The course I studied at school is called "Ship Structure and Equipment"
Ship equipment science mainly refers to ship common sense, hull structure, anchor equipment, mooring equipment, loading and unloading equipment, ship inspection and repair and other knowledge.
The contents of the textbook "Ship Structure and Equipment" for maritime higher education are as follows:
Chapter I Common Sense of Ships
Section 1 Basic composition and main signs of ships
Section 2 Ship Scale and Ship Tonnage
Section III Types and Characteristics of Ships
Chapter II Hull Structure and Ship Pipeline System
Section 1 Marine steel and connection method
Section 2 Hull Structure
Section III Hull Structure Characteristics of Typical Special Purpose Ships
Section 4 Ship Piping System
Chapter III Anchor Equipment
Section 1 Composition and Function of Anchoring Equipment
Type and structure of anchorage in the second quarter
Section 3 Composition and Marking of Anchor Chain
Section 4 Types, Structures and Requirements of Anchors
Section 5 Equipment, Test, Inspection and Maintenance of Anchoring Equipment
Section 6 Operation of Anchoring Equipment
Chapter IV Mooring Equipment
Section 1 Mooring Cable
Section 2 Name, Function and Equipment of Mooring Cable
Section III Composition of Mooring Equipment
Section 4 Matters needing attention in inspection, maintenance and use of mooring equipment
Section 5 Mooring Standard Clauses
Chapter V Rudder Equipment
The composition and transfer principle of the first rudder equipment
Type and structure of rudder in the second quarter
The third quarter steering gear
The fourth quarter steering gear control system
Section 5 Autopilot
Section 6 Adaptive Rudder and Autopilot
Section 7 Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of Rudder Equipment
Section 8 Steering Sequence and Basic Steering Methods
Chapter VI Lifting Equipment
Section 1 pulleys, winches and rigging
Section 2 Crane
Section 3 Light Derrick
Section 4 Heavy Derrick
Section 5 Inspection, Maintenance and Testing of Lifting Equipment
Section 6 Cargo Cover and Cabin Facilities
Chapter VII Ship Fastening Equipment
Section 1 Definition
Section 2 Non-standard and Semi-standard Goods Fastening Equipment
Section 3 Standard Goods Fastening Equipment
Section 4 Inspection, Maintenance, Precautions and Inspection of Fastener Equipment
Chapter VIII Ship's Anti-sinking Structure and Leakage Stopping
Section 1 Definition
Section 2 Watertight Devices and Requirements at Hull Openings
In the third quarter, the ship was blocked
Chapter IX Ship Repair
Section 1 Ship Repair
Section 2 Acceptance and Test of Ships
Chapter X Classification and Inspection of Ships
Section 1 Classification of Ships
Section 2 Ship Inspection
2. General knowledge about ships
First, ship construction is a kind of maritime transport.
Although the ships are different in size, the main parts of their structures are similar. The ship is mainly composed of the following parts: (1) hull, that is, the ship's hull, which is composed of several steel plates by rivets or electric welding, including keel wing plate, arc outer plate and upper outer plate.
(2) Frame Ship frame refers to various materials used to support the hull, which are divided into longitudinal and transverse parts. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and lateral bone; Cross beams include ribs, ship beams and bulkheads.
(3) Deck Deck is a steel plate laid on the ship beam, which divides the hull into upper, middle and lower layers. The number of decks of large ships can be as many as six or seven floors, which are used to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate layered loading and loading.
(4) Cargo hold and tank hold refer to various use spaces below the nail plate, including bow hold, stern hold, cargo hold, machinery hold and boiler hold. (5) Superstructure Superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, which is used for the life and work of the crew and the storage of their ships, including the first floor, the stern cabin and the bridge.
(6) Head: the front of the ship. The bend on both sides of the hull is called the bow.
(7) Stern: The back of a ship. The curved parts on both sides of the hull are called quarters.
(8) Bilge: the place where the side plate of the ship meets the bottom plate of the ship. Ship scale (9) Maximum scale: also known as full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of berths docked at the wharf, whether it can pass under the bridge and enter a wharf.
Total length (maximum length): refers to the horizontal distance between the foremost end and the rearmost end of the ship (including the outer plate and the permanently fixed protrusions at both ends). Full width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the outer plate and permanent fixing protrusion of the ship.
Maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It can get the height of the ship above the water by subtracting the draft.
(10) Registration scale: refers to the scale used by the competent authority in registering ships and calculating the gross tonnage and net tonnage of ships, and it shall be stated in the tonnage certificate. Registered length: the horizontal distance of the upper surface of the upper deck from the front edge of the mast to the rear edge of the mast; When there is no tailstock, measure the center of the rudder stock.
