In the existing poems, Lu's industrial poems can be clearly divided into two periods: the early poets were ambitious, brilliant, with relatively high style and unrestrained feelings; In the later period, the poet was tortured by the "wind disease", and his poetry realm was lonely, and his style tended to be sad.
First, the early stage
(A) Style characteristics
Judging from the content of Lu's early poems, the emotional tone of his poems on various themes is warm and generous.
1. Frontier poems. In his early years, when he was in Deng's office, Lu went to the northwest and personally visited the Great Wall. He heard it and felt something in his heart. He used the old saying of Yuefu to write down some frontier fortress works with great vitality, which were sincere and sincere, and could well reflect his great ambition of making achievements at that time. The emotional tone of his poems is warm and generous. Among them, the most representative ones are, Zi and Zhan Chengnan. These frontier poems almost became Lu's early masterpieces. Poets, whether writing about desperate ancient heroes, sons galloping on the battlefield, or portraying the image of generals fighting fiercely in the south of the city, said that staying in the daytime and fighting for one side, without exception, endowed the terracotta warriors and horses and generals with heroic and fearless spirit of bloodshed and sacrifice, and their feelings were passionate and generous.
2. Send a farewell poem. Besides frontier poems, early farewell poems are also unique. There is still generosity in the sadness of parting, which shows the extraordinary mind of young poets. In the poem, there is a poem "The Western Envoy Farewell Meng Xueshi's Southern Tour", which was written by the poet Li Zhen, who stayed in Meng, when he was in charge of Deng's trip to the south with Deng Wang. In the poem, pedestrians wander around like flying grass, expressing their worries about the journey with friends. At the same time, comparing RoyceWong with himself, Kong Rong with Bachelor Meng, I wrote the sad feelings of seeing friends off in Zero Rain. The sadness of "zero rain mourns RoyceWong" and the sadness of "hope" show that the poet sometimes has unsatisfactory sadness on the road of life, but this sadness is not the mainstream of his previous works. Soon, in the heroic words of "Only Yu Jianfeng is here, but he is angry with Chen Hong", all his sadness and disappointment disappeared, leaving only fengjian's. It can be seen that Lu, a teenager, is still full of high morale and enterprising spirit even when he leaves his friends and wanders alone. Of course, in Lu's farewell poems, such as "looking forward to happiness, repeating words, making friends outside the sword" and "waiting for Wu Wei as a servant", we can sweep away the sadness and lingering in the farewell poems and express his hesitation and ambition to make a difference.
3. Write landscape poems. Before he got sick, he also wrote some landscape poems. Fifteen nights watching lanterns is one of them, and the wonderful lantern scene described in the poem is pleasing to the eye. It shows that the poet's smooth life journey at this time makes his poems reflect more colorful scenes and fresh and happy mood.
Among Lu's existing works, simple landscape poems like Watching Lights at Fifteen Nights are rare. However, because the poet traveled back and forth to Central Sichuan and Chang 'an many times when he was young, the beautiful landscape of Bashu became the object of his gorgeous poems: "The ice layer is 10% folded, and seven rocks are stacked" ("early watershed"), "The stream floats in plain foam, and the rock scene flashes". Before he got sick, Lu tried to paint these beautiful scenery in order to entrust his talent. Most of his poems show the poet's enthusiasm for joining the WTO and being an official. Therefore, whether it is Lu's frontier poems, farewell poems or landscape poems, his early poems have diverse themes, which embodies the poet's vigorous spirit. During this period, the emotional tone of Lu's poems on various themes was impassioned and generous, showing a high-pitched and unrestrained style.
(2) Style and language characteristics
Judging from the style and language of early poetry, it also reflects his high-pitched and unrestrained poetic style. Early poems mostly appeared in the form of five-character poems. There are 98 existing poems in Lu Ji, among which the five-character poems are the most, and 29 poems of * * * are 3 1, about two-thirds of which were written in the early stage.
