According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration signed by China and the United Kingdom, the Government of the People's Republic of China is committed to the policy of "One Country, Two Systems"; the socialist system of the People's Republic of China will not be implemented in Hong Kong for 50 years after the reunification, and Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy in all matters except for foreign affairs and national defense.
Population: Before 1840, Hong Kong was a small fishing village with a population of only 5,000; today, Hong Kong has a population of more than 6.6 million, with more than 10 million tourists visiting Hong Kong each year; after the 1997 handover, it has its own Hong Kong flag and Hong Kong emblem.
Origin of the name: Hong Kong, meaning "fragrant harbor", probably related to the aroma of sandalwood and joss sticks manufactured on the island long ago.
Ethnicity: 97% Chinese, mostly Cantonese; 3% foreigners
Religion: Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Catholicism, Islam
Languages: English, Cantonese and Mandarin
Acclaims: The Pearl of the Orient, the City of Sport, the Shopper's Paradise
District Flower: Bauhinia
History
History
In 1842, the Qing government entered into an agreement with the Qing Government to establish the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. p>1842 The Qing government signed the unequal Treaty of Nanjing with Britain, ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain.
1860 The Treaty of Beijing was signed, ceding the Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.
1896 Britain forced the Qing government to make another treaty to lease the area north of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula and nearby islands for 99 years, which was occupied by Japan during World War II.
1945 Japan surrendered and was reoccupied by Britain.
1984 China and Britain signed the Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong.
1997 Hong Kong is returned to China under "one country, two systems" and "a high degree of autonomy".
Climate and Temperature
Hong Kong has a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average year-round temperature of 22.8 degrees Celsius, an average rainfall of 2,225 millimeters, and an average relative humidity of 78%.
Spring (March to mid-May): The weather is warm and humid, with frequent fog and drizzle, an average temperature of 23 degrees Celsius, and 82 percent humidity;
Summer (late May to mid-September): After mid-summer comes the typhoon season.
Autumn (late September to late December): The weather is sunny, cool and dry, so it is the peak season for tourists arriving in Hong Kong. The average temperature is 23 degrees with 72 percent humidity.
Winter (mid-December to late February): The weather is the coolest and driest, with cold fronts blowing inland from the north, when temperatures can drop below 8 degrees, and the average temperature is 17 degrees with 72 percent humidity.
Festivals
Hong Kong's multiculturalism is also reflected in its many festivals. This brings more hustle and bustle and joy to Hong Kong people and creates more surprises for travelers. Traditional Chinese festivals are lively, festive and auspicious, and certainly not to be missed; Western festivals are hip, exciting and fun, and even more exciting.
Lunar New Year (first month of the lunar calendar): The New Year is the most important holiday for Chinese people. In addition to the essential elements of family reunion and visiting friends and relatives;
Hong Kong's Chinese New Year features include:
Lunar New Year Flower Market: Held in many districts in the days leading up to the Lunar New Year, the annual Victoria Park Lunar New Year Flower Market is the most bustling, selling a variety of New Year's Eve flowers such as peach blossoms, chrysanthemums and daffodils, as well as other merchandise.
Float parade: Held in the city on the first day of the Lunar New Year. Every year, floats from all over the world and parades displaying the cultures and flavors of different regions are combined into a large-scale and colorful show to celebrate the prosperity of the new year.
Fireworks display: On the second day of the Lunar New Year, the fireworks display is held on the waterfront of Victoria Harbour. Both sides of the harbor and the waterfront side of the high-rise buildings are the best places to watch.
Christmas (December 25): Christmas is the most lively and grandest festival in Hong Kong. Tall buildings on both sides of the Victoria Harbor are decorated with colorful lights and stores are decorated with Christmas decorations more than a month in advance, which attracts many tourists to admire the scenery alone. At this time of the year, Hong Kong shows the city at its most splendid, and if you are interested in the prosperity of Hong Kong, then the best time to visit must be Christmas.
The most lively is Christmas Eve, there is a holy Christmas Eve mass in the church, some hotels and shopping malls and choirs sing Christmas carols, all the people of Hong Kong flocked to the streets, which, Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade Garden Promenade and the adjacent streets are even more crowded.
If you can come to Hong Kong at Christmas, shopping is also a great pleasure. This is the time of year when major shopping malls offer sales as low as half-price, which has become a tradition in Hong Kong, and Hong Kong residents choose this time of year to shop for Christmas gifts and send warmth to their loved ones.