Registration width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of two outboard plates at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: the vertical distance measured from the lower surface of the upper deck to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate at the midpoint of the registered length of the longitudinal section of the ship.
(1 1) Ship size: Captain: the horizontal distance from the first edge to the rear edge of the stern post along the summer load waterline, also known as the length of two columns. Width: the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two side ribs at the widest part of the hull.
Depth: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the upper beam on the freeboard deck at the captain's midpoint. (12) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.
Plus the thickness of the flat keel, it is the actual draft. Two. Types of ships There are many kinds of ships that carry goods by sea.
According to different purposes, cargo ships can be divided into two categories: dry cargo ships and oil tankers. (1) Dry cargo ships can be divided into 1. General cargo ships are ships sailing on busy freight routes in a specific period of time, mainly carrying sporadic groceries. This kind of ship sails fast and is equipped with enough lifting equipment. In the ship structure, there are multiple decks to divide the cabin into multiple containers to meet the needs of loading different goods.
2. Bulk carriers Bulk carriers are ships used to transport unpackaged bulk goods. According to the different types of goods, it can be divided into grain ships, coal ships and ore ships.
Most of these ships are single deck, and there are no columns in the cabin, but there are partitions to prevent the cargo in the cabin from being misplaced when running in the wind and waves. 3. Refrigeration ship Refrigeration ship is a ship specially used for loading frozen perishable goods.
The ship is equipped with a refrigeration system, which can adjust various temperatures to meet the needs of different temperatures of goods in each cabin. 4. Timber ship Timber ship is a ship specially used for loading timber or logs.
This kind of cabin has a large mouth, and there are no equipment such as beams and columns that hinder loading and unloading. Cabin and deck can be loaded with wood.
In order to prevent the timber on the deck from being washed overboard by waves, bulwarks of not less than one meter are generally set on both sides of the ship's side. 5. Container ships There are three types of container ships: partial container ships, full container ships and convertible container ships: (1) partial container ships.
Only the middle of the ship is used as a special space for containers, and other spaces are still full of ordinary groceries. (2) Full container ships.
Refers to the ship specially used for transporting bagged containers. It is different from ordinary cargo ships. Its cargo hold is equipped with a grid frame and a vertical guide rail, which is convenient for the container to be put down along the guide rail, and the four corners are limited by grids to prevent dumping.
Container ships can stack three to nine containers in the cabin and three to four on the deck. (3) Convertible container ships.
The structure of the cargo container is detachable. Therefore, it can ship containers and general groceries when necessary.
The speed of container ships is very high, and most of them have no lifting equipment, so they need to rely on the lifting equipment on the dock for loading and unloading. This kind of container ship is also called unloading ship.
6. The ro-ro ship, also known as the ro-ro ship, is mainly used to transport cars and containers. The ship itself does not need loading and unloading equipment. Generally, there are slopes on the ship's side or at the bow and stern to connect the docks. When loading and unloading goods, both cars and containers (mounted on trailers) go in and out of the engine room directly.
The advantage of this kind of ship is that it does not depend on the loading and unloading equipment on the dock, and the loading and unloading speed is fast, which can accelerate the ship turnover. 7. Barge carriers are also called mother ships.
Refers to a ship carrying a barge and loading goods on the barge. The main advantage of barge carrier is that it is not limited by the depth of the port and does not need to occupy the berth of the dock. Loading and unloading of goods are carried out at anchorage, with high loading and unloading efficiency.
At present, the commonly used barge carriers are mainly "Rush" (.
3. General knowledge about ships
First, ship construction is a kind of maritime transport.
Although the ships are different in size, the main parts of their structures are similar. The ship is mainly composed of the following parts: (1) hull, that is, the ship's hull, which is composed of several steel plates by rivets or electric welding, including keel wing plate, arc outer plate and upper outer plate.
(2) Frame Ship frame refers to various materials used to support the hull, which are divided into longitudinal and transverse parts. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and lateral bone; Cross beams include ribs, ship beams and bulkheads.
(3) Deck Deck is a steel plate laid on the ship beam, which divides the hull into upper, middle and lower layers. The number of decks of large ships can be as many as six or seven floors, which are used to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate layered loading and loading.
(4) Cargo hold and tank hold refer to various use spaces below the nail plate, including bow hold, stern hold, cargo hold, machinery hold and boiler hold. (5) Superstructure Superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, which is used for the life and work of the crew and the storage of their ships, including the first floor, the stern cabin and the bridge.
