1 Animal food safety status in China
1. 1 The production safety of animal food is poor.
Although the output and growth rate of livestock and poultry products in China have been the first in the world for more than ten years, and the market potential and production cost have advantages, there is still a significant gap between food safety and the advanced level in the world. From the perspective of production, decentralized farming is still dominant in China, and developed countries have eliminated this family farming method as early as ten years ago; From the processing link, the equipment, technology and management level of most processing enterprises are very backward, the phenomenon of private slaughter and indiscriminate slaughter has not been completely controlled, and the production capacity of some large and medium-sized modern slaughterhouses is idle; From the perspective of marketing methods, the vast majority of animal foods in China are carried out through farmers' markets, while the meat flow in developed countries is managed through advanced supermarket retail methods.
1.2 animal food safety accidents continue.
In recent years, animal food safety accidents have occurred one after another in the world. For example, the Belgian "V-poisoned chicken" incident, which started in Britain and spread to other countries, has dealt a heavy blow to the food industry and animal husbandry in these countries, and this series of problems has attracted the attention of the international community. Compared with foreign countries, the safety problem of animal food in China is more serious, such as the "Clenbuterol" poisoning incident in Zhejiang; Agricultural and veterinary drugs, heavy metals, antibiotics and hormones have brought potential harm to animal food safety and environmental pollution; Infant milk powder containing melamine causes more infants to form urinary calculi, which seriously damages children's physical and mental health and has an incalculable impact on China's dairy industry, which has attracted great attention from the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.
2 factors affecting the safety of animal food
2. 1 biological factors
Animal food is polluted in the process of production, transportation and packaging, which leads to the proliferation of microorganisms and parasites and food poisoning. After eating the meat of livestock and poultry contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms, people are prone to infection and illness, which makes animal diseases popular, especially the occurrence of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases. It can be seen that the biological pollution of animal food has seriously affected the quality of animal food and endangered the physical and mental health of consumers.
2.2 Feed factors
The quality of meat will be affected by mildew, toxic substances, drug pollution, or the lack or excess of certain elements in feed; The content of heavy metals in feed exceeds the standard, which makes people poisoned through the enrichment of animal food. Because modern aquaculture is highly intensive, it needs a lot of drugs to prevent and treat animal diseases, and it is easy to overuse veterinary drugs in feed, or even use illegal drugs, so that veterinary drug residues in animal foods exceed the standard.
2.3 Environmental factors
Environmental pollution affects the safety of livestock products. The pollutants in the environment are mainly reflected in the following aspects: there are no harmless treatment facilities in farms, and improper treatment of discharged wastes leads to unreasonable discharge of "three wastes" in polluting industries and abuse of pesticides, which will cause pollution of the atmosphere, soil, water bodies, animals and plants and chemical pollution of animals; In the process of animal production, it will also be polluted by radioactive elements. In recent years, due to the wide application of radioactive elements, the pollution of radioactive elements to the living environment of animals has also increased dramatically. Radioactive elements in the environment enter livestock and poultry through pasture, feed and drinking water, and accumulate in tissues and organs, especially aquatic products such as fish and shellfish have a strong enrichment effect on some radioactive elements.
2.4 Other influencing factors in the process of processing and sales.
Some people put sick animals and sick birds on the market in pursuit of huge profits, which not only seriously endangers animal husbandry production, but also seriously threatens people's health.
3 Hazard analysis of unsafe animal food
3. 1 affects people's health and harms consumers' interests.
Long-term or uncontrolled use of antibiotics, sulfonamides and biological products can cause drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, especially female animals, and can lead to drug resistance of young animals at birth. At the same time, these animal foods will also cause drug resistance if they are eaten by consumers for a long time. Animal products containing hormones, stimulants and other drugs are eaten by human beings for a long time, which will also cause hormone regulation disorder in the body.
3.2 Endangering animal health and affecting the development of animal husbandry
Animal epidemics and veterinary drug residues not only endanger human health, but also endanger the health of animals themselves. For example, dioxin poisoning makes laying hens stop laying eggs, shed their hair and fidget. Make broilers grow slowly, listless and die suddenly; Make it difficult for chickens to hatch.
3.3 Safety and quality seriously restrict the export of animal food in China to earn foreign exchange.
China is a big country in animal husbandry production in the world, and its meat and egg production ranks first in the world, but its annual export volume is very low. The main reason is that quality problems affect exports. In recent years, incidents of rejection, detention, return, claim and termination of contracts in importing countries have occurred from time to time due to diseases, veterinary drug residues, heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances exceeding the standard.
4. Countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening animal food safety
The frequent health and safety problems of animal food seriously endanger consumers' lives and health, hinder China's animal food from entering the international market, and affect China's international reputation and image. To solve the safety problem of animal food, we should take measures from the source and implement the whole process monitoring system, which requires the joint efforts of government departments and the whole society. Only in this way can we ensure the safety of animal food from farmland to table.
4. 1 Promote animal food safety knowledge.
Take television, newspapers or publicity in the countryside and other forms, so that farms (households), individuals in veterinary drug production and business units, individuals in feed and feed additives production and business units and consumers can understand and master the importance of scientific use of veterinary drugs and feed safety, improve the safety awareness of livestock products of the whole people, and reduce the harm of drug residues.
In particular, all farms (households) and livestock and poultry dealers must know the names of prohibited items and veterinary drugs, implement the withdrawal period, ensure that prohibited items are not used in the breeding process, and that veterinary drug residues meet the minimum standards, consciously improve and maintain the safety of animal food, and provide consumers with safe animals and animal products.