Read Lu's early poems carefully, including many fresh and magnificent languages. For example, the villa rate in the Spring Festival Evening (1) is "Don't choose trees when singing, don't be surprised when playing with fish", "It's sunny today, and you can overlook the grange" and "The grass is fascinated by three paths and the scenery moves around". May this always be the case, and the phenology will be new year after year. Another example is Liu Sheng's poem "Jade Feather with Sheath, Golden Carved Horse with Fringe", Zhannan's poem "Carving Bows at Night, Riding on Iron Riding into the Sky" and "Watching Lights at Fifteen Nights". This fresh and magnificent language style is also the concrete embodiment of the poet's high-pitched and unrestrained poetic style in the early stage. [ 12]
Second, the later period
After getting sick, Lu was tortured by "wind disease" and fell into a desperate situation, which was in great contrast with the situation that Top Gun was brilliant and reused for a while in the previous period. His poetic creation has changed from a positive and high-spirited style in the early stage to a quiet poetic scene, and his style tends to be sad and sad. This style is reflected in the following aspects:
First of all, most of the later poems are "venting anger" after illness, with a sad style.
The poems in the later period of Lu were mostly influenced by illness, expressing infinite worries and indignation after illness, and their style was sad. Grief and illness robbed him of his official career, such as the poem "Wild Goose". The poet compares himself to a lonely goose that has lost its flock. The poet lying in an empty mountain is like a goose in a cage in his poems. He is full of yearning and envy for the geese who become county officials. It can be seen that although Lu was ill in the rocks in his later years, he was still deeply concerned about Chaoyang Pool and Phoenix Pool, and it was difficult to give up. Unfortunately, the relentless illness took away the career life that the poet pursued all his life, leaving him in a cage and in a difficult situation, which was heartbreaking to read. Another poem, The Lonely Goose in Jiming Mansion, has a similar meaning to Wild Goose. The poet also compared himself to a lonely goose, expressing the resentment of losing his official career and fame, and the resentment of unsatisfied talent. By singing with friends, the poet once again portrayed himself as a lonely goose, lamenting that Wan Li was not far from the north and south, but was weathered by bows and arrows, and became a wild goose that was "out of line" and "out of line". But the lonely goose still hopes to brush off her feathers and fly to Shanglin's hometown, which shows that the poet's yearning for official career is at least not desperate.
Sorrow and illness in the poet's later poems robbed him of his love and relatives. The image of "Lonely Goose" appeared many times in Lu's later poems, which is a symbol of the poet's loss of love and loneliness after illness in his later years. For example, the poet's famous seven-character ancient poem "It's hard to go to the sky", not to mention how philosophical the discussion in the second half of this poem is. Just looking at the first half, we have deeply felt the helplessness of the poet in driving away his former literati friends. The poet saw through the human feelings and was abandoned by the society in the barren hills.
The grief and indignation in the poet's later poems deprived him of his living conditions. Ruthless illness took away his political ideals and literary friends, and also brutally took away the poet's health, and finally drove him to a dead end. His poem Woshan is a vivid portrayal of life at that time. When the poet lies in an empty mountain, isolated from the world, he spends his time in the mountain like a walking corpse. It can be seen from his own hardships that he has been tortured by illness to the point where "people are not like people and ghosts are not like ghosts". When the health on which to live is completely deprived, the sick poet hopes to get rid of physical and mental pain as soon as possible and fantasize that he can learn to become immortal.
In a word, Lu's later poems recorded that the poet was tortured by illness, which made him lose his career ideal, literary friends and living conditions, which made his works in this period have obvious sad colors.
Secondly, most of the later poems are ancient, five-character poems and Sao poems.
Different from the five laws used in his early writing, Lu chose classical Chinese, five-character poems or Sao poems after his illness. The change of this style has certain regularity, which is due to the short length of the previous five laws and the restriction of metrical rules, which limits the poet to express his worries and anger directly; However, ancient poems and five-character poems are long, while Sao poems and Fu poems are good at expressing feelings. These forms are convenient for poets to express their overwhelming anxiety and indignation after illness.
In addition, hazy, sad and sentimental images are often used in the poems in the later period of Lu Dynasty, such as lonely geese, dead trees, hating Taiwan and spotted temples. , formed a distinctive image group, and the poet's early poems in bright white clouds, bright moon, summer lotus, Qiu Shu in sharp contrast. In the later poetic language, words such as "loneliness", "independence", "sadness" and "sadness" are often used to construct a unique semantic field, which is quite different from the fresh and magnificent language in the previous period.
Throughout Lu's later poems, whether it is the sad style of his poems, the ancient sad form that is longer than lyric, or the hazy, sad and pathetic images and language in his poems, all clearly reflect the sad and miserable style characteristics of Lu's later poems.