(6) Head: the front of the ship. The bend on both sides of the hull is called the bow.
(7) Stern: The back of a ship. The curved parts on both sides of the hull are called quarters.
(8) Bilge: the place where the side plate of the ship meets the bottom plate of the ship. Ship scale (9) Maximum scale: also known as full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of berths docked at the wharf, whether it can pass under the bridge and enter a wharf.
Total length (maximum length): refers to the horizontal distance between the foremost end and the rearmost end of the ship (including the outer plate and the permanently fixed protrusions at both ends). Full width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the outer plate and permanent fixing protrusion of the ship.
Maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It can get the height of the ship above the water by subtracting the draft.
(10) Registration scale: refers to the scale used by the competent authority in registering ships and calculating the gross tonnage and net tonnage of ships, and it shall be stated in the tonnage certificate. Registered length: the horizontal distance of the upper surface of the upper deck from the front edge of the mast to the rear edge of the mast; When there is no tailstock, measure the center of the rudder stock.
Registration width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of two outboard plates at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: the vertical distance measured from the lower surface of the upper deck to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate at the midpoint of the registered length of the longitudinal section of the ship.
(1 1) Ship size: Captain: the horizontal distance from the first edge to the rear edge of the stern post along the summer load waterline, also known as the length of two columns. Width: the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two side ribs at the widest part of the hull.
Depth: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the upper beam on the freeboard deck at the captain's midpoint. (12) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.
Plus the thickness of the flat keel, it is the actual draft. Two. Types of ships There are many kinds of ships that carry goods by sea.
According to different purposes, cargo ships can be divided into two categories: dry cargo ships and oil tankers. (1) Dry cargo ships can be divided into 1. General cargo ships are ships sailing on busy freight routes in a specific period of time, mainly carrying sporadic groceries. This kind of ship sails fast and is equipped with enough lifting equipment. In the ship structure, there are multiple decks to divide the cabin into multiple containers to meet the needs of loading different goods.
2. Bulk carriers Bulk carriers are ships used to transport unpackaged bulk goods. According to the different types of goods, it can be divided into grain ships, coal ships and ore ships.
Most of these ships are single deck, and there are no columns in the cabin, but there are partitions to prevent the cargo in the cabin from being misplaced when running in the wind and waves. 3. Refrigeration ship Refrigeration ship is a ship specially used for loading frozen perishable goods.
The ship is equipped with a refrigeration system, which can adjust various temperatures to meet the needs of different temperatures of goods in each cabin. 4. Timber ship Timber ship is a ship specially used for loading timber or logs.
This kind of cabin has a large mouth, and there are no equipment such as beams and columns that hinder loading and unloading. Cabin and deck can be loaded with wood.
In order to prevent the timber on the deck from being washed overboard by waves, bulwarks of not less than one meter are generally set on both sides of the ship's side. 5. Container ships There are three types of container ships: partial container ships, full container ships and convertible container ships: (1) partial container ships.
Only the middle of the ship is used as a special space for containers, and other spaces are still full of ordinary groceries. (2) Full container ships.
Refers to the ship specially used for transporting bagged containers. It is different from ordinary cargo ships. Its cargo hold is equipped with a grid frame and a vertical guide rail, which is convenient for the container to be put down along the guide rail, and the four corners are limited by grids to prevent dumping.
Container ships can stack three to nine containers in the cabin and three to four on the deck. (3) Convertible container ships.
The structure of the cargo container is detachable. Therefore, it can ship containers and general groceries when necessary.
The speed of container ships is very high, and most of them have no lifting equipment, so they need to rely on the lifting equipment on the dock for loading and unloading. This kind of container ship is also called unloading ship.
6. The ro-ro ship, also known as the ro-ro ship, is mainly used to transport cars and containers. The ship itself does not need loading and unloading equipment. Generally, there are slopes on the ship's side or at the bow and stern to connect the docks. When loading and unloading goods, both cars and containers (mounted on trailers) go in and out of the engine room directly.
The advantage of this kind of ship is that it does not depend on the loading and unloading equipment on the dock, and the loading and unloading speed is fast, which can accelerate the ship turnover. 7. Barge carriers are also called mother ships.
Refers to a ship carrying a barge and loading goods on the barge. The main advantage of barge carrier is that it is not limited by the depth of the port and does not need to occupy the berth of the dock. Loading and unloading of goods are carried out at anchorage, with high loading and unloading efficiency.
At present, the commonly used barge carrier mainly includes "barge on board".
Chapter I General Provisions of the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Administration of Ship Visa.
