Employee compensation plan is an indispensable part of business activities, but at present, there is no overall clear framework for this important concept in China, and the understanding of employee compensation is relatively narrow, generally referring only to wages and welfare expenses, and the accounting treatment provisions on employee compensation are also scattered in various relevant regulations. The formulation of the new standards aims to standardize the accounting treatment and information disclosure of various forms of remuneration and other related expenses given by enterprises in order to obtain services provided by employees. The standard defines the concept of employee compensation, that is, employee compensation refers to various forms of remuneration and other related expenses given by enterprises to obtain services provided by employees, mainly including wages, bonuses, allowances and subsidies that constitute part of the total wages; Employee welfare fund; Five insurances and one gold (medical insurance premium, endowment insurance premium, unemployment insurance premium, work injury insurance premium, maternity insurance premium and housing accumulation fund); Wages in the traditional sense, such as trade union funds and employee education funds; For the first time, the connotation of employee compensation is defined in the accounting standards, such as dismissal benefits, paid vacation and other forms of employee compensation, and share-based compensation and enterprise annuity are explicitly excluded.
The second is the change of accounting subject setting.
The new standard clarifies the concept of employee compensation and integrates all compensation-related items. On this basis, you can set up the first-level subjects of employees' salary payable, the second-level subjects of wages payable, dismissal compensation and paid vacation expenses. It can be set according to salary category, such as salary payable, dismissal compensation payable, social insurance payable, housing accumulation fund payable, etc.
Third, changes in accounting treatment methods.
(A) unified the accounting principles of all kinds of employee compensation.
In accounting treatment, the debit of accounting entries will include the employee's salary as the beneficiary in the asset cost or current expenses (dismissal benefits are only included in the current expenses), and the credit will be recognized as a liability in the accounting period when the employee provides services. The details are as follows: (1) The employee's salary that should be borne by producing products is included in the inventory cost; The wages of employees who should be borne by the projects under construction are included in the cost of building fixed assets; The wages of employees other than products and projects under construction shall be included in the current expenses. In the original system, except for wages, allowances and welfare expenses, which are included in assets, costs or current expenses according to beneficiaries, other employees' salaries are included in current expenses. Here are some examples to illustrate.
1. Employee compensation expenses included in product cost
For the production of products should bear the staff salary, included in the inventory cost, taking industrial enterprises as an example:
Example 1: The wages payable this month are as follows: the wages of direct production workers engaged in product production in the workshop are 30,000 yuan, and the wages of workshop managers are 5,000 yuan. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Borrow: the production cost is 30,000 yuan.
The manufacturing cost is 5000 yuan.
Loan: Payable to employees-Payable to employees is 35,000 yuan.
Example 2: According to a certain proportion of the total wages of workshop employees, 3000 yuan of workshop trade union funds and 4000 yuan of employee education funds are accrued. The accounting treatment during extraction is as follows:
Debit: The manufacturing cost is 7,000 yuan.
Loan: wages payable to employees.
-3,000 yuan payable to the trade union
-Staff education costs 4,000 yuan.
Example 3: According to a certain proportion of the total wages of workshop employees, the overall pension payable by workshop employees is 4 500 yuan, and the medical insurance payable is 3,000 yuan.
Debit: the manufacturing cost is 7500.
Loan: wages payable to employees.
Social insurance premium payable (pension insurance premium payable) 4,500.
-Social insurance premium payable (medical insurance premium payable) 3,000 yuan.
Example 4: Withdraw 4000 yuan from the housing accumulation fund of workshop employees.
Debit: The manufacturing cost is 4 000.
Loan: wages payable to employees.
-The housing accumulation fund should be paid (personal burden) 2,000 yuan.
-The housing accumulation fund should be paid (enterprise burden) 2,000 yuan.
2. Employee compensation expenses included in the asset value
Employees' salaries that should be borne by projects under construction and intangible assets should be included in the cost of building fixed assets or intangible assets.
Example 5: If you buy a piece of equipment to be installed, the salary payable to the installer is 6000 yuan. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Borrow: Construction in progress 6 000
Loan: Payable salary for employees-Payable salary is 6000 yuan.
3. Employee compensation expenses are included in the expenses.
Other employee salaries that should be borne by products and projects under construction are included in the current expenses.
Example 6: Withdraw 5,000 yuan of medical insurance for office workers according to a certain proportion of my total salary. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Debit: the management fee is 5000 yuan.
Loan: payable to employees-payable to social insurance (payable to medical insurance) 5 000.
Example 7: According to a certain proportion of the total wages of government functionaries, 2,000 yuan of trade union funds and staff education funds are accrued 1500 yuan. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Debit: management fee of 3,500 yuan.
Loan: payable to employees-2,000 yuan payable to trade unions.
—— Payable staff education funds 1 500.
Example 8: Withdraw the overall pension payable by government employees according to a certain proportion of the total wages of government employees of 3 500 yuan. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Debit: management fee of 3,500 yuan.
Loan: Payable wages of employees-Payable social insurance premium (Payable pension insurance premium) 3,500.