New Year's Day (January 1), Valentine's Day (February 14), Tin Hau Festival (March 23), Buddha's Birthday (April 8), Bun Festival (April 8), Dragon Boat Festival (May 5), Beggar's Day (July 7), Yu Lan Festival (July 14), Mid-Autumn Festival (August 15), and Halloween (October 31) are all celebrated in Hong Kong.
History of Hong Kong: From Small Fishing Village to Cosmopolitan City
Main Entry: History of Hong Kong
Hong Kong has been inhabited since the Neolithic Age. Sites of Neolithic human settlements were once found in many parts of the New Territories and Lantau Island. In the 24th year of the Tang Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to the Methodist Prefecture. A military town of Tuen Mun was established[1] and 2,000 soldiers were stationed there to protect maritime trade. The army was stationed in today's Tuen Mun, hence the name of the district. As pearls were abundant in the sea around the area of Tai Bu, Liu of the Southern Han Dynasty set up an official pearl farm in 963 A.D., known as Mei Chuan Du, which was expressly banned from official pearl harvesting after the destruction of the Southern Han Dynasty by Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Sung Dynasty. To the Yuan Dynasty had resumed the official bead, but by the gentry opposition, and soon stopped again. The Ming and Qing Dynasties bead business when the ban when Chi, but still can not return to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms when the prosperity.
Hong Kong since the Tang Dynasty to the first year of the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, that is, 1662 AD, Hong Kong's Lek Yuen, Tai Xi Shan Sha Lo Wan soil suitable for dental incense tree growth, so the planting of incense and incense production has slowly developed, according to evidence from the Ming Dynasty when the southern part of Dongguan, Xin'an territory (including Hong Kong), all the incense tree products are loaded in a wooden box, transported by land to the head of the Xiangpu Tsim Sha Tsui (shipping incense tree products dock) with a dinghy to the Shek Pai Wan, and then use the commonly known as the big tree to the Shih Pai Wan, the Shih Pai Bay, and then use what is commonly known as the big tree to the Shih Pai Wan. The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night. In 1662 A.D., the Qing Dynasty for the prevention of crimes against coastal residents and the Ming Dynasty legacy of Zheng Chenggong counter-attack, so under the relocation of the sea order, so that the species of incense and incense production suffered a major blow, even if the Kangxi eight years (A.D. 1669) to restore the boundary, but also difficult to return to the old view.
Hong Kong has a long coastline, so many places in Hong Kong are suitable for the construction of salt farms In 971 AD, in the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD), the government set up a salt farm in the vicinity of today's Kowloon Bay, and assigned salt officials to be in charge of the production of salt and the coordination of the various small salt farms. In 1183 A.D. (May 29, 10th year of Southern Song Emperor Xiaozong Chunxi), the banning of private salt in Da Xi Mountain caused a riot in 1197 A.D. (the third year of Southern Song Emperor Ningzong Qingyuan) in Da Xi Mountain. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the two young emperors, Song Duanzong Zhao Yes and the last Song Emperor Zhao Bing, were forced by the Yuan Dynasty army to flee to Hong Kong, where they are said to have rested on a large rock, which is known as the Song Wangtai (宋王台). Later, the last Sung Emperor ascended the throne at Mui Wai and was chased by the Yuan army, so he crossed the sea via Repulse Bay to Xinhui. However, when the ship arrived at Yaimen, Xinhui, Guangdong today, the Yuan army caught up with him and Lu Xiufu jumped to his death carrying the 8-year-old Bing Zhao on his back.
Portuguese troops arrived in 1514 (the ninth year of Zhengde) and captured Tuen Mun, and the Sino-Portuguese War broke out in 1521 (the sixteenth year of Zhengde). The battle lasted forty days, and the Portuguese army was caught in a bitter struggle, but they were still reluctant to retreat, and even sent two additional warships from Malacca on June 27th, but they could not restore the defeat. Finally, they decided to concentrate the remaining soldiers to three warships, ready to break out. September 8 morning, the three ships attempted to break out in the dark, unfortunately met the Chinese warships, both sides had a fierce battle, the Portuguese army was outnumbered and fell into a desperate situation. Soon, the sea blew a storm, the enemy ship because of the hull of the large, the wind escaped, returned to Malacca in distress. However, the Portuguese army was not willing to defeat, the following year in April, and then sent a fleet of four warships, on the way to add two more, attempting to reoccupy the Tuen Mun, on July 10th into China's sea area. in August, the two armies in the Da Xi Shan Xicao Bay near the confrontation. Because China's naval defense strength has been greatly strengthened, this battle from Xi Cao Wan sea until the whistle state [2] sea, the Chinese navy captured two enemy ships, captured captain Yu Du Lu and other officers and men forty-two people, beheaded thirty-five people, the Ming army won a great victory.
