(1) The change of human body weight can reflect the nutritional status, but the influencing factors such as dehydration or edema should be excluded. The thickness of triceps skinfold is an index to measure body fat reserve; The measurement of upper arm circumference can reflect the status of muscle and fat in the whole body.
⑵ Visceral protein determination is an important index of nutritional evaluation, including serum albumin, transferrin and prealbumin concentration determination.
(3) Lymphocyte count.
(4) Nitrogen balance test.