On how to infiltrate mental health education into Chinese teaching in primary schools

Ke Ruifeng of Linger Primary School in Lingyuan Street Abstract With the rapid development of society, the psychological load ability of contemporary primary school students has encountered an unprecedented test. Mental health education should "permeate the whole process of school education", and "attaching importance to students' mental health education in subject teaching, various educational activities and the work of class teachers is the main way of mental health education". As the most important communication tool and cultural carrier, and as a highly unified discipline of instrumentality and humanity, Chinese is endowed with unique conditions in infiltrating mental health education. This paper discusses the importance of primary school mental health education, the standards and contents of primary school mental health, and the ways of primary school mental health education. Mental health; Quality; A healthy personality; Emotional experience in primary school is an important period for the formation of psychological quality of life, and its mental health will seriously affect the behavior of adults, which is related to the improvement of the quality of the whole nation and is an inevitable requirement of modern education. Students' psychological health education and counseling have been incorporated into formal school education, which has laid a good foundation for children's health and smooth growth. How to infiltrate mental health education into Chinese teaching and guide students to establish good psychological quality while cultivating cultural quality education has become an important topic for Chinese educators. First, the importance of mental health education in primary schools. The so-called mental health refers to a state of psychological function of human beings, that is, an ideal state that can give full play to all psychological potential of human beings. Inglis believes: "Mental health is a continuous mental state, in which the parties can adapt well, have the vitality of life, and fully develop their physical and mental potential." 1, the basis of maintaining the mental health of primary school students. Primary school is an important period for the formation of psychological quality of life, and its mental health will seriously affect the behavior in the growing period. Primary school students' mental health education is the basis of maintaining their mental health. Its importance includes: (1) Intelligent training can help students to establish a scientific understanding of the nature of intelligence and design different training activities for different components of intelligence such as attention, observation and memory; (2) Learning psychological counseling can help students to establish a scientific understanding of the nature of learning activities, cultivate students to form a healthy and positive learning attitude and motivation, and cultivate students to develop good study habits and master scientific learning methods. (3) Emotional education can teach students to grasp and express their emotions, learn to effectively control, adjust and reasonably vent their negative emotions, observe and understand others' emotions, and train related skills; (4) Interpersonal relationship guidance can guide students to correctly understand the nature of various relationships and learn skills and principles to deal with various problems in interpersonal communication, including conflict resolution, cooperation and competition, learning to refuse, respect and support. (5) The cultivation of sound personality is about the healthy personality qualities that individuals should have when facing the pressure of social survival, such as independence, enterprise, frustration tolerance and so on. (6) Sexual psychological education is about imparting and analyzing sexual physiology and psychological knowledge, helping students to establish correct gender concepts and gender identity, and guiding students to understand and master the knowledge and skills of interacting with the opposite sex. 2. The key to correct students' psychological and behavioral problems. From the school's point of view, with the development of economy, the change of environment and the change of social atmosphere, some factors that have changed or are inevitably bred temporarily have a negative impact on the psychological state of primary school students. From the family point of view, parents' moral cultivation, education level, education methods and family environment conditions have a direct and fundamental impact on students' moral and psychological growth. With the rise of "single-parent families" and "problem families", the probability of children's psychological problems increases, so it is very necessary and important to carry out appropriate psychological intervention for primary school students. From the school's point of view, fierce competition for further education, one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, frequent examinations, students' score ranking and inappropriate educational behavior of teachers may all lead students to fall into an unbalanced state such as tension, anxiety, worry and depression. From the social point of view, some negative influences in society, such as violent pornography, illegal video game halls and illegal internet cafes, have caused bad stimulation to teenagers. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen students' mental health education, understand society and control themselves with a healthy attitude. 3. The guarantee of developing students' psychological potential and creativity. Psychological research shows that primary and secondary schools are the best time to develop psychological potential. The development of psychological potential and the cultivation of creativity are also important contents of school mental health education, mainly including the training and cultivation of students' abilities of judgment, reasoning, logical thinking, intuitive thinking, divergent thinking and creative thinking. At the same time, it also includes the cultivation of students' self-motivation ability, so as to improve students' independent consciousness and initiative. In the process of Chinese teaching, the author often gives students group counseling on divergent thinking and creative thinking, guiding and inspiring students to apply them to the memory of new words, especially for some students with low Chinese scores and lack of interest, with excellent results. In the process of Chinese teaching, according to the author's investigation, some students are diligent and hard-working, but their grades can never be improved, while some students usually perform particularly well, but they just can't get high marks. Some students usually do well in mock exams, but fail in key exams. After