2. Behavioral risk factors can be changed: smoking, drinking, unreasonable diet and sedentary lifestyle.
3. Irreversible behavioral risk factors: age, gender, race and heredity.
4. Six basic strategies (Z): lifestyle management, demand management, disease management, catastrophic injury management, disability management and comprehensive population health management.
First, lifestyle management.
(1) The concept of lifestyle management (Z): refers to health care activities centered on individuals or themselves. Health promotion technology is used to protect people from bad behaviors, reduce the damage of risk factors to health, prevent diseases and improve health. Diet, physical activity, smoking, moderate drinking and mental stress are the focus of lifestyle management in China.
(2) Characteristics of lifestyle management (S): 1, focusing on the individual and emphasizing the individual's health responsibility and role; 2. Give priority to prevention and effectively integrate three-level prevention; 3, usually combined with other health management strategies.
(3) There are four technologies to change health behaviors (L): education, motivation, training and marketing.
Second, demand management.
(1) Demand management concept: Help healthy consumers to maintain their own health and seek suitable health services, control health costs, and promote the rational use of health services. Including self-care services and crowd diversion services to help people better use medical services and manage their minor illnesses.
(2) There are four main factors affecting demand (L): 1, the prevalence rate; 2. Perception of needs; 3. Patient preference; 4. Motives other than health factors.
(3) The main method of demand forecasting (L): 1, health assessment based on questionnaire; 2. Based on the evaluation of medical and health expenditure.
(4) Demand management methods: 24-hour telephone service, referral service, Internet-based health database, health classes, service reservation, etc.
Third, disease management.
(1) Concept of disease management (Z): It is a system for coordinating medical care intervention and communicating with patients, emphasizing the importance of patients' self-care. Disease management supports the doctor-patient relationship and health care plan, and emphasizes the use of evidence-based medicine and strategies to enhance individuals' ability to prevent disease from worsening. It evaluates clinical, humanistic and economic effects based on the continuous improvement of individual or group health. Including crowd identification, evidence-based medicine guidance, collaborative operation between doctors and service providers, patient self-management education, process and result prediction and management, and regular reporting and feedback.