Chronic disease knowledge questionnaire 1. Who knows about chronic diseases?
Chronic disease refers to a disease that lasts for a long time. The onset period is as short as several months, as long as several years, or even life-long incurable. There are many reasons for chronic diseases, but genetic inheritance is the main reason, and the possibility of getting sick is higher than others.
Chronic diseases are different from acute diseases. Acute diseases suddenly appear, lasting for a short time, often accompanied by infection, which makes great changes in the human body. However, chronic diseases develop slowly or occasionally, and there is a long remission period between two episodes. Most of them are degenerative diseases that damage the structure or function of human tissues.
Chronic diseases may not be cured for a long time, so we must learn to control the symptoms so as to live a healthy life as much as possible. Generally speaking, patients can stay healthy most of the time as long as they adopt a healthy lifestyle, pay attention to diet and nutrition, do more exercise, have enough rest and be less nervous. At the same time, the attitude towards diseases determines whether patients can face chronic diseases calmly. Optimistic people will actively face diseases and help to maintain physical and mental health.
2. Who knows about chronic diseases?
Chronic disease refers to a disease that lasts for a long time. The onset period is as short as several months, as long as several years, or even life-long incurable.
There are many reasons for chronic diseases, but genetic inheritance is the main reason, and the possibility of getting sick is higher than others. Chronic diseases are different from acute diseases. Acute diseases suddenly appear, lasting for a short time, often accompanied by infection, which makes great changes in the human body.
However, chronic diseases develop slowly or occasionally, and there is a long remission period between two episodes. Most of them are degenerative diseases that damage the structure or function of human tissues. Chronic diseases may not be cured for a long time, so we must learn to control the symptoms so as to live a healthy life as much as possible. Generally speaking, patients can stay healthy most of the time as long as they adopt a healthy lifestyle, pay attention to diet and nutrition, do more exercise, have enough rest and be less nervous.
At the same time, the attitude towards diseases determines whether patients can face chronic diseases calmly. Optimistic people will actively face diseases and help to maintain physical and mental health.
3. Knowledge of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases
Chronic diseases are not impossible to prevent. Although compared with other diseases, the pathological manifestations of chronic diseases usually take a long time, it is not impossible to prevent them if Zhu Can finds them in time and handles them properly.
However, due to insufficient understanding of chronic diseases or other reasons, people always have misunderstandings about the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, thus delaying treatment. 1 Chronic diseases cannot be prevented, and the prevalence rate of people who will get chronic diseases sooner or later is increasing at an alarming rate, which can cause various complications. Now it has become the main factor endangering people's health and life, but chronic diseases can also be prevented and treated.
Pre-objective medical research has identified some risk factors that may cause chronic diseases, such as heredity, lifestyle, environment, past medical history and occupation. Controlling these risk factors is of positive significance for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Children will not get chronic diseases. Chronic diseases can occur at any age, and children and adolescents may also suffer from chronic diseases. A survey of chronic diseases among adolescents released earlier by Beijing Municipal Health Bureau shows that the incidence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among children and adolescents in Beijing is on the rise, and the key to these diseases is childhood obesity.
Therefore, it is slow to prevent childhood obesity and avoid the risk factors of chronic diseases. Chronic disease is a kind of "rich disease". People used to think that chronic diseases were a kind of "rich people's diseases", but in fact, according to the survey results, "poor people" are more vulnerable to chronic diseases than "rich people".
The prevention of chronic diseases is a personal matter, and lifestyle is an important factor causing chronic diseases, so it is really everyone's business to improve unhealthy lifestyles. The living environment and other objective factors can only be solved by personal strength, which requires the joint efforts of * * * and the people.
Death caused by chronic diseases is inevitable. Death is inevitable for everyone, but it should not be painful or premature. Moreover, many chronic diseases will not directly lead to death, but will reduce the quality of life and make patients weaker and weaker.
4. How to manage chronic diseases?
In my opinion, if we want to make the management of chronic diseases distinctive and charming, we can't blindly catch up with quantity, let alone ignore quality for fear of affecting performance. Instead, we should establish every chronic disease file step by step and manage every patient well. In the years of chronic disease management, I summed up several tips to improve management efficiency. As follows:
1. Issue "physical examination tickets" to improve the patient's timely review rate. It is the key to improve the quality of chronic disease management to review on time and grasp the changes of illness in time. We issue an "electrocardiogram ticket" or "blood sugar ticket" to every patient who re-examines on time, and residents can go to the community health service station to do electrocardiogram or check blood sugar free of charge with the ticket.
