I recommend you to read this classic introductory book that has been selling well for 20 years: 40 Studies on Change Psychology, Top 100 of Amazon Psychology,No. 1 of Amazon Mental Health.
Are you worried about not understanding the title of the book? No, you can understand it as 40 short stories.
This book collects 40 most important studies in the history of psychology. The structure of the book is: experimental story+theoretical hypothesis+conclusion+follow-up research. The topic of each study is not very long, with an average of 4-5 pages. Make the key points and background clear.
I used a pencil to write the core conclusions or ideas under the heading of each directory. This way of reading is very suitable for this book, which is helpful to refine the main points and follow-up thinking.
The book covers ten topics, including: from the perspective of biology, perceptual consciousness, acquired learning, intellectual memory, human development, emotion, personality, psychopathology, psychotherapy and social psychology.
In addition to the experimental conclusions, the research process and methods are also very interesting. Sometimes, some difficult experimental conditions can only be produced by "the right time, the right place and the right people". For example, the "major functional differences between the left and right hemispheres of the brain", which is now common sense to us, was only verified when several epileptic patients were treated.
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What are these 40 studies?
Choose nine of them as the focus. Some experiments touched me greatly, while others were too classic to introduce:
Learning 1: One brain or two brains?
Conclusion:
The left hemisphere of the brain is better at speech, writing, number operation, reading and so on. And it is the language center; The right hemisphere is better at solving spatial relations, symbolic reasoning and artistic activities. If superiority separates the functions of the two brains, there will be confusion.
Thinking:
The functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain are different. Knowing which side of a person's brain hemisphere leans can help him make a career choice in the future. For example, 83% biochemists are left-brain oriented.
In terms of parenting, if the characteristics of children are obvious, they can be consciously guided.
Study 2: Does rich experience equal a bigger brain?
Conclusion:
Rich environment and experience, strong curiosity, good nutrition, deeper and more complicated brain gully, in other words, the brain becomes smarter.
Thinking:
For parenting, parents should ensure the child's nutrition, take him to read more books and walk more, and "read thousands of books and take Wan Li Road".
Curious about yourself. Be wary of yourself, don't stand still when you are middle-aged and old, and don't always think about your old experience and neglect to experience and feel new things, especially work and new fields.
Study 3: Emotional Little Albert
This experiment is somewhat cruel and sad. The protagonist of the experiment was 1 9-month-old orphan Albert Jr, and the researchers kept experimenting with the loud knocking sound of rats and iron bars, thus obtaining Albert's fear response, which extended to rabbits, white cotton and so on.
Poor Albert, who was adopted without experimental correction, died of illness at the age of six.
Conclusion:
People's emotional response is obtained by being stimulated by specific conditions in the environment. People will be constantly strengthened or faded by environmental factors.
Thinking:
Emotion will be "generalized", and sometimes it is easy for us to always attribute the problems in adulthood to family background and childhood memories. I don't think it's necessarily a matter of family background.
On the contrary, people's emotional reactions in similar environments will be remembered more deeply, and these scenes will be linked together and cause similar emotions. The scenes are the same, and this kind of emotion will be strengthened, forming the destructive influence of family background.
So, how do you give your emotions the power to strengthen or weaken, that is to say, you can better regulate your emotions.
From this thought:
Gratitude diary, the increase is to actively strengthen emotions.
Reflecting on the diary is a return to negative emotions.
Study 4: Discovery of Love
Conclusion: Although they are all breast-fed, the hairy touch of cloth monkeys is more effective than that of iron monkeys. The caress and touch with temperature can produce the power of love.
Thinking:
Don't be stingy with hugging children, partners and family. If words are hard to say, express them with a loving hug.
Go home after work, hug the children, pat your partner on the face before going to bed, and design some daily expressions of ritual love at home, so that the family will gain strength.
Study 5: Control that Makes You Happy
Conclusion:
You can choose, you are happier.
Thinking:
Why do parenting experts say it is very effective to give children a choice: baby, do you drink milk before going to bed or now?
Give children the right to choose, people will be happier with the freedom of choice, and also cultivate a sense of responsibility and responsibility.
Don't arbitrarily choose all of them for him, or he will have an excuse to say: You helped me choose them, so the bad result has nothing to do with me.
Think about it, do we often hear this kind of words when filling in the college entrance examination and choosing a major in the university?
Study 6: Cognitive dissonance
Conclusion:
If people's behavior and attitude are inconsistent, when there is deviation, psychological effects will make us have two kinds: either adjust cognitive matching behavior; Either change behavior to match cognition.
Thinking:
When doing management work, I always feel that the post-90 s generation of the company is somewhat difficult to understand. No reading, no active study, no planning for the future. I used to think that I would stop sharing some ideas, exhortations, career promotion methods and so on. If they don't care.
Now that I think about it, maybe they don't care if I say it, but as long as the mainstream is still good and positive to them, maybe one day they will realize the deviation and take the initiative to adjust their behavior or attitude. Either way, as long as it can affect it, it may be a good thing. Then I decided to stick to the book club.
Study 7: Can you control your own destiny?
Conclusion:
People who think that there is a necessary connection between behavior and results are mostly internal control, and they will be more self-reflective, more cautious and more likely to succeed. People who don't believe are more accustomed to gambling on luck and are more likely to complain about others and society.
Thinking:
This has a lot to do with educational methods.
When educating children, if parents' behaviors are consistent, and the results will be linked with behaviors, then adult children will believe that efforts and results are related and are more willing to practice frequently.
Therefore, what we want to praise is the child's efforts and practice movements, not the child's intelligence and high IQ.
Study 8: Who's crazy?
Conclusion:
If you are thrown into a mental hospital, it will be difficult for you to prove your innocence. Even psychiatrists and experts find it difficult to do so.
Thinking:
The environment will force people to become blind, and "labeling" is terrible. Especially being labeled as a mental patient.
If you really throw me into a mental hospital, the only way may be to listen to the doctor, except not to take medicine.
Study 9: Stanford Prison Experiment
Conclusion:
The role is very powerful. When we play a role, we will unconsciously substitute our identity, and even if there is no request from outsiders, our behavior will be adjusted to "should be so".
Thinking:
This is a dangerous experiment, even the psychologist Zindoba himself unconsciously fell into the role of "warden".
Be wary of the roles we set for ourselves, especially the behavior of self-suggestion.
The ugliness in human nature is released under the stimulation of environment, just like Pandora's box is opened. Explain the importance of the environment again.
In the family environment, if your parents, can you create a good parenting soil for your children?
When you and your partner are each other's soil, can you become each other's nourishment and nourish each other instead of being swallowed up by death?
At work, can you create a working atmosphere that can give full play to the intelligence of employees and help the company?
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The book "40 Research on Change Psychology" opened my basic introduction to psychology, and I learned more about the ins and outs of many classic experiments and contacted a lot of psychological common sense. At the same time, this book also gave me profound enlightenment:
Know some psychology and be a normal person.
This society is sick, so I will prescribe some medicine for myself.