What are the important indicators of good health? Protect yourself while exercising. I believe many people have used this sport to exercise in primary and secondary schools. Exercise contributes to good health. Understand what is an important indicator of good health!
What are the important indicators of good health? 1 who's definition of health:
Health is not only the absence of disease, but also physical health, mental health, good social adaptation and moral health.
1946 international conference on mental health;
The sign of mental health is:
1: physical, intellectual and emotional harmony;
2. Adapt to the environment and be humble to each other in interpersonal relationships;
3. Have a sense of happiness;
In my professional work, I can give full play to my ability and have an efficient life.
195 1 year: Maslow and Miethman put forward ten standards of mental health;
1: Have a full sense of self-security;
2. Be able to fully understand yourself and correctly evaluate your abilities;
3. Life understanding is practical;
4. Not divorced from the real environment around;
5. Can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality;
6. Be good at learning from experience;
7. Can maintain good interpersonal relationships;
8. Be able to vent and control emotions moderately;
9. On the premise of meeting the requirements of the group, you can play your own personality in a limited way;
10: Under the premise of not violating social norms, the basic needs of individuals can be properly met.
The World Health Organization has put forward new human health standards. This standard includes physical and mental health, which can be measured by "five quickness" (physical health) and "three goodness" (mental health).
"Five Fast" means:
First, eat fast: have a good appetite when eating, don't be picky about food, and finish a meal quickly.
Second, fast defecation: once defecation, you can quickly excrete urine and feel good.
Third, sleep fast: sleepy, can sleep quickly after going to bed, and sleep well, wake up with a clear head and full of energy.
Fourth, speak fast: quick thinking and articulate.
Fifth, go quickly: walk freely and lightly.
"Three good" means:
First, good personality. Emotional stability, gentle personality; Strong-willed and emotional; Open-minded and optimistic
Second, good interpersonal skills. Observing problems objectively and realistically has good self-control ability and can adapt to complex social environment.
Third, good interpersonal relationships. Help others, be kind to others, and be passionate about interpersonal relationships.
The World Health Organization has formulated ten standards to measure a person's health:
1, energetic, able to take on daily life and heavy work calmly, without feeling too nervous and tired.
2, optimistic, positive attitude, willing to take responsibility, no matter big or small, not picky.
3. Be good at rest and have a good sleep.
4, strong adaptability, can adapt to various changes in the external environment.
5, can resist the common cold and infectious diseases.
6, appropriate weight, body symmetry, when standing, head, shoulders, arms position coordination.
7, bright eyes, quick response, eyelids are not easy to be inflamed.
8, clean teeth, no dental caries, no pain; The gum color is normal and there is no bleeding.
9, the hair is shiny, no dandruff.
10, muscular and elastic skin.
What are the important indicators of good health? 2. Physical health standards.
The first is good cardiopulmonary function.
The heart and lungs are the main internal organs. A healthy heart, with well-developed myocardium and large heart capacity, can discharge 80- 100 ml of blood per beat, which is 20-30 ml more than the average person. Because the human body needs a certain amount of blood in a certain period of time, when the blood output of a heartbeat increases, the number of heartbeats will decrease. Generally speaking, the slow heartbeat is a good phenomenon, which can make the heart rest for a long time after beating, and it is not easy to get tired. You can reserve your physical strength for physical labor, and even if you are responsible for heavy physical labor, you will not feel uncomfortable such as palpitation and dizziness due to tachycardia. Healthy lungs have larger vital capacity than the general population, better lung gas exchange, developed chest, strong respiratory muscles and slow and deep breathing. Breathing 10 times per minute can meet the body's demand for oxygen. This efficient and labor-saving breathing method can prevent respiratory organs from overworking and respiratory diseases. When the heart function, liver, gastrointestinal and other internal organs have strong blood circulation and sufficient nutrition supply, they are also in a healthy state.
The second is good growth and development.
A healthy person's body is well developed, which is characterized by tall, well-proportioned, muscular and strong limbs. Two people of the same age, if this person's height, weight, chest circumference, poor breathing, vital capacity, grip strength and jumping ability are higher than that person, it means that this person is healthier than that person. Of course, physical development is also related to region, heredity, race and nutrition. , and can't judge from this aspect alone.
The third is good physical fitness.
People's labor, sports and various movements in daily life are all different forms of muscle movements dominated by the nervous system. The differences in strength, speed, endurance, agility and flexibility of muscles can reflect the functions of human nervous system and internal organs. So it is also an important sign of health. Healthy people have big muscles and great strength, which can account for 40-50% of their body weight.
