1. Risk factors in production process:
1, chemical factors: dust, lead, trichloroethylene, benzene, n-hexane and so on.
2. Physical factors: noise, abnormal meteorological conditions, electromagnetic radiation, ionizing radiation, etc.
3. Biological factors: such as Bacillus anthracis and Brucella. For example, workers come into contact with herbivores such as cattle, horses, sheep and camels suffering from anthrax, or with the fur and products of sick animals infected with anthrax.
2. Harmful factors in the labor process: unreasonable labor organization and work and rest system, excessive labor intensity, poor operation, etc.
3. Harmful factors in the production environment: such as solar radiation in hot season, unreasonable factory building or layout, etc.
factor
The reason or condition that determines the success or failure of something.
Learning advanced experience is one of the important factors to improve production.
What types of occupational diseases are occupational hazard factors divided into?
First, pneumoconiosis
1, silicosis
2. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis
3. Graphite pneumoconiosis
4. Carbon black pneumoconiosis
5, asbestos lung
6, talc pneumoconiosis
7, cement pneumoconiosis
8, mica pneumoconiosis
9. Potter's pneumoconiosis
10, aluminum pneumoconiosis
1 1, welder's pneumoconiosis
12, casting pneumoconiosis
13. Other pneumoconiosis that can be diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis and pathological diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis.
Second, diseases caused by radiation.
1, acute radiation sickness caused by external irradiation
2, external irradiation subacute radiation sickness
3. Chronic radiation sickness caused by external irradiation
4. Internal radiation sickness
5. Radioactive diseases
6. Radiation tumor
7. Radioactive bone injury
8, radiation thyroid disease
9. Radiation gonadal diseases
10, radiation superposition damage
1 1. Other radioactive injuries that can be diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria for radioactive diseases (general rules).
Third, occupational poisoning.
1, lead and its compounds poisoning (excluding tetraethyl lead)
2, mercury and its compounds poisoning
3, manganese and its compounds poisoning
4, cadmium and its compounds poisoning
5, beryllium disease
6, thallium and its compounds poisoning
7, barium and its compounds poisoning
8, vanadium and its compounds poisoning
9, phosphorus and its compounds poisoning
10, arsenic and its compounds poisoning.
1 1, uranium poisoning
12, hydrogen arsenide poisoning
13, chlorine poisoning
14, sulfur dioxide poisoning
15, phosgene poisoning
16, ammonia poisoning
17, unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine poisoning
18, nitrogen oxide poisoning
19, carbon monoxide poisoning
20, carbon disulfide poisoning
2 1, hydrogen sulfide poisoning
22, phosphine, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide poisoning
23. Industrial fluorosis
24, cyanide and nitrile compounds poisoning
25, tetraethyl lead poisoning
26, organotin poisoning
27, carbonyl nickel poisoning
28, benzene poisoning
29, toluene poisoning
30, xylene poisoning
3 1, n-hexane poisoning
32, gasoline poisoning
33, monomethylamine poisoning
34, organic fluoropolymer monomer and its pyrolysis products poisoning.
35, dichloroethane poisoning
36, carbon tetrachloride poisoning
37, vinyl chloride poisoning
38, trichloroethylene poisoning
39, chloropropene poisoning
40, chloroprene poisoning
Poisoning by amino and nitro compounds of 4 1. benzene (excluding trinitrotoluene)
42, trinitrotoluene poisoning
43, methanol poisoning
44, phenol poisoning
45, pentachlorophenol (sodium) poisoning
46, formaldehyde poisoning
47, dimethyl sulfate poisoning
48, acrylamide poisoning
49, dimethylformamide poisoning
50, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
5 1, carbamate pesticide poisoning
52, chlordimeform poisoning
53, methyl bromide poisoning
54, pyrethroid pesticide poisoning
55. Occupational toxic liver diseases that can be diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of occupational toxic liver diseases.