Example 9: Withdraw 3,000 yuan of housing accumulation fund for office staff according to a certain proportion of my total salary. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Debit: the management fee is 3000 yuan.
Loan: wages payable to employees.
-Housing accumulation fund payable (personal burden) 1 500
—— Housing accumulation fund payable (enterprise burden) 1 500
(B) changes in the accounting treatment of employee welfare expenses
The new standard cancels the system of extracting employee welfare funds from 14% of the original total salary. The employee welfare expenses extracted by the enterprise can be calculated according to a certain proportion of the total wages and the beneficiaries of the services provided by the employees, and the liabilities recognized as payable employee welfare expenses are included in relevant assets, costs or recognized as current expenses. Because the new standard requires welfare expenses to be charged according to the actual amount, if it is inconsistent with the tax regulations, tax adjustment should be made and the balance of the account at the end of the year should be cleared.
Example 10: The employee welfare fund is accrued as follows according to a certain proportion of the total wages: 3000 yuan for direct production personnel, 0,000 yuan for workshop management personnel, 0,000 yuan for office personnel and 0,000 yuan for sales personnel. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Borrow: The production cost is 3,000 yuan.
Manufacturing cost 500
Management fee 600
Selling expenses 1 000
Loan: salary payable to employees-welfare payable 5 100.
(c) Changes in the accounting treatment of termination benefits
For the compensation that may occur when the labor contract is terminated in advance, the original system requires that it be collected according to the facts when it occurs. The new standard requires enterprises to terminate the labor relationship with employees before the expiration of the labor contract, or propose compensation to encourage employees to voluntarily accept the reduction. If the following conditions are met, the estimated liabilities arising from compensation for termination of labor relations with employees are confirmed and included in the current expenses:
(1) The enterprise has formulated a formal plan to terminate labor relations or put forward a voluntary reduction proposal, which will be implemented soon. The plan or proposal should include the departments, positions and the number of employees to be terminated or reduced; The compensation amount for termination or reduction of labor relations determined according to the job category or position; Time to terminate or reduce labor relations.
(2) The enterprise cannot unilaterally withdraw the plan to terminate labor relations or the proposal to reduce labor relations.
Example 1 1: Withdraw 50,000 yuan of dismissal compensation for workshop employees who meet the dismissal conditions. Accounting treatment is as follows:
Debit: Management fee is 50,000 yuan.
Loan: Payable employee salary-Payable dismissal compensation of 50,000 yuan.
When the salary of the above-mentioned employees is actually paid by bank deposit or cash, the accrued liabilities shall be reversed.
Fourth, changes in information disclosure.
The new standard unifies the disclosure principle of employee compensation, and clearly regulates the scope and content of disclosure for the first time, that is, the amount of employee compensation such as wages, bonuses and allowances, various social insurance benefits, housing provident fund, compensation for termination of labor relations and the amount payable at the end of the period should be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. At the same time, it is stipulated that contingent liabilities arising from the uncertainty of the number of employees who accept the compensation scheme for termination of labor relations should be disclosed in accordance with the "Contingencies" criteria.
Five, the implementation of the new accounting standards No.9 on the financial situation and operating results of enterprises.
From the above content, due to the changes in the accounting provisions of the new accounting standards on employee compensation, the implementation of the new accounting standards will have an impact on the financial status and operating results of enterprises, and the specific analysis is as follows:
(1) The new accounting standard cancels the requirement that employee welfare expenses be accrued according to 14% of the total wages, and enterprises can accrue according to the actual amount. If it is inconsistent with the tax regulations, tax adjustment will be made. This means that it will have a certain impact on the current liabilities, inventory costs and period expenses in the operating results of enterprises.
(2) Article 4 of the new standard unifies the accounting treatment methods of all kinds of employees' salaries. An enterprise shall recognize the salary payable to employees as liabilities during the accounting period when employees provide services. In addition to the dismissal compensation payable, it is only included in the current expenses, and it is included in the asset cost or current expenses according to the beneficiaries. In the original system, except for the salary allowance and welfare expenses, which are included in the assets, costs or current expenses according to the beneficiaries, other employees' salaries, such as five insurances and one fund (medical insurance, pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance, housing provident fund), trade union funds and employee education funds, are included in the current expenses. This means that it will also have a certain impact on the financial situation and operating results of enterprises. In particular, it will have a greater impact on the inventory cost of industrial enterprises.
(3) The original system requires that the compensation that may occur when the labor relationship is terminated in advance be paid according to the facts; The new standard requires that the estimated liabilities be handled under certain conditions, which will also affect the current liabilities and profits and losses of enterprises in each period. However, it is necessary to prevent enterprises from compensating and adjusting profits by dissolving labor relations. Therefore, the use of dismissal compensation as an estimated liability should be strictly defined and restricted. Unless there is conclusive evidence that the enterprise is likely to have cash outflow due to the possible termination of labor relations with employees, it cannot be regarded as an estimated liability and included in the current profit and loss. Hard evidence can be defined as a formal plan or agreement reached between the enterprise and the workers' congress or the trade union organization to terminate the labor relationship with the workers.