The cause of coronary heart disease has not been fully clarified, and is currently believed to be related to lipid metabolism disorders in the body. In the risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease, the most important are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking; followed by obesity, diabetes and psycho-neurological factors; there are also some factors that can not be changed, such as the family history of inheritance, age, gender (male) and so on. From the above factors, the onset of coronary heart disease and dietary nutritional factors have a direct or indirect relationship, so focus on rational nutrition is one of the important measures to prevent and control coronary heart disease.
(I) Dietary principles
1. Control calories, maintain ideal body weight.
2. Control the quality and quantity of fat intake. Many studies have proved that long-term consumption of large amounts of fat is the main factor causing atherosclerosis in animals. And also proved that the quality of fat has a greater impact on blood lipids, saturated fatty acids can raise blood cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce blood cholesterol, generally believe that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids ratio (p:s:m) to 1:1:1 appropriate. Dietary cholesterol content of the body lipid metabolism will have a certain impact, should be controlled appropriately.
3. Control sugar intake. Carbohydrates are the main source of body heat, carbohydrate intake is too much (in our people's dietary structure is the amount of staple food is too much), can cause calories into the super, the same in the body can be converted to generate fat, causing obesity, and make the blood lipids rise. Research has proved that the role of carbohydrates in raising blood lipids, fructose is higher than sucrose, sucrose is higher than starch. The United States, Canada and other countries, the amount of sugar can account for a day's caloric 15-20%, the incidence of coronary heart disease is much higher than other countries and regions. Therefore, to strictly control the total intake of carbohydrates, especially to control the intake of sugar, generally no more than 10% of the total calories.
4. Increase dietary fiber intake. Dietary fiber can adsorb cholesterol, prevent cholesterol absorption by the body, and can promote bile acid from the fecal discharge, reduce cholesterol in vivo, so can reduce blood cholesterol. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease in the diet, there should be sufficient dietary fiber.
5. Provide rich vitamins. Vitamin C can promote the generation of cholesterol bile acid, thereby reducing the role of blood cholesterol; can also improve coronary circulation, protect the blood vessel wall. Nitric acid can expand peripheral blood vessels, preventing thrombosis; can also reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood. Vitamin E has an antioxidant effect, can prevent peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, protect the myocardium and improve myocardial hypoxia, prevent thrombosis.
6. Ensure the supply of essential inorganic salts and trace elements. Iodine can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol by the intestinal tract, reduce cholesterol deposits in the blood vessel wall, so it can slow down or prevent the development of atherosclerosis, eating kelp, seaweed and other iodine-rich seafood, can reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. Dietary calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, chromium, etc. are also related to the development of coronary heart disease.
7. A small amount of meals, do not overeat, dinner should not eat too much, otherwise easy to induce acute myocardial infarction.
8. Prohibit the drinking of strong alcohol. Alcohol can accelerate the heart rate, can aggravate myocardial hypoxia, so should be prohibited.
(B) Examples of recipes
Breakfast: rolls (50 grams of flour, 20 grams of soybean flour)
Cornmeal paste porridge (30 grams of cornmeal)
Choke celery (50 grams of celery, 20 grams of peanut kernels)
Tea egg (60 grams of egg)
Lunch: rice (100 grams of rice)
Shredded meat noodles (50g noodles, 10g lean pork, 10g fungus)
Scrambled eggs with tomatoes (150g tomatoes, 50g eggs)
Braised chub (100g chub)
Dinner: lasagne (50g flour)
Mung bean rice (30g rice, 20g mung bean)
Stir-fried oilseed rape (150g oilseed rape) grams)
Five-spice shredded tofu (100 grams of dried tofu)
15 grams of cooking oil for the whole day.
Total caloric energy for the whole day is about 8,387 kJ (1,997 kcal).
(3) Key points of food selection
1. Control the intake of staple food and fat, the key points are the same as hypertension.
2. Ensure the supply of fresh vegetables and fruits to provide vitamin C, B vitamins and appropriate amount of dietary fiber.
3. More beans and soy products should be used, so as to ensure that the supply of high-quality protein, but also to provide essential fatty acids, to avoid excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol animal foods, and soybean and other lecithin and inorganic salts, to prevent and control coronary heart disease is favorable.
4. Appropriate increase in seafood, such as kelp, seaweed, jellyfish, etc., in order to provide the body with rich iodine.
5. Can choose more aquatic fish, because of its excellent protein, easy to digest and absorb, and have a regulating effect on blood lipids, and animal meat food is more suitable for the characteristics of the elderly compared to the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease is favorable.
6. You can choose more winter melon, radish, honey, hawthorn and other foods.
7. Minimize the use of animal liver, brain, kidney, fish roe, cuttlefish, loose eggs and other foods containing high cholesterol and high saturated fatty acid-containing foods, such as fatty meat, animal fats, butter, cream and so on
.