56. Other occupational acute poisoning that can be diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Occupational Acute Chemical Poisoning (General)
Four. Occupational diseases caused by physical factors
1, heatstroke
2, decompression sickness
3. Altitude sickness
4. Aviation sickness
5, arm vibration
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Occupational disease caused by biological factors
1, anthrax
2. Forest encephalitis
3. Brucellosis
Six, occupational panel disease
1, contact dermatitis
2. Photosensitive dermatitis
3, electro-optic dermatitis
4. Melanosis
5, acne
6. Ulcer
7, chemical panel burns
8. Other occupational facial diseases that can be diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Occupational Facial Diseases (General)
Seven, occupational eye disease
1, chemical eye burn
2, electro-optic ophthalmia
3. Occupational cataracts (including radiation cataracts and trinitrotoluene cataracts)
Eight, occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases
1, noise deafness
2, chrome nose disease
3. Tooth erosion
Nine, occupational tumor
1, lung cancer and mesothelioma caused by asbestos
2. Bladder cancer caused by benzidine
3. Leukemia caused by benzene
4. Lung cancer caused by chloromethyl ether
5. Arsenic-induced lung cancer and facial cancer
6. Hepatic angiosarcoma caused by vinyl chloride
7, coke oven workers lung cancer
8, chromate manufacturing workers lung cancer
X. Other occupational diseases
1, metal smoke heat
2. Occupational asthma
3. Occupational allergic alveolitis
4, cotton dust disease
5, bursitis of coal miners
How many kinds of occupational hazards are there? Various harmful factors that may lead to occupational diseases when workers engage in occupational activities. Including:
1, hazards in the production process:
1 & gt； Chemical factors: dust, lead, trichloroethylene, benzene, hexane, etc.
2> Physical factors: noise, abnormal meteorological conditions, electromagnetic radiation, ionizing radiation, etc.
3> Biological factors: such as Bacillus anthracis and Brucella. For example, workers come into contact with herbivores such as cattle, horses, sheep and camels suffering from anthrax, or with the fur and products of sick animals infected with anthrax.
2. Harmful factors in the labor process: unreasonable labor organization and work and rest system, excessive labor intensity, poor operation, etc.
3. Harmful factors in the production environment: such as solar radiation in hot season, unreasonable factory building or layout, etc.
What are the occupational hazards and non-occupational hazards? Occupational hazard factors include poisons, dust, physical factors, radiation (refer to national standards, such as GBZ2. 1-2007) and occupational diseases such as fatigue and vision loss caused by working environment;
Non-occupational hazards refer to occupational hazards that are not produced in the production process.
Occupational hazard factors in power distribution room: which category of power frequency electromagnetic field radiation belongs to the Catalogue of Occupational Hazard Factors? Power frequency electric field belongs to occupational hazards. Let's just say there are very few categories. Please refer to GBZ2.2-2007 for national limited values and GBZ-T 189.3 for measurement methods.
The occupational diseases mentioned in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Alcoholic Occupational Diseases are not listed in the Classification Table of Occupational Hazards, and refer to diseases caused by workers of enterprises, institutions, individual economic organizations and other employers who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors in their professional activities.
Patients suffering from occupational diseases must be employees of employers such as enterprises, institutions or individual economic organizations. They may not suffer from occupational diseases when exposed to occupational hazards, and work-related diseases may not all be occupational diseases. Occupational diseases have their specific scope, that is, statutory occupational diseases stipulated by the state. All patients with statutory occupational diseases can enjoy the occupational disease treatment prescribed by the state according to law.
Occupational hazards in the workplace can be divided into the following three categories according to their sources:
1. Harmful factors in the production process: such as lead, benzene series, chlorine, mercury and other productive poisons; Productive dust, noise, ionizing radiation and infectious pathogens;
2. Harmful factors in the labor process: such as unreasonable labor organization and system, unreasonable work and rest system, excessive labor intensity or improper production quotas, and mental (psychological) occupational stress of workers; Being in bad posture or posture for a long time, or using unreasonable tools to work, etc.
3. Harmful factors in the production environment: including the role of natural environmental factors, such as high temperature radiation in hot season and poor ventilation caused by closed doors and windows in cold season; Unreasonable plant construction or layout, such as toxic workshop and non-toxic workshop being arranged in one workshop, and unreasonable production technology causing environmental pollution.
