Mental health in a broad sense refers to an efficient, satisfactory and sustained mental state; In a narrow sense, it means that the process of people's basic psychological activities is complete and coordinated, that is, cognition, emotion, will, behavior and personality are complete and coordinated, which can adapt to and synchronize with society.
With the development of society and the deepening of education reform, China has clearly put forward the call to change from exam-oriented education to quality education. Good psychological quality is one of the basic qualities that students should have. Cultivating students' excellent psychological quality has gradually become an important task of modern school education. But at present, most of them involve the psychological problems of college and middle school students, and the mental health problems of primary school students, especially left-behind children in rural areas, have not been paid enough attention. In fact, due to the development and changes in rural areas in recent years, the emergence of a large number of "left-behind children" and some mistakes in family education and school education, many psychological problems have shown a trend of younger age. At the same time, the causes of many psychological problems among college students and middle school students can often be traced back to their primary school days. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out mental health education for students, especially the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools.
Second, the purpose of the investigation
We investigated the mental health status of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools in Daohe Township, aiming at understanding the mental health status of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools, and analyzing the incidence of mental problems of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools, as well as the main psychological problems that plague them and their reasons. So as to provide scientific basis and correct methods for rural schools and families to effectively carry out mental health education for primary school students in grades 4 and 5.
Third, the survey object and method
1, respondents
170 people randomly selected four natural classes of Grade 4 and Grade 5 in Dayan Central Primary School and Xinqiao Primary School in Daohe Township, Lixian County. Among them, there are 80 boys and 85 girls, ranging in age from 10 to 13, basically from rural families.
2. Investigation methods
(1) Taking the Mental Health Diagnostic Test (MHT) revised by Professor Zhou Bucheng from the Department of Psychology of East China Normal University as the test material, this paper investigates the characteristics of middle and senior students in rural primary schools from eight aspects: learning anxiety, anxiety about others, loneliness tendency, self-blame tendency, allergy tendency, physical symptoms, terror tendency and impulsiveness. The score of each content scale can be converted into a standard score, and the standard score of eight content scales is the standard score of the total anxiety tendency of the whole scale.
(2) This survey tested 170 people, and effectively tested 165 people.
3. Statistical standards
MHT Scale uses eight factors to reflect students' anxiety. Each factor is divided into a critical point, and the standard score is 8 points, that is, < 8 is normal anxiety, > 8 is abnormal anxiety, and the sum of the standard scores of the eight factors is the total score of students' anxiety, so the critical point of the total score of anxiety is equal to 64 points.
Fourth, the survey results.
1, the detection rate of mental health problems of rural primary school students in grades 4 and 5.
Table 1 165 standard distribution of total anxiety tendency of rural primary school students in grades 4 and 5.
The standard score of total anxiety tendency is above 65 (including 65 points), ranging from 0 to 64 points.
No.29 136
Proportion (%) 17.58 82.42
As can be seen from the table 1, the proportion of rural primary school students with obvious mental health problems is 17.58%, which is the total detection rate of rural primary school students with mental problems.
2. The main psychological problems of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools.
Table 2 Distribution of 29 students with general anxiety tendency and abnormal anxiety in each content scale
content
Scale learning
Anxiety about people
Anxiety and loneliness
Tend to blame yourself.
Allergic tendency
Lean towards the body
The symptoms are terrible.
Impulsive
trend
Number 4 8 2 2 5 3 20 10
Proportion (%)13.79 27.59 6.90 6.9017.2410.34 68.97 34.45
Ranked 53774 12
As can be seen from Table 2, the number of 29 students with total anxiety tendency who scored more than 8 points in the eight content scales is ranked as follows: fear tendency, impulsive tendency, anxiety about others, allergic tendency, learning anxiety, physical symptoms, loneliness tendency and self-blame tendency.
There are many students, although the total score of anxiety is below 65, but the standard score of individual content scale is above 8 (see Table 3). It shows that although they don't show obvious psychological problems in general, they have different degrees of psychological problems in some aspects, and they must also be psychologically counseled.
Table 3 Distribution of the number of students with abnormal anxiety in each content scale
content
Scale learning
Anxiety about people
Anxiety and loneliness
Tend to blame yourself.
Allergic tendency
Lean towards the body
The symptoms are terrible.
Impulsive
trend
No.6 8 2 2 7 5 30 13
The ratio (%) is 3.64 4.851.21.21.21.4.24 3.0318.18 7.88.