that, the author put them in the psychological counseling room and conducted a series of psychological group counseling with psychological teachers, which improved students' learning psychological ability, students' all-round development and steadily improved their grades. Second, the standards and contents of primary school students' mental health are based on the views of experts and scholars at home and abroad. According to the characteristics of pupils' psychological development, the standard of pupils' mental health can be summarized as: 1, with normal cognitive development and above normal intelligence level. Intelligence is the synthesis of people's cognitive abilities such as observation, attention, memory, imagination and thinking. The age of primary school students is in a critical period of intellectual development. The normal development of intelligence and knowledge ability is an important psychological condition for primary school students and an important standard for their mental health. The key to measure pupils' intelligence and cognitive ability lies in whether they can function normally. The main criteria are: strong thirst for knowledge and willingness to learn; Have a strong interest and exploration spirit in new problems and new things, and show initiative; Various factors of intelligence can be organically combined, actively coordinated and play a normal role in activities. 2. Emotionally stable, optimistic and happy. Emotion is people's attitude and experience about whether objective things meet their own needs. The contents of primary school students' emotional health mainly include: positive emotions are more than negative emotions, so as to keep themselves optimistic, positive and upward; Emotional reaction is mild, with appropriate trigger reasons, and the reaction intensity is consistent with the trigger situation; It can effectively regulate the quality, quantity and degree of emotions, so that they can be properly expressed at appropriate times and occasions, that is, they can restrain constraints and vent moderately without being overly depressed. 3. Sound will, strong sense of action, decisiveness, tenacity and self-control. Will is a psychological process in which people consciously determine the purpose, overcome various difficulties according to the purpose, and achieve the predetermined purpose. A sound will is mainly manifested in the consciousness, decisiveness, tenacity and self-control of action. That is, there is a conscious purpose in the activity, rather than a lack of opinion or blind decision-making. Be able to make timely decisions when implementing decisions, and adjust decisions at any time according to the changing external environment; Be able to overcome all difficulties and setbacks with perseverance and achieve the set goals; At the same time, you can effectively control and regulate your own psychology and activities to achieve the goal. 4. Correct self-concept and sound and unified personality. Self-concept is people's understanding of their own environment and the relationship with their surroundings. Individuals always know themselves, their relationship with others and their practical activities in the real environment. Only by establishing a correct self-concept can a sound and unified personality be formed. Its consistent standards are: the understanding of oneself is closer to reality, and there can be no confusion of self-identity; Be able to accept yourself happily, and have a certain sense of satisfaction and development about your life, study status and future; Take a positive outlook on life as the core of personality, and unify your needs, wishes, goals and behaviors. 5. Harmonious interpersonal relationship. People are always in a certain social relationship, and the psychological relationship between individuals formed in the process of mutual communication is called interpersonal relationship. Interpersonal relationship is inseparable from group background, regulated by cognitive tendency, and has corresponding emotional experience. Harmonious interpersonal relationships are mainly manifested as: willing to associate with you, having stable and extensive general friends and intimate friends who talk about everything; Treat people with superciliousness and maintain their own personality; Tolerate others, be helpful, objectively evaluate yourself and others, learn from their strengths and make up for their shortcomings; Positive communication attitude is more than negative attitude; We should be psychologically prepared to protect and develop ourselves in complex interpersonal relationships. 6. Strong adaptability. Adaptation here includes social adaptation, learning adaptation and life adaptation. People living in the world should have a positive adaptation mechanism and actively adapt to various changes in their own environment and society. When the environment changes, individuals should make behavioral changes to adjust the harmonious relationship with the social environment. The criteria of this adaptability are: being able to maintain good contact and synchronous relationship with the collective, being able to adjust itself quickly when one's needs and desires conflict with the requirements of society and the interests of the collective, seeking harmony with society, having a clear understanding of the current social situation and making clear one's position; Learn to adjust and solve all kinds of problems encountered in life, and master the methods to solve psychological problems and reduce psychological pressure; Learning to learn and mastering learning methods and strategies can optimize and adjust one's learning process, adjust one's learning psychological state, develop one's potential and achieve a good learning state. Third, the ways of mental health education in primary schools. Primary school students' mental health education is the main task of basic education. Schools should give full play to the overall advantages of education and make use of various effective ways to promote the healthy development of children's psychology and lay a solid foundation for the improvement of national quality. 1. Excavate the positive factors in textbooks and infiltrate them into primary school Chinese textbooks for mental health education. Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools cover a wide range of contents, including language training, ideological and moral education, as well as a variety of rich information on psychological factors. Teachers should make full use of psychological factors in textbooks, exert a subtle influence on students through various teaching methods, and let students experience and internalize their own qualities. Direct dialogue with the text and the infiltration of mental health education. Some teaching materials have obvious psychological education factors, so students can have a dialogue with the text directly, thus integrating psychological health education into them and cultivating students' good psychological quality. For example, when teaching the text "Pony Crossing the River", I asked the students to read the text with questions first, "Why didn't the pony cross the river for the first time and the second time?" Role-play pony, old horse, old cow and little squirrel. By reading the conversations between pony and old cow, squirrel and mother repeatedly, the students realized the different mentality of pony when crossing the river twice, and also realized that they should think in the face of difficulties, be brave in practice and not rely on others. In this way, through students' self-perception, they will be prompted to consciously establish a sense of self-reliance, which will help them to eliminate the psychology of relying on parents, teachers and others in everything. Looking for the combination point and infiltrating mental health education. The psychological education factors contained in some textbooks are not obvious and need to be expanded, trying to find out the combination of "this" and "that", such as the article "Peanut". In teaching, I use the form of AB drama of CCTV Life, and let students divide into peanut group and apple group according to their own wishes for discussion and debate: In today's society, would you rather be like an apple or a peanut? Students express their views in the debate. Through the debate, the students realized that people who like apples and people who like peanuts have their own advantages and disadvantages. Apple is beautiful and generous, but flashy, while peanuts are unpretentious and valuable in quality, but lack self-confidence and courage to show themselves. Finally, I pointed out that people like peanuts and apples are needed, depending on how you foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. Through the ingenious design and guidance of teachers, students learn to evaluate others objectively and comprehensively with teaching materials as the carrier, and realize that to be a child in the new century, we should not only be beautiful in appearance, but also beautiful in mind, dare to show ourselves and express ourselves appropriately. 2. Grasping the opportunity of classroom education and infiltrating the classroom of mental health education is the main position of Chinese teaching. In the bilateral activities between teachers and students, classroom teaching occupies the longest time. So how to make full use of this golden time and infiltrate mental health education? Generally speaking, when mental health permeates the teaching materials, it is naturally the best time, but sometimes it is impossible to separate the whole classroom teaching and turn the Chinese class into a health education class, which requires teachers to be good at capturing the appropriate teaching opportunity. Educational opportunities in the classroom often appear in four times: first, when interest is stimulated. With interest, thinking will be more active and the educational effect will be good. The second is when the mood is high. When the mood is full, passion, admiration and shock are all helpful for students to choose healthy and beneficial psychological qualities. The third is when the mind is sprouting. The fourth is when the initiative of learning comes into being. In a word, opportunities in teaching are sometimes accidental and random, which requires teachers to capture them attentively and infiltrate mental health education into Chinese classroom teaching. 3. Carry out colorful Chinese practice activities and infiltrate mental health education. Chinese practice is an extension of Chinese classroom teaching, which is characterized by openness, pleasure, autonomy and initiative. In the colorful Chinese practice, there are also many opportunities for psychological education. Teachers should be good at grasping opportunities and infiltrating psychological education anytime and anywhere. This time-consuming and targeted educational infiltration often gets twice the result with half the effort. There are many Chinese social practice activities and oral communication in primary school textbooks. Because students actually participate in practice, in production, design, organization, performance, debate and other activities, students devote themselves wholeheartedly and have rich experiences, or taste success, share joy, or experience setbacks and failures. The psychological state of students is in a state of development and change with the process of activities and participation. In teaching, I take "activities" as "teaching materials", keenly grasp the opportunity of mental health education, infect students with actions, influence and hint students, educate students on mental health, and let students feel and experience happiness in full activities. For example, I organized students to carry out a practical activity of "Let me shine", brought my own cookware to the technical classroom, and asked students to cooperate in groups, bring their own materials and have a cooking contest. Students' enthusiasm is very high. They both work together. Some cook noodles, some stir-fry, and some make jiaozi cook all kinds of dishes. In the process of activities, I guide students to experience the actual feelings: the joy of success in learning skills and the frustration of encountering setbacks. Such practical activities shorten the distance between students, promote the formation of good interpersonal relationships among students, and at the same time, not only help to improve each student's ability to deal with people, but more importantly, help students develop good cooperative psychological quality, so that they can establish the concept of collectivism from an early age. Teaching is a very personalized and artistic process, and it is a brand-new subject to infiltrate mental health education into Chinese teaching in primary schools. Therefore, it is more necessary for us to explore, study and explore a world of mental health education, so that students can receive mental health education in the process of learning Chinese, just like the ancient poem said, "sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently", moisten students' hearts silently like spring rain, so as to refer to (1) Several Opinions on Strengthening Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools. ② Educational Psychology, edited by Chen Qi. Beijing Higher Education Press 200 1, 6. (3) CoCo Lee's effective penetration of mental health education in Chinese teaching in primary schools. Construction of old areas, period 20 1 1, period 14. (4) Infiltrating mental health education in Chinese teaching in primary schools by Wu Xiaohua, Science Public (Science Education), 20 1 1, 08. (5) Yan Xia's On Mental Health Education in Chinese Teaching, mental health education in primary and secondary schools.