1. Harmful factors in the production process: chemical factors include productive dust and toxic substances, and physical factors include abnormal meteorological conditions (high temperature, high humidity and low temperature), abnormal air pressure (high pressure and low vibration) and non-ionizing radiation (visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared ray, etc.). ), ionizing radiation (X-ray, γ-ray) and biological factors include Bacillus anthracis and forest encephalitis.
2. Harmful factors in the labor process: unreasonable labor organization and system, unreasonable work and rest system, mental (psychological) occupational stress, excessive labor intensity or improper production quotas, excessive pressure on individual organs or systems (eye fatigue, etc. ), long-term bad posture or unreasonable tools, etc.
3. Harmful factors in production environment: factors in natural environment (solar radiation in hot season), unreasonable workshop or layout (toxic and non-toxic process sections are arranged in one workshop), hazards caused by unreasonable production technology, and poor ventilation and lighting.
Tertiary prevention of occupational diseases
The first level of prevention is engineering control. It is mainly applicable to the control of occupational hazards in new construction, expansion, reconstruction projects, technical transformation and technology introduction projects, including the control of occupational hazards and three wastes in existing employers and the control of various harmful factors, so that the concentration or intensity of occupational hazards in workplaces meets the national occupational health standards.
Secondary prevention is the prevention and control of occupational hazards in the production process. Occupational health monitoring shall be carried out in workplaces where occupational hazards exist, and occupational hazards shall be found, identified and diagnosed early, and occupational hazards detection shall be carried out to evaluate the degree of occupational hazards in workplaces, so as to control occupational hazards and make occupational hazards in workplaces meet the national occupational health standards.
Tertiary prevention is the protection of patients with occupational diseases. Diagnose suspected occupational disease patients, ensure occupational disease patients enjoy occupational disease treatment, arrange occupational disease patients for treatment, rehabilitation and regular examination, transfer occupational disease patients who are not suitable to continue their original jobs, and make proper arrangements.