What are the occupational hazards of professional drivers? Definition of occupational disease:
1. Diseases directly caused by occupational hazards in occupational activities.
2. Occupational diseases prescribed by statutory occupational diseases laws and regulations are called statutory occupational diseases. 132 diseases listed in the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases (version 20 13).
3. Occupational disease diagnosis standard is a technical standard for occupational disease diagnosis with regulatory significance. As the basis for occupational disease department and related clinicians to diagnose and deal with occupational diseases.
4. Classification standard of occupational disease diagnosis adopts clinical and laboratory representative indicators that can be used as the basis of occupational disease diagnosis to distinguish the severity of the disease.
5. On-the-spot investigation goes deep into the operation or accident site to investigate, aiming at understanding the types, nature, sources, contacts and health status of people of the same type of work, monitoring the working environment and health examination of contacts when necessary, and clarifying the relationship between occupational hazards and health damage.
6, the nature of the disease of occupational disease diagnosis, the degree of illness and whether there is a causal relationship with occupational hazards. We must make a comprehensive dialectical analysis and logical reasoning according to the results of occupational history, field investigation and medical examination, and exclude other diseases with similar manifestations before making a diagnosis.
So strictly speaking, at present, bus drivers do not have a legal occupational disease name. However, objective occupational hazards exist, mainly reflected in diseases such as lumbar muscle strain and cervical vertebra strain caused by long-term fixed work stations.
"Detection of Occupational Hazards" Address: Room 527, Shiyi Building, No.716, Pingliang Road, Shanghai Zip Code: 200082
Address: Room 527, No.716, Pingliang Road. China Shanghai (200082)
Tel:+86-21-55217751fax: +86-2 1-552 10562.
Tel:+86-21-55217751fax: +86-2 1-552 10562.
E-mail: maillist@ohsa ..
Detection of Occupational Hazards —— Occupational Health Survey
Industrial hygiene is a subject that studies the influence of working conditions on workers' health and puts forward measures to improve working conditions and prevent occupational diseases. Its focus is to study the occupational health characteristics of various industries, and from the perspective of hygiene, it focuses on the law of working conditions and its impact on human health.
There are various occupational hazards under harsh working conditions, which can be divided into three categories according to their sources:
Harmful factors in production process:
1) chemical factors: toxic substances, such as lead, mercury, chlorine, carbon monoxide and organophosphorus pesticides; Productive dust, such as silica dust, asbestos dust, coal powder, organic dust, etc.
2) Physical factors: abnormal meteorological conditions, such as high temperature, high humidity, high pressure and low pressure; Noise and vibration; Radio frequency, microwave, infrared and ultraviolet; X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
3) Biological factors: such as gangrene, Brucella, forest encephalitis virus, etc. Attached to the panel.
Harmful factors in the process of labor:
1) unreasonable labor organization and system, such as long working hours and unreasonable rest system.
2) Excessive mental stress at work.
3) The labor intensity is too high or the labor arrangement is improper, such as the arranged work is not suitable for the physiological condition of workers, the output is too high, and the work is overloaded and overtime.
4) Excessive strain on individual organs and visual strain caused by insufficient light.
5) Being in a bad state for a long time or using unreasonable tools.
Harmful factors in production environment:
1) The design of the production site does not meet the hygiene standards or requirements, such as the low and narrow workshop, unreasonable layout, toxic and non-toxic workshops arranged together, etc.
2) Lack of necessary sanitary technical facilities, such as ventilation, ventilation, lighting, dustproof, antivirus, noise prevention and shockproof devices, or the effect is not good.
3) Safety protection devices and personal protective equipment are not complete. In the actual production site, harmful factors often do not exist alone, but many factors affect workers' health at the same time, and the harm is even greater at this time.
