From the third month, the development of baby's brain cells gradually tends to peak. In order to promote brain development, in addition to ensuring adequate breast milk, it is also necessary to add brain-strengthening food to mothers to ensure that breast milk can provide sufficient nutrition for the baby's development.
Commonly used food for improving intelligence and brain are:
1. Animal brain, liver, blood, fish, eggs, milk;
2. Soybeans and bean products;
3. Walnuts, sesame seeds, peanuts, pine nuts and various melon seeds;
4. Flammulina velutipes, day lilies, spinach and carrots;
5. Oranges, bananas and apples;
6. Brown sugar, millet and corn.
2. Use milk powder correctly
In recent years, the method of preparing baby food has been simplified, because the commercially available baby milk powder is closer to the composition of breast milk. The first principle of mixing baby milk powder is to read the instructions on the package carefully. The milk powder produced by each company has different concentrations and cannot be confused. If the child has never eaten breast milk at all, you can add some yogurt to the milk to facilitate the reproduction of beneficial bacteria in the baby's intestines. Most baby milk powder sold contains enough vitamin C. However, after different experiments, Dr. Fred Kranner thinks that more vitamin C is needed. According to his years of experience, the effect of applying vitamin C is very good. Ask a pediatrician how to gradually add vitamin C to milk.
Supplement trace elements
Supplement foods rich in iron.
After the baby is born for 3 ~ 4 months, the trace elements stored in the body are basically exhausted, especially the iron element. Breast milk or milk alone can no longer meet the needs of the baby's growth and development. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement some foods rich in iron. Egg yolk is one of the ideal foods. It not only contains a lot of iron, but also contains various other nutrients that children need. Easy to digest and add.
Generally, you can add egg yolk to your child in the following ways:
1. Take 1/4 ~ 1/2 cooked egg yolk, crush it with a spoon, directly add it to the boiled milk, stir it repeatedly, and feed it to the baby after the milk is slightly cold.
2. Take raw egg yolk of 1/4 ~ 1/2, add one tablespoon of milk and one tablespoon of broth, mix well, steam over low heat until solidified, and feed it to the baby with a spoon after cooling.
Gradually add egg yolk to the baby, pay attention to the baby's performance after eating, and try to feed 1/4 egg yolk first. After 3 ~ 4 days, if the child has good digestion, normal stool and no allergic phenomenon, it can be fed to 1/2, and it can be increased to 1 after observing for a period of time without discomfort.
Intake of amino acids and vitamins
Among all natural foods, almost no simple food can fully meet the overall nutritional needs of the human body, either lacking this vitamin or that mineral or amino acid. Therefore, a reasonable diet should include the consumption of a variety of foods, so that all kinds of foods complement each other and learn from each other. However, due to various conditions, this goal can not be achieved, especially the monotonous food types of babies, which is even more difficult to achieve. If you eat one or more foods for a long time, it is easy to cause the lack of some nutrients and affect your health. So you can only add some extra nutrients to your food according to your nutritional needs to supplement your physiological needs. Infant fortified food is made by supplementing any nutrients that are usually lacking. It is a common scientific product method to add the missing nutrients to the suitable foods commonly used by infants for strengthening, so as to improve the nutritional value of food. For example, rice lacks lysine. After 0.3% lysine is fortified in rice, the available protein in rice can be increased from 3.0% to 5. 1%. At present, most baby foods lack iron, calcium and vitamins A and D, so there are three products: iron fortified foods, calcium fortified foods and vitamins A and D fortified foods. Most of these nutrients are fortified in foods commonly used by babies, such as milk powder, rice flour, flour or salt. Babies get the nutrition they need by eating fortified foods, so fortified foods are good for babies. However, all kinds of nutrients have certain suitable requirements, and any excessive nutrients will have side effects, such as iron, calcium, vitamins A and D, which are toxic, so not all foods should be fortified, and the dosage of fortified foods is also limited, and the standards in different places are different. Of course, different kinds of natural foods can be used as far as possible for reasonable collocation and mutual supplement, which can also improve the nutritional value of food. For example, rice lacks lysine. If rice flour is added to the milk rich in lysine for cooking, the nutritional value will be greatly improved, and it can also strengthen food and rationally allocate physiological functions.
Supplement half the calcium you need.
Babies under 6 months need 600 mg of calcium every day, and babies over 6 months need 800 mg of calcium every day. Generally speaking, babies can only get half of the calcium they need from food (breast milk, milk, etc.). For example, all breast-fed babies eat breast milk, and every 100 ml of breast milk contains 34 mg of calcium. Even if they can eat 700 ml of breast milk every day, the calcium content is less than 250 mg. Therefore, in order to meet the normal development of baby's bones and teeth and the needs of normal metabolism of the whole body, it is necessary to supplement half of the calcium needed by the baby. So how to supplement calcium?