The fourth is that the nervous system functions well.
The brain is the master of the body and directs all activities of the body. Whether it is work, study, thinking, judgment or all aspects of daily life, it is dominated by the brain. Eating well at ordinary times, sleeping soundly, no headache and insomnia, and high work efficiency are undoubtedly a healthy performance.
Fifth, it has strong adaptability and disease resistance to the external environment.
The outside world is constantly changing. The human body must adapt to various changes in the external environment. When the outside temperature rises, the body radiates heat through the expansion of skin capillaries; When the outside temperature drops, the body generates heat through muscles, and skin blood vessels contract, reducing heat dissipation to maintain body temperature balance. Healthy people are not prone to heatstroke in hot weather and catch a cold in cold weather. The human body's resistance to infectious diseases is the same. Healthy people have many antibodies in their blood, so they are not easy to get infectious diseases in the same environment.
Scientific research has proved that although a person's health is related to congenital inheritance, it is acquired exercise that plays a decisive role. Some people are in good health when they are young, because if they don't take part in exercise, their bodies will slowly collapse; Some people are weak, but they will gradually get healthy through exercise. This reminds us that no matter how healthy we are now, as long as we take part in exercise, we will be healthier.
Bad habits make you sub-healthy.
1, lack of sleep time
More than 60% people often can't sleep for 8 hours every day, and another 7% people suffer from insomnia more often.
2. Lack of physical exercise
The survey shows that only 10% people have regular exercise time every week, while nearly 70% people hardly exercise. This can easily lead to fatigue, dizziness and other phenomena, leading to obesity and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which is a problem that cannot be ignored by people in the workplace.
Step 3 skip breakfast
With the accelerated pace of work, eating a nutritious breakfast has become a luxury. Only a few people eat breakfast regularly according to nutritional requirements. I believe that the disadvantages of not eating breakfast go without saying.
4. Face the computer for a long time
30% people in the workplace often use computers for more than 8 hours every day. Excessive use and dependence on computers, in addition to radiation, will also make eyes, waist and cervical vertebrae, mental problems.
5, three meals are irregular.
More than 30% people can't eat three meals on time because of their busy work. Only by ensuring regular and quantitative meals can we avoid gastrointestinal problems.
6. Being in an air-conditioned environment for a long time
At work, more than 70% people are in air-conditioned rooms all year round. The body regulation and disease resistance of "greenhouse people" naturally decline.
7, often sitting unwilling to walk
Many people who work in offices are used to not getting up easily once they sit down, unless they go to the toilet. Sedentary is not conducive to blood circulation, which will lead to many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Long-term fixed sitting posture is also an important factor in the pathogenesis of cervical and lumbar vertebrae.
8. Don't seek medical advice if you are sick.
According to the survey, nearly half of people choose to take their own medicine when they are sick, and one third of them ignore any minor problems at all. Many people delay seeking medical treatment for workplace diseases and miss the best treatment opportunity, so that minor illnesses can accumulate into serious illnesses at any time.
Food that can keep you healthy.
1, blueberry-super antioxidant
Foods with similar effects: raisins, strawberries, cherries, cranberries and blackberries. Whether fresh, frozen or dried, these super foods are full of nutrition.
Although blueberry is small, it is rich in nutrients and contains more antioxidants than other fruits and vegetables. Blueberries play an important role in this disease. And rich pectin and fiber can promote digestion.
2, oats-lower cholesterol and high blood sugar
Foods with similar effects: brown rice, millet, barley, rye, etc.
Oats are low in calories and rich in fiber and protein, as well as magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, vitamin B 1, e and pantothenic acid.
Oats also contain plant nutrients, such as polyphenols, which help to reduce the occurrence of heart disease. At the same time, studies have shown that eating a bowl of oatmeal every day can reduce cholesterol by 8 ~ 23%.
3, oranges-rich in vitamins
Foods with similar effects: citrus fruits such as lemon and grapefruit.
Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C and other important nutrients, such as flavonoids, pectin, folic acid and limonene, which help to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. It should be noted that the concentration of vitamin C in orange pulp is 10 times that of juice, so eating oranges directly is more beneficial to health than drinking juice.
4, pumpkin-rich in carotenoids
Foods with similar effects: carrots, sweet potatoes, etc.