The physical examination ticket is valid all year round, and you can check it when you come. You can give it to your family if you don't need it. This move has reversed people's view that "reexamination" is a simple consultation, improved the appeal to patients with hypertension and diabetes, and improved the reexamination rate.
2. Show yourself and improve the regular medication rate. What medicine to prescribe is the right of medical students, but whether to eat or not is entirely in the hands of patients. Sometimes what the patient says is more convincing than what the doctor says.
3. Establish a "patient club" to make patients more compliant with doctor's advice. With the increase of patients, in order to better organize patients, we set up a "community patient club", which regularly organizes activities in the form of expert lectures, playing CDs and communicating with patients every month.
Through activities, not only the patients' health knowledge is increased, but also the doctor-patient relationship is strengthened, so that doctors can know patients better and patients can trust doctors more. In the past, the simple doctor-patient relationship has become a friend relationship. The establishment of community patient club has greatly strengthened the relationship between doctors and patients, made patients obey the doctor's advice more, and effectively improved the treatment effect.
4. Encourage patients to participate and improve the effective control rate. Chronic diseases are mostly lifelong diseases. In the long management process, patients' understanding and cooperation is a necessary condition to improve management quality. By teaching patients to take their blood pressure and use a salt spoon, patients are brought in to discuss the treatment plan and rehabilitation plan together, so that patients can directly participate in the management, treatment and curative effect evaluation of diseases.
Control diet, strengthen exercise, quit smoking and eat less salt, and blood pressure will drop, so that patients can truly feel that science is around them, and they are no longer powerless in the face of diseases and full of confidence in overcoming diseases. At the same time, it also makes patients deeply understand the hardships and fun of chronic disease management, thus making the whole management process full of vitality and fun.
Chronic disease management system is a chronic disease management network system developed and designed for general hospitals and specialized hospitals. Introduce the concept of disease management in an all-round way, aiming at the diagnosis, treatment and scientific research of common chronic diseases, help departments to quickly realize the systematic management of chronic disease medical records, assist doctors and nurses in their daily diagnosis, treatment and nursing work, and create conditions for hospitals to provide patients with diversified diagnosis and treatment services.
5. How to conduct self-testing and prevention of chronic diseases in daily life?
For example, after getting up in the morning, an old compatriot volunteer feels numb in his lower limbs, his vision is blurred and he usually has high blood pressure. In this case, you should go directly to the hospital to see the neurology department, and first rule out whether it is a stroke.
People with a family history of three highs should pay special attention to whether they have these symptoms in their daily life: sudden numbness or weakness on one side; Difficulties in speaking or understanding; Monocular or even binocular vision blurred or diplopia; Difficulty walking or losing balance; Dizziness, severe headache, etc. Observe in the details, do a good job of self-inspection and prevention.
In addition, we should improve our health literacy and master some basic skills of first aid. When many people suddenly have heart problems, they feel uncomfortable and cover their chests and nests.
In fact, the more nests there are, the worse the situation will be. The correct way should be to lie flat on the floor. In addition, don't go to a big hospital for minor illnesses. Be sure to choose the right hospital and department according to your own situation.
Consult before seeing a doctor to avoid unnecessary waste.
6. What about the activities of the chronic disease management team?
Activities of self-management group for chronic diseases
In order to seriously strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and non-communicable diseases, improve the self-management team members' understanding of chronic diseases, and ensure people's health, this activity plan is specially formulated according to the spirit of the superior documents. Details are as follows:
I. Theme of the event: II. Objective: To make the self-management team members better master the knowledge of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
3. Activity time: 00 a.m. of that year; 4. Location: Village Community Health Service Station;
Verb (abbreviation of verb) activity form: lecture, consultation, health knowledge and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases; An intransitive verb participant: a member of a self-management team
Health service station
date month year
Activity content:
Date: Subject: Content:
Signature of chronic disease self-management team
Activity content: signature:
Summary of activities of chronic disease self-management group
In order to seriously strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and non-communicable diseases, improve the self-management team members' understanding of chronic diseases and non-communicable diseases, and ensure the health of the people, according to the spirit of the superior documents, the activities are summarized as follows:
The activity training was conducted in the village community health service station on February/February 15, 2005. The theme is: propagandize and convey the management of chronic diseases, starting from ourselves.
