Postgraduate entrance examination: What are the specific subjects of health integration and health management integration?

Health synthesis: including the basic contents of four courses: environmental hygiene, occupational health and occupational diseases, nutrition and food hygiene, and epidemiology. The basic contents of environmental hygiene are: the definition, research object and content of environmental hygiene. Ecological environment and human health. Interaction between biology and environment. General characteristics of environmental harmful factors to human body. Health effect spectrum and sensitive population. Acute, chronic and long-term harm of environmental pollution to people. Research methods of the relationship between environment and health. Basic elements of health risk assessment and its application. Factors affecting the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere. Influence of air pollution on human health. Air hygiene standards in China. Atmospheric health protection measures. Water quality characteristics and evaluation index. Pollution, self-purification and fate of water bodies. Harm of water pollution. Relevant water quality standards. Health protection of water body. Drinking water pollution and diseases. Soil pollution and self-purification. Effects of soil pollution on health. Influence of residential microclimate on health and its hygienic requirements. Influence of indoor air pollution on health and its hygienic requirements. The concept of public places. Hygienic requirements of major public places. Urban and rural planning is healthy. Environmental quality assessment. Hygiene of household chemicals. The basic contents of the course "Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases" are: occupational harmful factors and occupational diseases. Pathogenic patterns and characteristics of occupational harmful factors. Tertiary prevention of occupational diseases. Metals and nonmetals, irritating gases, asphyxiating gases, organic solvents, amino and nitro compounds of benzene, poisons in the production of polymer compounds, pesticides and other common occupational poisons and occupational poisoning. Dust and occupational lung disease. Effects of adverse meteorological conditions, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation on health. Characteristics of occupational carcinogenic factors; Identification and determination of occupational carcinogens; Common occupational tumors; Prevention principles of occupational tumors. Risk assessment of occupational hazards. Control of occupational harmful factors. The basic contents of the course of Nutrition and Food Hygiene are as follows: The function of protein. Nutritional evaluation of food in protein. Malnutrition and evaluation of nutritional status in protein. Protein, the supply of lipids and carbohydrates. Determination of human thermal energy consumption and demand. Minerals and vitamins needed by human body. Evaluation of nutritional value of food and its significance. Nutritional value of various foods. Nutrition of different groups of people. Nutrition and disease. Food pollution and its prevention. Definition, classification, use requirements and hygiene management of food additives. Hygiene and management of various foods. Foodborne diseases and food poisoning. Food hygiene supervision and management. The basic contents of epidemiology course are: the definition, characteristics and application fields of epidemiology. Measurement indexes of disease frequency, epidemic intensity and three-dimensional distribution of diseases. The concept of epidemiological etiology and the principles and standards of etiology inference. Basic principles, implementation principles, scope of application, meaning of statistical analysis indicators, basic calculation methods, advantages and limitations of various epidemiological research methods (including descriptive research, case-control research, cohort research and epidemiological experimental research). Bias in epidemiological research (selection bias, information bias and confounding bias) and its control. Basic strategies and measures of disease prevention, definition and function of disease monitoring. Basic concepts and research characteristics of infectious disease epidemiology, serum epidemiology, molecular epidemiology and genetic epidemiology. Epidemiological characteristics and preventive strategies of malignant tumor, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and common infectious diseases. Core courses and main practice links of comprehensive health management specialty: introduction to basic medicine, introduction to clinical medicine, epidemiology, health statistics, preventive medicine, health law, management, hospital management, health information management, medical record management, health economics, clinical probation, professional practice, etc. , as well as the main characteristic courses and practical links of each school.