Pumpkin is extremely high in fiber content, extremely low in calories, and rich in disease-resistant nutrients, including potassium, pantothenic acid, magnesium, vitamins C and E. Of course, the most important nutrition of pumpkin is carotenoids (including α and β carotene), and β carotene in many foods can play a role that β carotene supplements do not have.
5. Soybean-the best plant protein.
Foods with similar effects: all kinds of bean products, such as tofu and soybean milk.
Soybean is rich in vitamin E, minerals and plant protein, and contains a lot of soluble fiber. Most importantly, soybeans provide many phytonutrients that can fight diseases, such as phytoestrogens.
6. Tomato-lycopene has many benefits.
Foods with similar effects: watermelon, papaya, etc.
Lycopene in tomatoes is an excellent antioxidant, and rich in potassium, vitamin B6 and folic acid can maintain cardiovascular health. Vitamin C lycopene combined with other nutrients can increase the sunscreen ability of the skin. In other words, it is like a sunscreen lotion in the body.
7. Chicken breast is rich in lean protein.
A similar food: turkey.
Chicken breast with skin is one of the thinnest meats in protein, and its calorie and saturated fat content is lower than that of ordinary lean meat. At the same time, chicken breast can provide protein, selenium, vitamins B6 and B 12, and zinc, which can not only strengthen the body, but also maintain the health of the immune system.
What are the important indicators of good health? 3 What are health indicators?
Health indicators refer to the indicators that reflect the improvement of the health status of the intervention objects through the implementation of the plan. Because it often takes a long time to change the health status of the intervention object, the health indicators usually reflect the long-term effect. Including the reduction of morbidity, the improvement of health level and quality of life, and the improvement of average life expectancy.
Classification of health indicators
1, classified according to health measurement objects.
Divided into direct indicators and indirect indicators. Direct indicators refer to health indicators that can directly measure the health status of individuals or groups. Commonly used direct indicators include growth and development indicators, nutritional status indicators, symptoms and functions indicators, disease indicators, disability indicators, death indicators, psychological indicators and behavioral indicators.
Indirect indicators refer to health indicators that indirectly reflect the health status through the measurement of people's living environment and demographic characteristics. Because people's health level is closely related to their demographic characteristics and living environment, indirect indicators can reflect people's health status to some extent. Commonly used indirect health indicators mainly include indicators reflecting demographic characteristics (such as gender composition, age composition, occupation composition, cultural composition, etc.). ) and indicators reflecting the environment (such as gross national product, per capita gross national product, literacy rate, per capita income, per capita housing area, safe drinking water penetration rate, number of doctors per thousand population, number of beds per thousand population, etc. ).
2, according to the content of health measurement classification.
It can be divided into physiological indicators, psychological indicators and sociological indicators. People's health has physiological, psychological and social characteristics, so there is no doubt that health measurement indicators reflecting health status should also include physiological indicators, psychological indicators and sociological indicators. This division of health measurement indicators corresponds to the concept of multidimensional health proposed by the World Health Organization.
3, according to the health measurement classification.
It can be divided into objective indicators and subjective indicators. Objective indicators are physiological and biochemical indicators obtained through physical examination and laboratory examination, as well as other objective indicators, which are what we usually call "hard indicators". This index can objectively reflect the actual measurable health phenomena or things, but it is difficult to reflect people's subjective feelings and psychological activities.
Subjective indicators refer to indicators that reflect people's subjective feelings and psychological activities in health through self-report, which can make up for the deficiency of objective indicators in health measurement. In a sense, subjective health indicators can better reflect people's sociality.
4, according to the nature of the health measurement index itself.
It can be divided into indicators and indexes. Index refers to a concrete measure of health phenomenon, which can reflect health status from one aspect or another. When evaluating health status, multiple indicators are often combined to evaluate. Index refers to a comprehensive index or scale score composed of multiple indicators through a certain method or rule, which can reflect the health phenomenon more comprehensively. Subjective feelings, opinions, tendencies and psychological activities can usually only be measured in exponential form.
5. Other classifications
There are many other classifications of health indicators, such as structural indicators and functional indicators, individual indicators and group indicators.
The purpose of health indicators classification is not to classify an indicator into a certain category, but to understand the functions of various health indicators and the connections and differences between health indicators more clearly, so as to select and use health indicators more reasonably and effectively. In practical work, many classifications are often combined according to needs and possibilities, and summarized and applied in different combinations.