Article 1 These Rules are formulated in accordance with the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Maritime Traffic Safety and the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Administration of Inland River Traffic Safety in order to regulate the visa behavior of ships and ensure the safety of water traffic.
Article 2 These Rules shall apply to domestic ships applying for ship visas in waters under the jurisdiction of People's Republic of China (PRC).
These rules do not apply to military ships, fishing boats and sports ships. However, when the above-mentioned ships are engaged in commercial transportation, they should apply for a ship visa according to these rules.
The term "ship visa" as mentioned in these Rules refers to the administrative licensing act that the maritime administrative agency, on the basis of the application of the ship or its operator and after examination according to law, grants navigation to those who meet the conditions of ship visa.
Article 3 The Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China is in charge of the administration of ship visas throughout the country. Maritime administrative agencies at all levels shall be specifically responsible for the management of ship visas within their respective jurisdictions.
Article 4 The management of ship visas shall follow the principles of efficiency and convenience.
5. Some common sense of going to sea
First, drivers, engineers, communications and other positions should be fully equipped; The second is to carry out maintenance, repair and professional inspection of the hull and various equipment to achieve seaworthiness.
Safety, fire fighting, life-saving equipment and emergency equipment are complete without damage; Third, fishing vessel inspection certificate, fishing vessel registration certificate, fishing license and other documents must be complete and effective. It must be emphasized that not everyone in the marine fishing crew is qualified and must meet certain conditions.
The crew should be healthy and qualified after training; The crew must hold a valid post certificate; Ordinary crew members must receive basic safety skills training. Two points for attention before fishing boats go out to sea. First, pay attention to listening to the weather forecast and master the weather conditions in the navigation and operation areas; The second is to check the navigation instruments and equipment, so that communication, navigation, signal lights, numbers and other equipment are in normal operation; Third, make exit visas according to regulations; Fishing boats should be loaded reasonably to keep the ship stable; Fourth, group production, not going to sea alone; Fifth, shipowners should also buy insurance for every fisherman who goes to sea.
Pay attention to the following points when fishing boats sail: 1. When fishing boats sail, they must be guarded by special personnel, and the personnel on duty must not leave their posts without permission and perform handover procedures; Second, fishing boats are not allowed to sail beyond the navigation area, beyond the wind resistance level, and are not allowed to sail in the no-fly zone; Third, navigation operations should avoid the customary routes of merchant ships; Fourth, correctly display signal lights and shapes according to regulations, sound signals according to regulations, and accurately display the ship's dynamics; Fifth, we must strictly abide by the 1972 international regulations for preventing collisions at sea. 4 When a fishing boat sails in accident-prone waters, it should be noted that the captain must be on duty in person and arrange personnel to strengthen the lookout and accurately determine the ship's position. According to the current wind, wind direction, wave height and flow direction, we should drive carefully and keep a safe speed.
5 Precautions When a fishing boat is driving in fog, the first thing to pay attention to is to turn on the radar, use a safe speed, and send more watchmen; Second, when you are uncertain or have doubts about the position of the ship, you should choose to anchor nearby; The third is to send out corresponding sound signals according to the ship's dynamics, and display the signal lights and types; Fourth, keep quiet so as to listen to sound signals and VHF wireless phones in the fog of other ships; Fifth, use good navigation skills and drive with extreme caution; Sixth, when necessary, the captain should order all or part of watertight doors and windows to be closed; Seventh, during the foggy voyage, the crew of driving and marine engineering posts should stick to their posts and strictly perform their respective duties. Pay attention to communication when going out to sea for offshore operations. Fishing boats in the formation should keep in constant contact, listen to the weather forecast regularly, and take effective safety measures such as windproof and antifreeze before the arrival of bad weather.
For the crew, the requirements are as follows: first, the crew should wear life jackets and helmets when working on the deck, and slippers are not allowed; Second, you are not allowed to stand under the derrick, and you are not allowed to stand or stay beside the ship without safety protection devices; Third, it is forbidden to engage in any production other than that stipulated in the fishing license or foreign fishing license; Fifth, it is forbidden to catch aquatic wild animals under national or international protection. If caught carelessly, they should be released immediately. Sixth, when the crew enters the fish cabin, they should prevent the deterioration of fish cargo from causing toxic substances poisoning. Seventh, when the net gear is off-line, the net gear operator should wear safety protection articles, clean the mouth and cuffs of the work clothes safely, prevent the net gear or wire rope (rope) from being brought into the water when the net gear is off-line, and operate strictly according to the rules to avoid being twisted by the net gear.
