(1) Sensing the threat of disease
① Susceptibility to diseases: refers to an individual's judgment on the possibility of suffering from a certain disease or having a certain health problem.
② Perceived severity of disease: refers to the individual's view on the severity of suffering from a certain disease, being exposed to a certain risk factor or not treating an existing disease.
(2) Perceived benefits of adoption behavior: refers to the subjective judgment of individuals on the benefits that can be brought by adopting or giving up a certain behavior.
(3) Perceived adoption behavior barriers: refers to the subjective judgment of the obstacles that individuals will face in adopting healthy behaviors, including tangible costs and psychological costs.
(4) Self-efficacy: Self-efficacy is an individual's evaluation and judgment of his own ability, that is, his confidence in his ability to control internal and external factors, successfully adopt healthy behaviors and achieve expected results.
(5) Incentive factors: refers to the factors that induce healthy behaviors.
(6) Socio-demographic factors: including individual characteristics, such as age, gender, nationality, personality characteristics, social class, peer influence, individual's understanding of disease and health, etc.
Definition of health belief model:
The health belief model is based on needs and motivation theory, cognitive theory and value expectation theory. It pays attention to people's attitudes and beliefs about health and attaches importance to internal and external factors that affect beliefs.
HBM is the first theory to explain and predict health behaviors, which was put forward by Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels in 1952.
HBM believes that individuals' perception, taking positive actions and believing that they can take recommended actions are important factors for behavior change. It is used to explore various long-term and short-term health behavior problems, including sexual risk behaviors and the spread of HIV\AIDS.