1, construction of water quality monitoring network
China has established a nationwide water quality monitoring network, covering urban water supply, rivers and lakes, coastal waters, groundwater and other water bodies. The network consists of national monitoring stations, provincial monitoring stations and municipal monitoring stations, and monitors water quality in a real-time, regular or irregular manner.
2. Formulation of water quality assessment standards
China has formulated a series of water quality evaluation standards, such as Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard and Groundwater Quality Standard, to guide the evaluation and supervision of water quality. These standards set the quality requirements and emission limits of different water quality categories according to the use and protection objectives of water bodies.
3. Construction of water quality supervision institutions
China has established the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the State Oceanic Administration, which are responsible for water quality supervision. These institutions are responsible for supervising and managing the protection, treatment and pollutant discharge of water bodies to ensure that the water quality meets relevant standards and requirements.
4. Development of water quality analysis technology
China's water quality analysis technology has developed rapidly, including physical, chemical, biological and microbial analysis methods. These methods include routine chemical analysis, spectral analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, DNA sequencing and so on. , can accurately quantitatively or qualitatively analyze organic matter, inorganic matter, heavy metals and microorganisms in water.
5. Information construction of water quality supervision
China has strengthened the informatization construction of water quality supervision and established a water quality monitoring and data management system. Through this system, the water quality monitoring data can be obtained in real time, the evaluation results can be analyzed, the data can be shared and published, and the efficiency and transparency of water quality supervision can be improved.
6. Construction of water quality early warning mechanism
China has established a water quality early warning mechanism. Through the analysis and evaluation of water quality monitoring data, we can find water quality anomalies and emergencies in advance and take timely countermeasures. This can minimize the impact on human health and the ecological environment.
Generally speaking, China has taken comprehensive measures in water quality monitoring and analysis to ensure the safe and sustainable utilization of water resources. These measures include monitoring, evaluation, supervision and early warning. Comprehensive use of various technical means and management mechanisms to continuously improve the efficiency and level of water quality supervision.