There are two ways to supplement calcium for infants. One is to add calcium to infant food, such as formula milk powder, infant nutrition milk rice flour, milk wheat flour, etc., and the other is to supplement it with calcium. The latter method is widely used at present. So which calcium agent is better to choose? Now there are many kinds of calcium supplements, no less than 200 kinds, and calcium supplementation has become a hot topic. When choosing calcium agent, one should look at the calcium content of calcium agent; Second, it depends on the solubility of calcium. Only water-soluble calcium can be well absorbed. Third, it is safe, non-toxic and has no side effects; Fourth, the price is right. Doctors in health care units will help parents choose appropriate calcium agents according to principles. At present, a kind of "active calcium" made directly from oyster shells is not suitable for infants. Although its calcium content is high, its solubility is poor, so its absorption rate is low. Because of its strong alkalinity, it is irritating to the baby's stomach, and long-term feeding will make the baby's appetite poor. In addition, due to offshore pollution, oyster shells contain heavy metal elements harmful to health, such as lead, aluminum and mercury. Long-term use will cause cumulative poisoning. Therefore, calcium supplementation for infants should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor and should not be purchased by themselves. Don't think that expensive calcium is good calcium.
Vitamin D should be supplemented at the same time of calcium supplementation, so that calcium can be well absorbed and utilized, otherwise most of the calcium fed in will be excreted by the intestine and will not play its due role.
Vitamin c supplement.
Vitamin C mainly comes from fresh vegetables and fruits. Because the baby can't eat vegetables, it is easy to cause vitamin C deficiency. Generally, every 100 ml of breast milk contains vitamin C 2 ~ 6 mg. However, the content of vitamin C in milk is less. After heating and boiling, part of it was destroyed, and there was not much left. Therefore, we should pay attention to adding some green leaf vegetable juice, tomato juice, orange juice and fresh fruit pulp to our children. These foods are rich in vitamin C, which is easily destroyed by oxygen, high temperature, alkali or bronze. Therefore, to make these foods for children, we should use fresh fruits and vegetables. Now we should pay attention to hygiene and avoid destroying vitamin C too much.
Vitamin e supplementation
During the development of children, the body accumulates more metabolites, such as lactic acid, to counter the local blood circulation disorder caused by improper weight line of lower limbs and excessive contraction and stretching of muscle ligaments of lower limbs during exercise. At rest, due to the decrease of local tension, the blood flow increases, which is beneficial to the elimination of metabolites, forming a relative process from ischemia to reperfusion, during which highly reactive oxygen radicals are produced in the tissue. This sharp increase of free radicals makes the cell membrane undergo lipid peroxidation, which destroys the integrity of the cell membrane and causes local pain. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, which acts on oxygen free radicals, removes oxygen free radicals and stabilizes cells, so it has the effect of treating growth pain. Vitamin C is also an antioxidant, and proper application is also beneficial. The dose of vitamin e is 5 ~ 10 mg each time, three times a day. After 1 ~ 2 months, the child will no longer feel pain in his lower limbs.
6. Supplement trace elements such as iodine, copper and selenium.
Iodine deficiency can cause goiter and cause "big neck disease". Iodine deficiency in pregnant women will slow the growth of the fetus, lead to mental retardation or dementia, and even cretinism (dementia). Generally speaking, iodine comes from seafood, and kelp and laver are rich in iodine. Now iodized salt has greatly reduced the incidence rate. Adults need about 100 ~ 200 micrograms of iodine every day. Pregnant women, nursing mothers and babies should increase their iodine intake appropriately.
Copper is related to hematopoiesis and infant development. Babies need about 0.05 ~ 0. 1 mg of copper per kilogram of body weight every day. Generally speaking, copper comes from liver, maggots, meat, fish, beans, fruits with shells and so on. Most animal and plant foods contain copper. When parenteral nutrition is used, long-term diarrhea, intestinal malabsorption and inability to eat due to illness can cause copper deficiency. Infants with copper deficiency mainly show leukopenia, anemia, pallor, anorexia, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly and growth stagnation. Oral 1% copper sulfate solution, 1 ~ 2 ml per day.
Selenium is an important component of animal food. Its main function is to form glutathione peroxidase and participate in metabolism. The selenium content in children with congenital dementia, cretinism and cardiomyopathy decreased, while the selenium content in children with diabetes increased. It is reported that selenium has an inhibitory effect on carcinogens.
In addition, sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium and so on. It is also an indispensable mineral for human body, which maintains the metabolic process of life together with enzymes, hormones, vitamins and nucleic acids.
7. Take vitamins should not be excessive.
Although children must get vitamins from food to ensure the growth and development of the body, they should not take too much. In particular, fat-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and deposited in fat, which will cause adverse reactions and even poisoning.
vitamin D intoxication
Some parents are afraid that their children will get rickets, and often give their children more drugs containing vitamin D, such as cod liver oil, which is easy to cause poisoning. Symptoms include: loss of appetite, emaciation, frequent urination, but less urine, low fever, constipation, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Severe cases can be manifested as mental depression and dyskinesia.
hypervitaminosis A
If children eat a lot of pig liver, fish liver and concentrated cod liver oil, it can cause acute or chronic vitamin A poisoning, and the poisoning symptoms are: bone pain, changes in skin and mucosa, increased intracranial pressure and so on.
In a word, vitamins should not be taken in excess and must be used correctly under the guidance of a doctor. Otherwise, it will be counterproductive.