Through this training, all members of the self-management team and the masses have benefited a lot, and the self-management ability of all management members has been improved.
Health service station
date month year
7. What diseases do chronic diseases include?
1. Abnormal hormone secretion group (1) Functional pituitary tumor cells in high hormone secretion group can secrete too many hormones, causing corresponding clinical manifestations.
For example, too much growth hormone causes acromegaly, too much ACTH causes Cushing's disease with melanosis, and too much prolactin causes galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome and impotence. (2) In hypogonadism group, when nonfunctional tumor is enlarged and normal pituitary tissue is destroyed, gonadotropin secretion is often decreased (except for the decrease of dopamine due to the pressure of pituitary portal system, which leads to the increase of prolactin), especially the decrease of gonadotropin secretion, which leads to amenorrhea, infertility or impotence, followed by secondary hypothyroidism caused by insufficient thyrotropin secretion, and secondary hypothyroidism caused by insufficient adrenocorticotropin secretion is rare in clinic.
Sometimes tumors can invade the pituitary stalk and the pituitary portal vein system, inhibit the blood supply of the portal vein, weaken the role of dopamine, a prolactin inhibitor (PIF), and increase prolactin. Women often complain about amenorrhea and infertility, while men complain about impotence. About 60%-80% of prolactin in this disease is elevated, and sexual dysfunction is the first symptom.
Second, the symptoms of tumor compressing the tissues around the pituitary gland (1) Nerve fiber headache is the second common symptom, which is a persistent headache, located on the forehead, bilateral temporal sides, and behind the orbit. It can also be paroxysmal aggravation and dilatation caused by tumor compression or erosion of dura mater or sellar diaphragm or nerve fiber traction of adventitia. (2) Patients with optic nerve, chiasma and optic nerve bundle compression have decreased vision, visual field defect and fundus changes.
When the tumor develops to the anterior sella turcica, the compressed person often has decreased vision, visual field defect and fundus changes. When the tumor develops upward and forward to the outside of the sella, it often compresses the optic nerve, chiasma and/or optic nerve bundle, resulting in bilateral temporal hemianopia, ipsilateral hemianopia or 1/4 visual field defect. And vision often declines, even leaving only a sense of light, and the optic nerve is pale and atrophied.
(3) Other oppressive groups, when tumors frequently invade the hypothalamus, cause hypothalamic syndrome, such as obesity, diabetes insipidus, lethargy, polyphagia, sexual retardation or precocious puberty, especially craniopharyngioma. When the tumor develops to both sides and the back, it can erode the cavernous sinus, resulting in cavernous sinus syndrome such as ⅲ, ⅳ and ⅵ cranial nerve compression, eye movement disorder and exophthalmos. Trigeminal neuralgia or facial numbness may occur when V nerve is involved.
If the tumor develops downward and destroys the sella floor and sphenoid sinus, it often leads to cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and meningitis. In addition to the above two groups, sometimes intra-tumor hemorrhage causes severe headache with sudden decline of anterior pituitary function or acute decline of vision and visual field or even blindness, which is clinically called pituitary apoplexy.
Mild patients can relieve themselves after a few days, even without obvious symptoms. Severe patients must be rescued and treated as pituitary crisis. Other nervous system symptoms and signs: if pituitary adenoma grows backward and compresses pituitary stalk or hypothalamus, it can cause polydipsia and polyuria; If the tumor grows laterally and invades the wall of cavernous sinus, oculomotor nerve or abducens nerve paralysis will occur; If the tumor grows upward after passing through the sellar septum and causes the ventral part of the frontal lobe, sometimes mental symptoms will appear; If the tumor grows backward and upward, blocking the front of the third ventricle and the interventricular foramen, there will be symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache and vomiting; If the tumor grows backward, it can compress the brain stem, leading to coma, paralysis or denervation.