process can be directly included in the engineering object.
Including labor, materials, construction machinery and construction measures.
Indirect expenses: all expenses incurred for preparation, organization and management of construction production are not directly used and cannot be directly included in the project object, but the project is carried out.
The expenses that must be incurred include the salary, office expenses, travel expenses and transportation expenses of managers.
2, the task of construction cost management
A, construction cost prediction, construction cost planning, construction cost control
B, construction cost accounting, construction cost analysis, construction cost evaluation
3. Construction cost prediction: estimate the cost before the project construction; Basis of project cost decision and plan.
4, the construction cost plan
A, in the form of currency, prepare the production cost, cost level and cost reduction rate of the construction project during the planning period, as well as the main measures taken and the written plan for cost reduction. B, the establishment of construction cost management responsibility system, is the basis of cost control and accounting, it is the guiding document of project cost reduction, is the basis for setting the target cost. C. The construction cost plan shall meet the following requirements:
The project quality and time limit specified in the contract; To organize the formulation of objectives and requirements for project cost management;
According to the requirements of economic and reasonable project construction plan; Quota and market price requirements;
D, the three indicators of the construction cost plan can be measured by comparison method and factor analysis method.
Quantitative indicators of cost planning; Quality index of cost plan; Cost plan benefit index.
5. Construction cost control
First, the construction cost control-should run through the whole process of the project from the bidding stage to the completion acceptance, which is an important link of enterprise cost management.
B, construction cost control-can be divided into pre-control, in-process control and post-event control.
C, in the process of project construction, according to the principle of dynamic control to effectively control the actual construction cost.
D. Contract documents and planned costs are the targets of cost control, and progress reports, engineering changes and claim data are the dynamic data of cost control process.
The process of cost control embodies the principle of dynamic tracking control.