Occupational injuries caused by occupational hazards also include work-related injuries, which can range from minor to serious, even leading to disability or death, so we must pay enough attention to them and prevent them in time. There are many reasons for work-related injuries, such as workers' lack of safety knowledge, neglect of protection, carelessness and luck, or factors such as drinking, taking drugs, fatigue and mental psychology. The prevention and treatment of work-related injuries and occupational diseases cannot be completely separated, and they are often internally related.
What are occupational hazards and common occupational hazards? (1) harmful factors in the production process.
1. Chemical factors
(1) toxic substances, such as lead and mercury, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene and other poisons in ethylene production; There are dozens of butadiene, styrene, high aromatic oil, sodium nitrite and dicumyl peroxide in the production of styrene-butadiene rubber.
(2) Productive dust, such as petroleum coke dust in the process of petroleum refining, aluminum silicate dust using catalyst, etc. ; In the process of catalyst production, there are metal dust, cement dust and so on. In addition, there are asbestos dust and coal dust.
2. Physical factors
(1) Abnormal meteorological conditions such as high temperature, high humidity and low temperature.
(2) Abnormal air pressure, such as high air pressure and low air pressure.
(3) Noise and vibration.
(4) Non-ionizing radiation, such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio frequency, microwave and laser.
(5) Ionizing radiation such as X-rays and γ-rays produced by radioisotope instruments.
3. Biological factors, such as Bacillus anthracis attached to fur and mold on bagasse. The petrochemical industry is rare.
(B) harmful factors in the process of labor
Labor process refers to the labor organization, operation and mode in the production process, as well as the proportion of manual labor and mental labor. In this process, the harmful factors are:
(1) During the overhaul or emergency repair, the labor organization and system are unreasonable, and the work and rest system is unreasonable. It happens very easily. ② Mental stress; The degree of automation is high, and instruments replace heavy manual labor and manual operation, which also brings mental stress problems. (3) The labor intensity is too high or the production quotas is improper, such as the arranged homework is not suitable for the physiological conditions of employees. 4 individual systems or organs are too nervous, such as visual strain. ⑤ Being in a bad state for a long time or using unreasonable tools.
(c) Harmful factors in the production environment
The production environment can be natural environment or artificial environment established according to the needs of the production process. Occupational hazards in the production process include:
(1) factors in the natural environment, such as solar radiation in hot season; (2) the building structure or layout is unreasonable, such as toxic workshop and non-toxic workshop are arranged in one workshop; (3) Environmental pollution caused by unreasonable production technology, such as chlorine leakage in chlorine recovery, refining and liquefaction posts, sometimes causes environmental pollution of about 10~20m ~ 20m.
In actual production, occupational hazards often do not exist alone, and the joint existence of multiple occupational hazards will often aggravate the impact on workers' health.
What are the occupational hazards of electricians? Occupational hazards of electricians
noise
The change of sound intensity and frequency is irregular, and the disordered sound will weaken and decrease the hearing. Long-term can cause permanent deafness, indigestion, vomiting, headache, elevated blood pressure, insomnia and other systemic diseases.
high-temperature
Thermal radiation not only affects physiological functions such as body temperature regulation, water and salt metabolism, but also leads to heatstroke diseases, such as heatstroke, thermal spasm and heat exhaustion.
get an electric shock
Arc burns at the parts where the human body is in poor contact with the charged body, or electric branding at the parts where the human body is in contact with the charged body, and metallization caused by metal particles melted and evaporated by current invading the human body panel will leave scars on the human body, which may cause death in serious cases.
Climbing operation
Frequent climbing and wiring can easily cause accidents and injuries.
Overview of electrician
Front-line operators engaged in the installation and maintenance of electrical equipment.
equipment installation
(1) When installing switch devices with return springs, such as high-pressure oil switch and automatic air switch, the switch should be placed in the off position. (2) When handling the power distribution cabinet, there should be special personnel to command and keep synchronization. When multiple switchboards (boxes) are installed in parallel, fingers shall not be placed at the joint of two switchboards (boxes), and connecting screw holes and screws shall not be touched.
(3) Electrical equipment used in the open air should have good rain-proof effect or reliable rain-proof facilities. The distribution box must be firm, complete and tight. It is forbidden to place sundries in the distribution box in use.