7 When lifting the net, the following matters should be paid attention to: First, the net bag should be lifted with a safe weight, and the net bag should not be lifted forcibly to prevent the wire rope (rope) from breaking and injuring people, thus causing the ship to tilt at a large angle; Second, in the process of hanging the net, the distance and angle between the net and the stern or the ship's side should be kept at any time to prevent the distance and angle between the net and the stern or the ship's side from winding the propeller; Third, when the net is pulled out in the heavy wind and waves, the rope twisting speed of the net machine should be slowed down appropriately to prevent the rope from being broken due to the impact of the wind and waves; Fourth, load the fish and nets correctly to keep the ship stable. Before the storm, there are eight aspects to deal with the stormy weather: First, we should listen to the weather forecast in time, pay attention to the changes of local conditions and customs, and return to Hong Kong in time to avoid the wind.
If you can't take shelter from the wind for some reason, you should make the following preparations. One is to keep the ship watertight.
All watertight doors, portholes, hatches, vents, skylights, water outlets and anchor barrels should be reinforced or covered as soon as possible to maintain watertightness; The second is to ensure smooth drainage. All drainage machinery, pipelines, valves and deck drainage doors shall be in good condition; The third is to fix all moving objects, such as nets, shovels and anchors.
Adjust everything inside and outside the engine room, such as derrick, ice, grapple hook, oil and water, etc. To reduce the center of gravity of the ship and improve its stability; Fourth, check the rudder device and anchor equipment to ensure that they are in good condition; Fifth, the engine room should ensure that the main engine is in good condition. If you encounter big waves at sea, you should immediately report the situation to the onshore platform, take mobile anchoring or drifting measures, keep a safe speed and slow down against the wind and waves.
Remember, when sailing in a big storm, don't turn around easily to avoid crossing the waves. 9. What should I do if the fishing boat catches fire? Don't panic at this time, first slow down and adjust the direction, so that the fire is at a disadvantage; The commander quickly evacuated the scene and closed all the passages leading to the fire; Remove combustible materials near the fire, and use water to cool the bulkhead and deck around the fire; According to different fire sources, choose the types of fire extinguishing equipment; After the fire is put out, the site should be carefully cleaned, and the residual fire should be completely extinguished to prevent re-ignition; If the clothes on the crew are on fire, they should take off the burning clothes quickly, or roll around to put out the fire, or jump into the nearby water source to put out the fire.
6. Solve the basic knowledge of hull
I remember a general, incorrect and specific person downstairs. Correct me. 1, the opening should be watertight, weathertight and unprotected. When calculating the large dip angle, consider the non-watertight and dynamic stability curves in the textbook? Personally, I feel that this study is about the dynamic stability of ships, and wind and rain will not enter the water, so the angle of stability disappearance is at the unprotected opening.
2. It seems that the big dip angle and the small dip angle are separated, because the calculation principle in the book is different. Normal calculation generally has complete temperature and reservoir stability.
As for the standards, the requirements of each ship and classification society are similar. 3. How big can this be? Captain, calculate 200 meters, 15 degrees. How big is the trim? 4, so the free liquid level is corrected.
It's like that section in the book. Generally speaking, if calculated by icll, the floating state that meets the requirements after injury is enough.
The stability of the ship is much better if we still consider it.
7. Knowledge of ships and navigation. I just engaged in marine logistics, and I need to consult urgently: 1. The ship docked.
Under what circumstances do ships use heavy oil and light oil? Use light oil when starting and starting the engine, and under special working conditions with bad navigation conditions of the main engine, and use heavy oil 2 when the navigation is stable and the main engine works normally (70%-85% power). If the latitude deviates by one degree or one minute, how many nautical miles or kilometers does it actually deviate? It is necessary to count 3.
What do "ELY" and "NLY" mean in wind direction representation? I don't know your English sample. E is the abbreviation of east and N is the abbreviation of north. Speed conversion? Isn't speed expressed in knots? So how much is it converted into miles per hour? It is on Baidu. I helped you Baidu! Remember to ask Baidu 1 nautical mile = 1 in the future.
852km = 1852m 1 section = 1 section = 1 section = 1 section. 852 kilometers per hour 5.
When will the cylinder oil be consumed? High-viscosity lubricating oil mainly used to lubricate the cylinder of steam engine. To play a role in lubrication during sailing, you should add butter to your bike. What is the role of freshwater stocks? Have a great influence. The crew ate, washed and bathed on the ship. These are all low consumption of fresh water, and some mainframes rely on fresh water for cooling, which consumes a lot.