Compared with the national average level of the same age group in Qinghai Plateau, * has significant difference (P
2.2 Physical function. Physiological functions of constitution include pulse (quiet heart rate), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), vital capacity and step index. It is generally believed that people who have lived in the plateau for a long time or have lived in the plateau have greater lung capacity, because with the increase of altitude, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air decreases, and the human body needs to increase ventilation to prevent the development of hypoxemia. Increasing ventilation is an important mechanism of altitude adaptation [6, 7]. However, in 2005, the vital capacity of Qinghai plateau population was lower than the national average (Table 3), which may be due to the changes of lung tissue, cell structure and function caused by chronic hypoxia environment at plateau, which accelerated the aging process of lung [8]. The veins of people in Qinghai Plateau are slightly lower than the national level except for women who are the same as or slightly higher than the national level after 50 years old (Table 3). It is considered that the low quiet heart rate of plateau people is related to the adaptive changes of plateau residents living in hypoxic environment for a long time, such as enhancing vagus nerve function, saving myocardial energy consumption and improving cardiac work efficiency [6, 7]. The step index reflecting the cardiac function of the adult population in Qinghai is higher than the national level (Table 3), which may be a manifestation of the cardiovascular system adapting to the hypoxic environment in Qinghai Plateau population. The systolic blood pressure of people in Qinghai Plateau is lower than the national level, and the diastolic blood pressure is the same as the whole country (Table 3). Zhang Yanbo's research [6] points out that the physiological blood pressure of plateau residents is low, mainly due to the obvious decrease of systolic blood pressure, while the diastolic blood pressure is slightly lower or similar to that of the plain, which is related to the increase of red blood cells and blood viscosity caused by the long-term influence of hypoxia environment on plateau residents. It can be seen that the plateau people living in Qinghai show the characteristics of small vital capacity, low contraction, low quiet heart rate and strong heart function. Table 3 Comparison of physical function and quality indexes of Qinghai plateau population with the national average level in 2005
nature
Other ages
(years old) quiet heart rate
Systolic blood pressure (heartbeat/minute)
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)
vital/breathing capacity
(ml) step
Exponential sitting posture and body bending
Grip strength (cm)
One foot with eyes closed.
Stand and choose reverse.
Timely reaction force
Vertical jump (kg)
(cm) Push-ups (Male)/Back
Sit-ups (female) (male) 20 ~ 24-0.2-4.9 * * 0.5-361* * 2.6 *-0.1-16.3 * * 0.02 * * 2.4. - 1.0 * *-0.5- 16.0 * * 0.0 1.9 *-2.9 * *-2.2 * * 30 ~ 34-0.9 *-4.7 * *-0.2-309 * * 2.4 * *-0.9 * * 0- 14.3 * * 0.0 / kloc-0/ * * 1.7-225~29- 1.8**-4. 1**-0.3-282**3.8**-2.6**0.7**- 17.5**0.02**- 1.6*-2.5**-7.0**30~34-0.9**-3.2** 0.3-295**2.3**-2.0**0.8** - 15.3**0.02**- 1.7*-2.3**-4.4**35~39- 1.0**-4.3**-0.2-288**2.5**- 1.8**0.6**- 10.9** 0.0 1*-0.7-2. 1**-4.0** 40~44- 1.6**-3.6**0. 1-230**2. 1**-2.7**0.7**-7.4**045~49-0. 1-5.2**-0.3- 1 50** 1.4**-3.0**0.7**-5.3** 0.0 150~540.3-6.2**-0.5- 159**-0.2-2.9**0.8**-3.4**0.04**55~59 1. 1**-6.4**-0.3-224** - 1.5**-3.8**0.3- 1.6**0.07** 60 ~ 640.6- 1.8 * * 2.3 * *-2 18 * *-2.8 * * 0.5 *-2. 1 * * 0.08 * * 65 ~ 690.5-4.5 * * 2.65438. Physical fitness indicators include strength quality (grip strength, back strength, vertical jump, male push-ups and female sit-ups), flexibility quality (sitting forward), balance and coordination quality (standing with one foot closed) and neuromuscular reaction quality (selective reaction time). In Qinghai plateau population, except for female grip strength and male back strength, which are close to or slightly higher than the national level of the same age, all other quality indexes are lower than the national level (Table 3), showing the physical characteristics of Qinghai adults and the elderly, such as poor joint muscle flexibility, low muscle explosive force, poor balance and coordination ability and poor neuromotor response ability. The reason may be related to the early decline of nervous system function and aging of brain tissue under long-term hypoxia environment at high altitude, which leads to mental activity disorder and decreased vision and hearing.
2.4 Physical fitness standards. The physical health rate of adults aged 20-59 in Qinghai Province is 83.0%, of which the excellent rate is 6.8%, the good rate is 20.4%, the qualified rate is 55.8%, and the unqualified rate is 17.0%. The excellent rate, good rate, qualified rate and unqualified rate of the elderly aged 60-69 were 2.5%, 12.6%, 57.9% and 27.0% respectively. The excellent rate, good rate and reaching standard rate of plateau people are lower than the national level, but the unqualified rate is higher than the national level by 3.8 ~ 1 1.4%, and the physical reaching standard rate lags behind the national average.
3. The changing trend of people's physique in Qinghai Plateau.
Compared with the results of national physique monitoring in Qinghai Province in 2000 [9] (Tables 4 and 5), in 2005, except for the height, weight, body mass index index and skinfold thickness of elderly men and women, other morphological indexes have improved, especially for men, suggesting that the body fullness and nutritional status of Qinghai Plateau people have improved. In 2005, the blood pressure and vital capacity of plateau population in Qinghai province were lower than that in 2000, and the step index was higher than that in 2000, but the resting heart rate did not change significantly. In 2005, the indexes such as selective reaction time, vertical jump, push-ups (male) and one-minute sit-ups (female) were better than those in 2000, and other qualities declined, indicating that the qualities of adults and the elderly in Qinghai Province in neuromuscular reaction ability and lower limb muscle strength improved, while the upper limb muscle strength, joint muscle flexibility, balance and coordination, and back muscle strength decreased, especially at the age of 20-39 and 49. 0.0 1)。 Table 4 Comparison of Body Mass Index between Qinghai Plateau Population in 2005 and 2000
Gender and age
Height (years)
Weight (cm)
It can only be calculated by height and weight, and there is no specific value.