(4) When gouging and drilling, you must wear protective glasses, and the hammer handle shall not be loose. Chisels should not curl or crack. When hitting the wall and floor with eyes, no one is allowed to go near the back of the wall or under the floor.
Internal installation
(1) When installing the lighting circuit, it is not allowed to walk or pile materials directly on the batten ceiling or sound insulation board; When walking due to homework, scaffolding must be laid on the big stare blankly wall; 36V low-voltage power supply should be used for lighting in the ceiling.
(2) When working on the scaffold, the scaffold must be paved, and there can be no gaps and probe plates. The materials used should be put into the tool bag and carried with you. Don't throw them around.
(3) When bending on the platform and floor with a human pipe bender, keep your back to the center of the building, and avoid the face when operating. When filling large-diameter pipes and simmering pipes with sand, the sand must be dried with fire before filling. When using mechanical percussion, no one is allowed to stand below, and manual percussion should be staggered up and down. No one can stay in front of the nozzle when the pipe is heated.
(4) When the pipeline passes through the belt line, it is not allowed to make a phone call or blow at the nozzle to prevent the belt line from popping up. When two people thread, they should cooperate and coordinate. Thread high, don't push too hard.
(5) When laying the steel wire rope hanging pipe, the steel wire rope head should be prevented from being punctured. Tighten the steel cable with moderate force to prevent the hanging basket bolt from breaking.
(6) When using casing machine, electric grinding wheel, bench drill and hand electric drill, ensure good insulation and reliable neutral grounding. The leakage protection device is sensitive and effective.
Outdoor installation
(1) Before operation, check tools (milling, pickaxe, hammer, brazing, etc. ) solid and reliable. When digging a pit, slope should be placed according to soil quality and depth.
(2) Traffic arteries or places where people often pass through should be covered in time, and red lights should be set at night to warn them. When the chassis is transported down to into the pit, it is necessary to prevent hands and feet.
(3) When handling poles at the construction site, there should be special personnel to command them. When transporting cars, they must be tied firmly to prevent rolling. When people lift it, they should echo back and forth and coordinate, and the pole should not be too high from the ground to prevent one side from spraining.
(4) When climbing the pole manually, there should be someone to command it. Check whether the tools are firm and reliable before poling (e.g. the fork wood is free of scars, the chain is suitable, and the sliding rope, horizontal rope and steel rope are free of scars). The ground anchor drill should be firm and reliable, and the rope should be applied evenly in all directions. When operating, cooperate with each other, obey the command and balance the strength; No one is allowed to stand under the mechanical upright post and jib, and all live lines above (within the rotating radius of jib) must be cut off.
(5) When the pole moves in place, no one is allowed in the pit. After the pole is erected, the fork wood must be erected before the hook can be removed. Before the pole pit is filled, the fork wood, sliding rope or horizontal rope shall not be removed.
(6) The diameter of pole tip is not less than 13cm, and the buried depth is110+0.6m. The wooden pole shall not be split or decayed, and the root shall be painted with asphalt for anticorrosion. Cement rods shall not be exposed, cracked or twisted in the circumferential direction.
(7) When assembling the cross arm on the pole, the opening of the trap plate should be appropriate, and the force should not be too strong.
(8) When working on a pole, it is forbidden to throw materials up and down. Tools should be put in the tool bag, and the small rope for transferring tools up and down should be firm and reliable. After handing over the tools, stay 3 meters away from the pole.
(9) Tighten the rod horizontally and tighten the clamping bolt. When the bent conductor is tightened, the operator should work outdoors. Temporary pedal bracket installed in tight line mode shall be firm. If you use a bamboo ladder, you must tie it firmly to the pole with a rope. When adjusting the cable, no one is allowed on the pole.
(10) The lead (iron) wire or steel wire rope used for tightening the rope should be able to bear all the tension, and the connection with the wire must be firm. No one can be under the conductor when the conductor is tightened. When the terminal is tight, temporary stay wires should be set in the opposite direction.
