Article 69 of the Law on Work Safety, Article 49 of the Regulations on Work Safety License and Articles 48 and 49 of the Regulations on Work Safety in Construction Projects all make mandatory requirements for the preparation of emergency plans for construction enterprises. At the same time, emergency plan is also one of the key elements in the occupational health and safety management system. According to "Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents in Production and Business Units", combined with my safety management experience in recent years, this paper talks about the preparation of emergency plans for production safety accidents in construction enterprises.
First, the preparation of emergency plans
In order to make the emergency plan targeted and operable, we should make full preparations before preparation. These preparations include data collection, accident analysis, emergency resources and capacity assessment.
1. Collect relevant information from all aspects, and select valuable information through analysis, which will be used as the basis for compiling elements such as hazard sources and risk analysis, prevention and early warning, information report and emergency response in the plan. The information to be collected mainly includes: related information of the project, such as topography, geology, surrounding environment, meteorological conditions, general situation of the project, structural form, construction methods, construction machinery, etc. Location of the project; Emergency related information, such as emergency personnel skills, emergency materials quantity, emergency equipment status, accident cases, etc. ; The regulations on the reporting, investigation and handling of production safety accidents, the technical specification for the safety of steel pipe scaffolding with fasteners in construction, the emergency plan for major accidents and disasters in local and urban construction projects, and other relevant laws, regulations, technical standards and plans of relevant government departments.
2. Seriously analyze the safety accidents that are easy to occur in the construction. The types of construction safety accidents mainly include collapse, electric shock, object strike, falling from a height, mechanical injury, fire, poisoning and other accidents. Accidents are the object of emergency management. In order to make the emergency plan targeted, it is necessary to analyze the accidents on the construction site, including determining the types, causes and consequences of possible accidents in various engineering projects of enterprises.
3. Assess emergency resources and capabilities. Emergency resources include emergency personnel, emergency facilities, equipment and materials; Emergency response capability includes skills, experience and training of personnel. Emergency resources and capabilities will directly affect the effectiveness of emergency actions. Before making the emergency plan, the emergency resources and capabilities of the construction unit and the project should be comprehensively and objectively evaluated.
Second, the problems that should be paid attention to in the preparation of emergency plans
The compilation of emergency plan for building construction must be closely combined with the actual work on the construction site, which has practical value.
1. Type of emergency plan. Because of the different levels and application scope, construction enterprises should prepare two plans with different management levels. One is the company-level plan, and the other is the construction site emergency plan. The company-level plan is a comprehensive plan, which generally expounds the emergency guidelines, policies, emergency organizational structure and related emergency responsibilities. Project-level construction site emergency plan is a special plan, and it is also the focus of construction enterprise plan preparation. Special emergency plan is a plan or scheme for specific accident types, hazard sources and emergency support, and it is an integral part of comprehensive emergency plan. The common special emergency plans for accidents in construction enterprises mainly include collapse accident emergency plan, fire accident emergency plan, falling accident emergency plan and poisoning accident emergency plan.
2. The scope of the contingency plan. As a construction site, we only need to identify the most likely and most harmful emergencies according to the characteristics of the project and prepare emergency plans. There is no need to aim too high and make contingency plans for all possible accidents. Generally speaking, emergencies in construction mainly include collapse accident, overturning accident, object strike accident, mechanical injury accident, electric shock accident, environmental pollution accident, falling accident, fire, food poisoning and heatstroke.
3. The emergency plan should be readable and practical. At present, some construction enterprises and construction site project preparation plans occupy a lot of space in theory, with little content for practical operation, and the measures are not implemented and are not practical. In my opinion, the workers on the construction site are mainly from rural areas, with generally low education level, weak identification ability, high mobility and short study time. Therefore, when preparing the emergency plan for construction projects, more attention should be paid to the readability of the plan, and the language should be concise and easy to understand, especially the emergency organization, accident reporting procedures and disposal measures of the on-site emergency plan for operators, which should be expressed in the form of charts as much as possible. Only when the emergency plan is small and concise, focused on surprise attack, and easy to learn, understand and master, can grass-roots personnel use it easily.
4. The preparation of emergency plan on the construction site should include: first, the purpose, basis and principle of emergency rescue; The second is the identification of dangerous sources on the construction site, which should be combined with the characteristics of the project to identify the types of possible accidents; Third, the organization and responsibilities of emergency rescue. Organizations should be divided into communication liaison group, site protection group, material group, medical rescue group and emergency rescue group. Responsibilities should be clearly defined and implemented to the specific person in charge; The fourth is the way of alarm and communication. Procedures for alarm, first aid, accident report and duty should be specified, and the contact information of relevant departments, personnel and emergency vehicles should ensure smooth communication channels; Fifth, emergency materials, emergency medicines, appliances and emergency equipment that the project department should equip; Sixth, the emergency rescue plan, which is the focus of the plan, must be targeted, and the measures formulated for the specific environment, equipment and personnel at the scene must be implemented; Seventh, the plan management, the project should train and drill emergency personnel, and make provisions for evaluation and update.
The construction site plan should be based on the Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Plans for Production Safety Accidents of Production and Business Units, and combined with the actual characteristics of the construction site, so that the emergency plan is targeted, operable, readable, complete and cohesive, so that actions can be taken in a timely, orderly and effective manner after the accident, so as to control the spread of the accident and reduce the harmful consequences.
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