Characteristics of health indicators
1, the feasibility of health indicators
Feasibility refers to whether the relevant data for calculating the index can be obtained and whether there is a suitable method to calculate and analyze the index. Among many health indicators, some can better reflect the health status of the population, but it is difficult or not always to obtain the necessary information for calculating these indicators. For example, disease indicators are more sensitive to reflect health status than death indicators, but disease data are difficult to obtain, especially continuous disease data. In contrast, although death indicators are not ideal indicators to reflect health status, they are neither comprehensive nor sensitive, but one of the main reasons why they are still used today is that death data are easy to obtain.
Therefore, instead of using "ideal" indicators that are difficult to obtain information, it is better to choose health indicators with low ideal but easy to obtain information. It can be seen that feasibility is the decisive factor in selecting indicators to evaluate health status. The selection of health indicators should be based on local conditions (manpower, material resources, financial resources, organizational management level, etc.). ) and the purpose of choosing health indicators. If there are no indicators, even the ideal indicators are meaningless.
2. Validity, reliability, sensitivity and specificity of health indicators.
When choosing health indicators, we should also consider whether the indicators are effective, reliable, sensitive and specific. An ideal health indicator should have the following characteristics:
(1) Effective means that health indicators can measure what they should measure and reflect the health problems they should reflect, that is, one or several aspects of residents' health status can be clearly and correctly displayed, which is convenient for people to understand, grasp and discover the main health problems.
(2) Reliability refers to repeated measurement of the same object or phenomenon under the same conditions, and the results obtained should be consistent, that is, objective repeatability. If the reliability of a health index is low, then it is bound to fail to correctly explain the problem it wants to explain, that is, it is invalid.
(3) Sensitivity means that health indicators are very sensitive to changes in related phenomena or things, that is, if related phenomena or things change, the values of health indicators will also change accordingly, and insensitive health indicators are not easy to reflect the laws and characteristics of changes in health phenomena.
(4) Specificity means that health indicators only reflect the changes of related things or phenomena, but do not reflect the changes of related things or phenomena, while health indicators have not changed; Or related things or phenomena have not changed, but health indicators have changed.
For example, the mortality rate effectively reflects the worst health condition, but it cannot effectively reflect the positive health condition or the overall health condition. Compared with the disease index, the sign of death is clearer, so the death index is more reliable than the disease index. For another example, babies are very sensitive to the changes of various factors in the external environment, and the adverse effects of various environmental factors on the human body are first reflected in babies. Therefore, infant mortality rate is a sensitive indicator reflecting environmental factors, especially the changes of social and economic development level. However, infant mortality is not limited to any specific health activities (such as immunization). Because the decline of infant mortality rate can be attributed to the comprehensive effect of various factors related to social and economic development, but it is rarely attributed to a specific health activity. On the contrary, the incidence of infectious diseases is more specific.
3. Comparability of health indicators
Health indicators should be easy to compare, that is, comparable. Going out to work is a relatively healthy judgment, and there is no absolute health. Therefore, the level of health can only be judged by comparison (horizontal and vertical comparison) (relative good or bad, or high or low), which requires comparability of health indicators used for comparison, otherwise it will be difficult to compare the health status of the same population at different times or at the same time among different people.
To make health indicators comparable, first of all, it is best to choose health indicators that have been recognized by various countries, such as infant mortality, total mortality, life expectancy, literacy rate and so on. , so that it is possible to compare; The second is to "standardize" health indicators, that is, to have a unified definition, a unified data collection method and a unified indicator calculation method for the health indicators to be compared.
4. Develop health indicators
Health indicators should also be developmental. With the continuous progress and development of society, social economic status and social health status are also improving, so the indicators reflecting health status should not be fixed. People with different characteristics, different living environments and experiences will have different health conditions. Therefore, the indicators suitable for evaluating the health status of this population may not be suitable for other populations; Health indicators that used to be applicable may not be applicable now. According to the characteristics of the population, we should choose the health indicators that are suitable for the possible health level of the population at this stage. During the first health revolution, the death index was a good indicator to explain the health status of the population. However, with the rapid decline of mortality and the changes of death spectrum and disease spectrum, death indicators are no longer suitable to reflect the needs of modern health problems, and other health indicators (such as disease indicators, disability indicators, psychological indicators, social health indicators, etc. ) should be combined to evaluate the health status of the population. Therefore, we should choose suitable health indicators according to the development of society, and at the same time, we should constantly improve the old indicators, find new indicators, and establish a health indicator system suitable for the development of the Family Planning Commission.