White urine case 1: Mother Zhang is very worried about the health of her 5-year-old son these days. When she poured urine for her son in the morning, she found that there was white turbid urine in the urinal, which would also form a precipitate at the bottom of the urinal. At first she thought the urinal was not cleaned, but it turned out to be like this for several days. During the day, my son's urine is completely normal and has no color. After taking my son to the hospital for a urine test, nothing unusual was found. Analysis: Mom Zhang doesn't have to worry. This kind of white urine is actually caused by the crystallization of salts contained in urine, which is a physiological phenomenon. There are phosphates and other salts in urine. After being discharged from the body, with the decrease of temperature, salts will precipitate and shake well to form white turbid urine. Because children have a strong metabolism and drink less water, this situation is more common in children in winter. After discovering this situation, no special treatment is needed. Just drink more water and increase your urine output. It will be relieved. Case 2: Miss Huang has been overworking these days. She felt itchy and painful in her lower body, and the frequency of urination increased significantly. She also feels that her urine is not clean. She found that the urine was more turbid than before, and there seemed to be something fluffy. On this day, she had a fever. When she urinated, she felt burning pain in her urethra, and her urine turned white as a cloud. After arriving at the hospital, he was diagnosed with urinary tract infection and improved after infusion. Analysis: Women are prone to urinary tract infection due to their physiological structure. Most women have suffered from urinary tract infection at least once in their lives, and most of the pathogens infected are Escherichia coli. When infection occurs, urine will contain a large number of pus cells, as well as exfoliated bladder mucosa and necrotic tissue. , will make the urine appear turbid white or white floc. In severe cases, urine can be rice soup. Urinary tract infection is easy to recur and turn into more refractory chronic pyelonephritis, so women should pay attention to the changes of urine and see a doctor in time if there is any abnormality. It is suggested that in addition to the above two conditions, white urine can also be seen in patients with filariasis in South China. Its characteristic is that the urine is milky white, which is caused by the reflux of chyle absorbed by the intestine to the lymphatic vessels of the urinary system. It is called chyluria. It is not difficult to identify chyluria through simple experiments. Case of yellow urine: Mr. Chen inexplicably feels weak and listless these days, and the color of urine is much darker than usual, like the color of strong tea. He thought it was because he drank less water and didn't have a good rest. After a few days, not only did the urine color not change, but the whites of the eyes and the skin gradually turned yellow. After examination by the hospital, he was diagnosed as acute hepatitis A. At the doctor's suggestion, Mr. Chen gradually remembered that he had eaten mala Tang in an obscure stall about half a month ago ... Analysis: If the human body ingests less water or loses too much water, the urine volume will decrease, making the urine look yellow, which is a normal physiological condition that we all know. But the urine color as yellow as strong tea is not caused by physiological reasons. Bilirubin is the main factor that makes urine yellow. Bilirubin can be excreted through urine or intestine. When liver or biliary tract diseases occur, bilirubin discharged from the intestine decreases, and the color of urine turns dark yellow with the increase of urine output. This kind of urine is not only extremely yellow in color, but also easy to hang on the wall of the container when it is poured out, which is not easy to pour clean, and often foams after shock. Bilirubin can also cause yellow staining of skin and mucosa, which is called jaundice. When jaundice does not appear in the early stage of hepatitis, urine color is often observed as strong tea, so dark yellow urine color is often an early signal of hepatitis. It is suggested that other causes of yellow urine color are: eating a lot of carrots, taking riboflavin, furazolidone, rhubarb and other Chinese and western medicines. Once you stop taking it, the yellow urine disappears immediately. Case of black urine: Xiao Wang is a freshman who just entered the university this year. After entering the school, he received strict military training. After completing 5 km cross-country training in the scorching sun, Xiao Wang dragged his tired body to the toilet. He was surprised to find that his urine turned as black as soy sauce. Analysis: Like many boys who grew up in the city, Xiao Wang didn't experience much exercise. The high-intensity March made the soles of the feet repeatedly and strongly impacted, and the red blood cells in the capillaries were destroyed. A large amount of hemoglobin in cells enters the blood and then concentrates in the urine, making the urine appear dark purple like soy sauce or wine. This situation is more common among recruits who have just joined the army and have incorrect marching posture, but it is rare for veterans who often train. Generally, no special treatment is needed. After a period of rest and improvement of training methods, you will recover. It is suggested that patients with intravascular hemolysis and massive muscle crush injury can also see soy sauce urine, such as drug poisoning, mismatched blood transfusion, burns, crush syndrome and so on. It is generally dangerous and needs emergency rescue. Case of red urine: When Uncle Li went to the toilet in the morning, he was surprised to find that his urine was reddish. Because there was no discomfort, he didn't tell anyone. After two days, the urine color returned to normal. Uncle Li was relieved and thought it was caused by "getting angry". Later, this situation appeared two or three times, and Uncle Li didn't take it seriously. But three months later, the urine discharged by Uncle Li was as bright as blood. The family rushed him to the hospital. After diagnosis, it turned out to be bladder cancer! Analysis: Hematuria is a very common clinical symptom, and any disease that causes blood to enter urine will produce hematuria. When there is very little blood mixed in urine, it is difficult to observe with naked eyes; When the amount of mixed blood exceeds one thousandth, it is possible to observe a faint red color with the naked eye. With the increase of blood loss, the color of urine can be meat-washing water sample, light red, bright red, and even more serious, blood clots can appear. There are more than 100 diseases that cause hematuria in clinic, both in internal medicine and surgery. The accompanying symptoms of hematuria are very important and can often indicate the nature of the disease. If hematuria is accompanied by gingival bleeding and skin bleeding, it may be a systemic hemorrhagic disease; When hematuria is accompanied by fever, joint swelling and pain, skin damage and multiple organ damage, it may be a rheumatic immune disease; Hematuria with hypertension, edema and proteinuria may be glomerulonephritis; Hematuria accompanied by severe colic in one side of the waist and abdomen is mostly urinary calculi.