Ranked 53774 12
As can be seen from Table 3, all students' abnormal anxiety accounts for a large proportion in the eight content scales, namely, terrorist tendency, impulsive tendency and anxiety about others. Compared with the ranking in Table 2, it has a significant high correlation. This shows that no matter all students or students with high anxiety, they are consistent in the aspects that are more prone to psychological problems. The contents of the scale that rural pupils are more prone to psychological problems are terror tendency, impulsiveness tendency, anxiety about others, allergy tendency, learning anxiety, physical symptoms, loneliness tendency and self-blame tendency in turn.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) result analysis
1. The total detection rate of psychological problems among the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools is 17.58%, which is higher than the national average (according to the survey in 22 provinces and cities, the detection rate of children's mental health problems is 6.32% ~ 16% [1]). This shows that the psychological development of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools is not optimistic, and psychological problems are widespread. This includes not only students with obvious psychological problems whose total anxiety score is ≥65, but also students who show abnormal anxiety on individual content scales although their total anxiety score is < 65. We should not only give psychological guidance and correction to 17.58% pupils, but also give guidance to students with certain psychological abnormalities.
2. Terror tendency is the primary problem that affects the mental health of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools. The main reason for the terrorist tendency is that children are spoiled and over-cared from childhood, forming a character of strong dependence and lack of independence. According to the survey of our school, with the development of market economy, more and more farmers go out to work, and nearly 60% of rural primary school students are raised and educated by grandparents. Nowadays, the old people always want to create a superior environment for their grandchildren, because they experienced the hardships of life in their childhood. They regard their grandchildren as the apple of their eyes, pamper them in every way, protect their grandchildren everywhere, and try their best to meet the various needs of their children. The proportion of "doting on children and being responsive" is as high as 78.9%. Children who grow up in this pampered atmosphere, like flowers in a greenhouse, can't stand the wind and rain, can't stand a little wind and waves and setbacks, and it is easy to form a horrible mentality.
3. The incidence of impulsiveness ranks second in the incidence of mental health problems among the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools. Impulsive tendency refers to fidgeting driven by strong anxiety, wanting to cry or shouting for no reason. This is an emotional problem, just like the tendency of terrorism. First of all, it is closely related to improper family education. If the family's requirements for children are too satisfied, it is easy to develop the characteristics of children's willfulness, stubbornness and changeable emotions. Secondly, it is related to the fact that the school only attaches importance to knowledge education and ignores the cultivation of students' personality. Pupils are under too much pressure, and they have not learned how to deal with setbacks and difficulties at home and school, and their emotions are easily out of control.
4. Among the mental health problems of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools, anxiety about others ranks third. It is mainly manifested in feeling restless in front of everyone, and it is easy to have anxiety in interpersonal communication and dealing with interpersonal relationships. This tendency is getting worse and worse among primary school students, which seriously affects their normal interpersonal communication and psychological needs. One of the reasons for people's anxiety is the "one-child syndrome". Nowadays, most primary school students are only children, and they are generally headstrong, stubborn and dependent. Secondly, it is related to the neglect of cultivating primary school students' interpersonal skills in school education.
5. Learning anxiety ranks fifth among the mental health problems of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools. This shows that the rural education authorities and schools comply with the trend of education reform, and gradually shift from exam-oriented education to quality education, which reduces the learning burden of students and lays the foundation for maintaining their mental health. In recent years, many studies have shown that students' psychological anxiety is mainly manifested in interpersonal communication and emotional control, not in study. Our findings also confirm this discovery.
Conclusion and suggestion of intransitive verbs
To sum up, the main factors that affect the mental health of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools come from family, school and society. The most important issue is family education, which has always been a problem area in education in China. Influenced by traditional consciousness, there are some wrong family education concepts in many rural family education, such as "emphasizing parents over education" and "emphasizing physiology over psychology". Coupled with the implementation of the one-child policy, a large number of "left-behind children" have appeared in rural areas. Parents or main guardians overindulge their children, blindly meet their various material needs, overprotect their children and take care of them in many things, thus developing their characters such as strong dependence, willfulness, stubbornness and lack of independent living ability. School education has long neglected the cultivation of children's psychological quality, which has also had a negative impact on the mental health of rural primary school students in grades 4 and 5.
Based on the above findings, the following suggestions are put forward:
1. The mental health problems of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools are common and serious. The whole society should pay attention to the mental health of rural primary school students.
2. Give full play to the important role of family education in the mental health education of the fourth and fifth grade students in rural primary schools, update the concept of family education, optimize the methods of family education, and maintain the consistency between family education and school education by holding parent schools and other forms.
3. All rural schools should fully implement quality education, pay more attention to the mental health education of primary school students, purposefully help primary school students develop self-control ability, establish self-confidence in interpersonal relationships, and provide psychological counseling to some students with abnormal anxiety.
4, carry out psychological training activities, organize students to receive social education, so that students can be honed in social practice activities.