Hong Kong belonged to the Qing dynasty Xinan County jurisdiction. The Qing court in order to prevent the coastal residents to receive the Ming dynasty minister Zheng Chenggong, so in the first year of the Kangxi year 1662 A.D. ordered the relocation of the sea, the coastal residents have to move inland for 50 miles, so that the residents of the homes are lost. In addition to the implementation of the prohibition of the sea, Hong Kong's own region was seriously affected. After the relocation of the sea fishery and salt industry abolished, the fields and gardens are deserted, the coastal residents were y relocated to the sea of suffering, Guangdong Governor Wang Lai Ren, Guangdong Governor Zhou Youde requesting the restoration of the boundary. In the eighth year of the Kangxi period (1669 AD), the imperial court finally allowed the resumption of the boundary, and the residents of the region moved back one after another. As a result, the five clans of the New Territories [3] set up the Bun Tak Ancestral Hall [4] in Sheung Shui to worship the two gods, and the Teng Clan set up the Zhou Wang Er Gong Ancestral Hall in Shum Tin, where they established the Zhou Wang Er Gong Study Hall, and performed the Jiao-festival every ten years as a token of their appreciation.
British rule
Early rule
In 1842, the Qing Dynasty was defeated by the British Empire in the First Opium War and signed the Treaty of Nanjing with Britain the following year, ceding Hong Kong Island and the neighboring Ap Lei Chau to Britain. 1860, the Qing Dynasty was again defeated by the British and French forces and was forced to sign the Treaty of Beijing, which ceded the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, the area that often disturbed law and order on Hong Kong Island, as well as the area of Hong Kong Island. In 1860, the Qing court was forced to sign the Treaty of Beijing and ceded the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, which had been a constant source of disturbance to Hong Kong Island, together with the neighboring Stonecutters Island. At that time, the new boundary on the Kowloon Peninsula was only divided by a short barbed wire fence at the present-day Boundary Street, and in 1898, through the signing of the Specific Article on the Expansion of the Boundary of Hong Kong and a series of other leases with the Qing Court, Britain leased the northern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories and the neighbouring 200-odd outlying islands, with the exception of the Kowloon Walled City, for a period of 99 years. This series of leases and cessions formed the boundaries of Hong Kong today.
After the establishment of the Republic of China, the national government intended to cancel the unequal treaties. It was unable to do so, and the Northern Expedition left the national government with no time to consider taking back sovereignty over Hong Kong. However, at that time, the Hong Kong government still opened the border between China and Hong Kong, and the people of the two places could still travel freely. At that time, many Hong Kong people, in order to build up the country, not only donated money to return to China, but also joined the national government to work physically. Wu Tingfang, the former Foreign Minister of the Nationalist Government, was one of the most famous people in Hong Kong at that time.
During the Anti-Japanese War
When the Anti-Japanese War broke out, the Japanese army landed in Guangdong in 1938 and quickly occupied Guangzhou and nearby areas neighboring Hong Kong and sent spies into Hong Kong to investigate the position of the British army. Hong Kong's Chinese support for the war, contribute money and effort, the Japanese military government showed dissatisfaction with this, has repeatedly protested to the British consulate. 1941 December 8, Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor a few hours after the attack, while attacking Malaya and across the Shenzhen River to invade Hong Kong. In the meantime, there were many fierce battles between the Japanese, Canadian and British Indian forces. Finally, due to the shortage of British troops in Hong Kong, on December 25, 1941, the then Governor of Hong Kong, Mr. Moses Yeung, announced the surrender of Hong Kong to Japan, which started the period of Japanese rule in Hong Kong for 3 years and 8 months. During this period, the Japanese moved Hong Kong people back to mainland China several times to facilitate their rule.