2. China wine industry is facing severe challenges.
At present, the wine industry in China is facing severe challenges. Not only has it a small share in the international market, but its export volume is also small. The domestic market is being occupied by wine products from other countries, and it mainly occupies the high-end and mid-range market in China. At present, there are three important tasks to stabilize the domestic market: first, improve the flavor quality of wine; The second is to improve the safety and quality of wine; The third is to overcome the problems of large short-term labor demand and high production cost in the construction of large-scale production bases in winter. At present, the varieties of wine grapes cultivated in China are mainly foreign varieties, especially those originating in France. In the Mediterranean climate of France, Italy and other countries (summer drought, large temperature difference between day and night), the soluble solids content of these varieties at harvest is just suitable for brewing dry wine. In China, except the northwest region, the rainfall in the main grape producing areas is mainly concentrated in the period before the grapes grow and mature in summer, and the temperature difference between day and night is small. In most cases, the content of soluble solids is less than 265,438+0% ~ 23% when the fruit is ripe, so sugar is usually needed to reach the required alcohol content, and the quality of the wine produced is poor. Eurasian wine varieties can overwinter safely in the world's major wine producing areas, but in China's major wine producing areas, including most parts of North China and Northwest China, they can't overwinter safely in the open field, and they must be covered with soil in winter. However, the mechanized operation of buried grapes is difficult, and planting buried grapes for cold protection requires a lot of labor, which leads to an extreme shortage of short-term labor in large-scale production, and also leads to an increase in the labor cost of raw materials, which reduces the competitiveness of China wines in the international and domestic markets. The main wine producing areas in China are rainy and hot in the same season, while the main cultivated wine varieties in Europe and Asia are weak in disease resistance. Therefore, the task of disease control in the production process is heavy, the amount of pesticides used is large, and the safety and quality of products are low. In the international market competition, they are facing the challenge of "green barriers". The best way to break through this technical barrier is to produce organic wine with strong disease resistance.
Developing organic grape cultivation is an important development trend of wine industry in the world at present.
Organic agriculture refers to a production system that does not use synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and feed additives at all. Agricultural products produced in accordance with organic agricultural production methods are collectively referred to as organic food, and fruits produced in accordance with organic agricultural production methods are called organic fruits. According to the processing requirements of organic agricultural products, the wine processed from organic fruits, that is, organic wine, is the product with the highest quality requirements in safe food. Because organic food produced by organic agriculture is the safest food, it is expensive in the international market, and its price is usually 3 ~ 4 times that of similar ordinary food.
A small amount of organic wine has been produced all over the world. In the United States, growing organic grapes has become a trend, and consumers are more and more interested in organic wine. The American Organic Industry Association estimates that the sales of organic wine are increasing at an average rate of 15%. In 2005, about 150 grape growers and wineries in California were certified by CCOF, representing 80% of organic agriculture in California. Many wineries in Germany and Italy also own wines made from organic grapes, such as La Spinona in Piedmont, Italy, and Clos Roche Blanche, Domaine de la Sansonniere and Paulat in Loire Valley, France. Chile's famous Anduragua vineyard is already planting organic grapes and starting to produce organic wine. In recent years, in order to adapt to the development trend of world agricultural production and improve the competitiveness of China's agricultural products in the international market, 200 1 State Environmental Protection Administration issued the Technical Specification for Organic Food and formulated the OFDC organic certification standard, which created conditions for the production of organic fruits and the development of organic wine industry.
Cultivating grape varieties with high disease resistance and stress resistance suitable for organic cultivation is an inevitable measure to develop organic wine in China.
So far, the output of real organic wine in China is still very small, mainly because of the lack of organic grape cultivation in China. At present, the main areas of raw material production of wine grapes in China are rainy and hot in the same season, and all the current Eurasian wine varieties are cultivated, which have poor disease resistance and do not use synthetic chemical pesticides at all, and the diseases are particularly serious. At present, China should break through the key limiting factor of disease control. The only way is to make an important breakthrough in variety breeding and adopt new varieties with high disease resistance. At present, some domestic grape breeding units are doing this work. The Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units have bred some excellent wine grape strains with strong resistance and disease resistance and high sugar content, which will make important contributions to the healthy and sustainable development of China's characteristic wine industry. While continuously improving the quality of domestic wine, it can eliminate the homogenization phenomenon as soon as possible and show the typical and unique style of China wine, which is of great significance to further improve the wine product structure and meet the individual needs of the wine consumption market. Therefore, exploring varieties and their cultivation modes suitable for site conditions in China can promote the healthy and sustainable development of wine production in China. China's wine grapes are mainly cultivated in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China. Now all the cultivated varieties need to be buried in winter to realize economic cultivation. Because of burying soil, the surface is exposed in winter and spring, which has become an important dust source of dust weather in North China and Northwest China. The monitoring results of National Environmental Analysis and Testing Center show that the local contribution rate of dust weather in Beijing is 20% ~ 30%, and the exposed farmland surface is the most important source of dust. The wine grape varieties' Beihong' and' Beimei' cultivated by Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences have strong cold resistance and disease resistance. In parts of North China, Northwest China and Northeast China, vineyards do not need to be buried in winter, which can save a lot of labor. At the same time, it can also reduce sand blowing weather and effectively protect the ecological environment; Save a lot of pesticide costs, greatly reduce production costs, and increase the economic benefits of farmers and enterprises. Organic planting and production of organic wine can increase the market competitiveness of products and realize the healthy and sustainable development of China wine.
Developing organic wine is of great significance to the healthy development of grape industry and solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers.
Organic wine emphasizes safety, hygiene and high quality, while emphasizing environmental protection in the production process and the sustainable development of the industry. Nowadays, food problems occur frequently in China. The food safety crisis has seriously affected the development of related industries. Therefore, the production and development of organic wine will have a huge market development prospect. First, there is no real organic wine production in China at present. The large-scale development and production of organic wine in China can first play an important role in the strategic structural adjustment of China's agricultural industry, and improve the economic benefits of agricultural production by changing the types and structure of agricultural production; Second, as far as China's accession to the WTO is concerned, high-quality organic wine can improve the competitiveness of our wine products in the international and domestic markets, especially to open up the international market and increase the export volume of our agricultural products in the international market; Thirdly, improve the health, safety and quality of China wine to meet the growing demand of China people for high-quality wine products. Therefore, the production of organic wine can ultimately improve the economic benefits of wine production enterprises and increase farmers' income, which is of great significance to solving the "three rural issues".