(1 1) When stringing, a temporary grounding wire should be set every 2-3km on the line, which must be removed before power transmission. Stop climbing poles in the days of heavy rain, heavy snow and gale above level 6.
wire rigging
(1) The ground on which the cable shaft is installed must be level. The bracket must be a special bracket with a bottom plane, and it shall not be replaced by a jack. Cable laying must be carried out in accordance with the content of safety technical measures disclosure, and designated personnel command.
(2) When pulling the cable manually, the strength should be even and the speed should be steady, and it is not allowed to jerk and run. People who look at the shaft must not stand in front of the cable shaft. When laying cables, people at corners must stand outside the bending radius of cables. Personnel passing through the pipeline must ensure that their hands are not too close to the nozzle when sending cables; When encountering cables, eyes and body are strictly forbidden to directly face the nozzle.
(3) When laying cables vertically, there must be safety measures to prevent cables from slipping out of control. After the cable is put away, it should be fixed and fastened immediately.
(4) When winding the cable manually, the shaft pusher shall not stand in front of the cable, and their positions shall not exceed the center of the cable shaft. When the cable goes up and down the slope, the iron pipe should be inserted into the central hole of the cable shaft and the rope should be tied to the iron pipe to advance smoothly and slowly. When the cable stops, tighten the cable and brake in time. The gradient of human rolling cable duct shall not exceed 15.
(5) When transporting cables by car, the cables should be placed in front of the front of the car as far as possible (people who follow the car must stand behind the cables) and fixed with wire ropes.
(6) When laying cables in the trench of the electrified distribution room, the switch cabinet where the cables enter must be cut off. And measures such as insulating clapboard should be adopted. When operating beside the switchgear, the safety distance should not be less than1m (switchgear below10kV). If the cable remains for a long time after laying, it must be tied and fixed or measures must be taken. It is forbidden for cables to contact charged bodies.
(7) When digging cable trench, slope should be placed according to soil quality and depth. When constructing cable trenches near traffic lanes or busy areas, railings and signs should be set up, and red sign lights should be set up at night.
(8) When laying cables in tunnels, the temporary lighting voltage shall not be greater than 36V. Before construction, the ground should be cleaned up and the accumulated water should be discharged.
Power distribution and maintenance in construction site
(1) It is forbidden for a single person to cross obstacles on duty and carry out maintenance work on the high-voltage power distribution equipment on site, whether it is live or not.
(2) When there is partial power failure in the high-voltage live area, the human body must keep a safe distance from the live part and be supervised.
(3) In the distribution room, the external high-voltage components and lines should be operated in sequence. When power failure is checked, the grounding wire should be hung, and the operating handle should be locked or hung with signs.
(4) Insulating gloves must be worn when checking electricity, and the electroscope should be used according to the voltage level. Check the electricity of each phase on both sides of the device or each phase of the line respectively. After confirming that the equipment or line has no electricity, short-circuit the maintenance equipment or line to ground.
(5) The installation of grounding wire shall be carried out by two people. Connect the grounding terminal first, then the conductor terminal, and disassemble it in the reverse order. Wear insulating protective articles when disassembling and connecting. After the equipment or line is overhauled, the grounding wire can only be removed after a comprehensive inspection is correct.
(6) Multi-stranded soft bare copper wire with a cross section of not less than 25mm2 and special wire clamps shall be used for grounding wire. It is forbidden to use winding method for grounding and short circuit.
(7) Insulating gloves should be worn when closing the high-voltage switch with insulating rods or traditional mechanisms. When working outdoors in rainy days, in addition to wearing insulating protective articles, the insulating rod should have a rain cover and be supervised by a special person. It is forbidden to close the switch with load.
(8) The metal shell of the electrical device must be grounded or connected to zero. The same equipment can be grounded and connected to zero. The same power supply system does not allow some equipment to adopt zero connection and the other part to adopt grounding protection.
(9) The rated current of fuses (chips) used in electrical devices should be suitable for their loads. It is forbidden to replace the fuse (chip) with other metal wires.